END OF FIRST TERM EXAMINATION – BASIC 9

DECEMBER, 2024 SCIENCE 2 & 1 2 HOURS 15

MINUTES

Name: ………………………………………………… Date: …………………..........

PAPER 2

ESSAY 1 Hour 25 minutes

[100 Marks]
This paper is in two sections A and B. answer Question 1 in section A and any other four questions in section B.
Answer all the questions in your answer booklet. Credit will be given for clarity of expression and orderly presentation
of materials.

SECTION A
[40 marks]

1. (a) The diagrams below illustrate the life cycles of organisms A and B. Study the diagrams
carefully and answer the following questions.

III IV

II
I

A B

(i) Identify the life cycle labeled A and B above. [2 marks]

(ii) Name each stage labeled I, II, III and IV. [4 marks]
(iii) Provide the main difference between cycle A and B. [2 marks]
(iv) The stage labeled III belongs to which insect order? [2 marks]

(b) The diagram below is an illustration of a natural phenomenon. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follow.

(i) Name the natural phenomenon illustrated in the diagram. [2 marks]

 (ii) What does each of the parts labeled I, II, III and IV in the diagram represent in nature?
[4 marks]
(iii) What would be experienced by a person standing in the part labeled III in the diagram?
[2 marks]
(iv) Give reasons for the answer in b (iii) above. [2 marks]

(c) The diagram below is a set- up for preparation of common salt in the laboratory. Study the
diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(i) Name each of the parts labeled IV, V and VI. [3 marks]
(ii) Name two possible solutions that can react to produce salt. [2 marks]
(iii) Name the process that takes place when the two solutions named in (c) (ii) react. [2 marks]
(iv) Name the process that takes place in the set-up B. [1 mark]
(v) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between solutions named in (c) (ii). [2 marks]

(d) The diagram below are illustrations of some farm tools. Study them carefully and use them to
answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify each of the tools labeled A, B, C, D, and E. [5 marks]

(ii) Mention one use of A and E. [2 marks]
(iii) Mention three ways of caring for the farm tools illustrated. [3 marks]
SECTION B
[60 marks]
(iv) Answer three questions only from this section
2. (a) (i) Explain briefly why N 2 O was named laughing gas? [3 marks]
(ii) Why is it no longer used for the purpose for which it was named? [2 marks]
(b) (i) What is a specialized cell? [1 mark]
(ii) Give two examples of specialized cell. [2 marks]
 (c) A water heater is rated 1000 W , 240 V . Calculate the maximum current
that the heater can take. [4 marks]
(d) (i) What is eutrophication? [1 mark]
(ii) How does nitrogen cycle contribute to eutrophication? [2 marks]

3. (a) (i) Explain why each of the following strategies conserves energy: [2 marks]
( α ) Exchanging of old refrigerators for new ones;
( β ) Creating large windows and doors in the direction of the prevailing winds.
(b) (i) State two differences each between weak acid and strong base. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain briefly why hydrogen ( H 2 ¿is a molecule. [3 marks]
(c) (i) What is meant by the term circulatory system? [2 marks]
(ii) Name three substances that are transported in the body. [3 marks]
(d) Briefly explain how legumes are able to add nitrogen to the soil. [3 marks]

4. (a) (i) Explain the following as used in binary compound;

( α ) decomposition;
( β ) displacement. [2 marks]
(b) (i) Defined the term oxygenated blood. [2 marks]
(ii) Describe briefly how blood is oxygenated. [3 marks]
(c) Give five differences between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse. [5 marks]
(d) Describe briefly the role of lightning in the nitrogen cycle. [3 marks]

5. (a) (i) What is pH scale? [2 marks]

(ii) Give the range of a pH scale and explain its significance. [3 marks]
(b) State the function of each of the following parts of mammalian circulatory system;
( α ) heart;
( β ) capillary. [2 marks]
(c) Draw a ray diagram to illustrate a ray of light travelling from glass to air. [4 marks]
(d) (i) Give the names of the form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. [2 marks]
(ii) Which of the forms stated in d(i) is easily leached from the soil? [2 marks]

6. (a) Describe briefly the structure of the heart of a mammal. [3 marks]

(b) (i) Copy and complete the table below:
Compound Constituent elements Chemical formula
Ammonia N H3

Water H and O
Table salt
[4 marks]
(c) (i) What is nitrogen cycle? [2 marks]
(ii) State three uses of nitrogen to plants. [3 marks]
(d) Describe briefly how images are formed in cameras. [3 marks]

END OF ESSAY TEST

 PAPER 1 45 Minutes
OBJECTIVE TEST
Answer All Questions
Each question is followed by four options lettered A to D. Find out the correct option for each question and
shade in pencil on your answer sheet the answer space which bears the same letter as the option you have
chosen. Give only one answer to each question.

1. Which of the following is an example of a B. 1000 Wh

binary chemical compound? C. 100 Wh
A. Water D. 10000 Wh
B. Sodium chloride 7. What is a primary impact of grasshoppers on
C. Vinegar agriculture?
D. Hydrogen peroxide A. Increase crop yield.
2. If a device consumes 500 watts and is used for B. Enhance soil fertility.
5 hours, how much energy is consumed? C. Crop damage and loss.
A. 1000 Wh D. Reduce water consumption.
B. 5000 Wh
C. 2500 Wh
D. 2000 Wh 8. Which type of light creates clearer shadows?
3. How does the size of a shadow change with a A. Dim light
larger light source? B. Direct light
A. Shadow becomes smaller. C. Flickering light
B. Shadow becomes larger. D. Scattered light
C. Shadow becomes fainter. 9. What does the 'kWh' unit represent?
D. Shadow remains the same size. A. Kilowatt-hours
4. What unit is used to measure energy B. Energy consumption over time
consumption over time? C. Kilowatts per hour
A. Watts D. Kilowatt resistance
B. Volts 10. What causes the formation of shadows?
C. Amps A. Reflection of light.
D. Watt-hours B. Absorption of light.
5. Which of the following is a significant use of C. Blocking of light by an object.
ammonia? D. Dispersion of light.
A. Food coloring 11. Which acid is found in citrus fruits like
B. Fertilizer production lemons and oranges?
C. Bleaching agent A. Acetic acid
D. Teeth whitening B. Citric acid
6. If a device has a power of 100W and is used C. Hydrochloric acid
for 10 hours, what is the total energy D. Sulfuric acid
consumed? 12. What process in the nitrogen cycle involves bacteria
A. 10 Wh converting nitrogen gas into ammonia?
 A. Nitrification 20. What is the chemical formula for hydrogen
B. Denitrification sulfide?
C. Nitrogen fixation A. H2S
D. Decomposition B. HS
13. In what direction does a shadow form in C. SH2
relation to a light source? D. S2H
A. Opposite 21. How do grasshoppers indirectly affect
B. Behind humans?
C. Next to A. By providing food.
D. In front of B. Through damage to food crops.
14. What is the chemical formula for sodium C. By pollinating flowers.
chloride? D. By assisting in pest control.
A. NaCO3 22. Potassium iodide is a binary compound used
B. NaCl mainly for
C. NaOH A. medical applications like thyroid
D. HCl treatment.
B. food flavoring.
C. household cleaning.
D. water purification.

15. What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen 23. What's a key characteristic of specialized cells?
cycle? A. Lack of specific functions
A. Break down oxygen. B. Perform specific tasks in the body
B. Produce nitrogen. C. High reproduction rate
C. Convert nitrogen into forms usable by D. Randomly distributed in tissues
plants. 24. What does H2O2 represent?
D. Absorb nitrogen from the soil. A. Sodium hydroxide
16. What happens to the size of a shadow when B. Hydrochloric acid
the object blocking the light is closer to the C. Hydrogen peroxide
light source? D. Nitric acid
A. The shadow becomes smaller. 25. Sodium carbonate is a binary compound used in
B. The shadow becomes larger. A. fertilizers.
C. The shadow disappears. B. glass manufacturing.
D. The shadow remains the same size. C. antiseptics.
17. Which of these substances is a salt? D. batteries.
A. Lemon juice 26. What is the pH of a strong acid?
B. Vinegar A. 1
C. Sodium chloride B. 7
D. Baking soda C. 14
18. What is the pH value of a neutral substance? D. Less than 3
A. 0 27. What is the chemical formula for carbon
B. 7 dioxide?
C. 14 A. CO3
D. 7.0 B. CO2
19. Which part of the grasshopper's activity is C. CO
most beneficial to humans? D. C2O
A. Destroying crops. 28. Which gas makes up the majority of earth's
B. Aiding in plant pollination. atmosphere?
C. Transmitting diseases. A. Oxygen
D. Causing soil erosion. B. Nitrogen
 C. Carbon dioxide 36. What is the name of the nitrogen-fixing
D. Hydrogen bacteria commonly found in the soil?
29. Calcium oxide is used primarily in A. Denitrifying bacteria
A. cement production. B. Rhizobia
B. perfume making. C. Ammonifying bacteria
C. food coloring. D. Nitrifying bacteria
D. batteries. 37. Hydrochloric acid is an example of a binary
30. Which part of the circulatory system is compound, consisting of which elements?
responsible for carrying oxygenated blood A. Hydrogen and carbon
away from the heart? B. Hydrogen and chlorine
A. Arteries C. Hydrogen and oxygen
B. Veins D. Hydrogen and nitrogen
C. Capillaries 38. Which of these gases is released during
D. Red blood cells respiration?
A. Hydrogen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen
39. What is the primary function of the
respiratory system?
A. Transport nutrients.
B. Maintain body temperature
31. Which of these is a property of salt? C. Obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon
A. Turns red litmus paper blue. dioxide.
B. Tastes sour. D. Produce energy.
C. Formed by the reaction between an acid 40. Which activity helps conserve energy in
and a base. transportation?
D. Releases hydrogen ions in solution. A. Carpooling with friends
32. How can you save energy while using B. Frequent solo driving
electronic devices? C. Regular engine idling
A. Leaving devices on standby mode. D. Using larger vehicles for fewer people
B. Using energy-consuming appliances.
C. Turning off appliances when not in use.
D. Running appliances throughout the day.
33. What does a base do, when added to an acid?
A. Decreases the pH
B. Turns red litmus paper green
C. Neutralizes it
D. Increases the pH
34. How can one conserve energy in water usage?
A. Taking shorter showers.
B. Keeping taps running constantly.
C. Running the dishwasher half-full.
D. Letting the water run while brushing teeth.
35. How do the respiratory and circulatory
systems work together?
A. Regulating body temperature.
B. Digesting food.
C. Transporting oxygen and nutrients.
throughout the body.
D. Protecting the body from pathogens.
 END OF PAPER

FINAL MARKING SCHEME

PAPER 1
OBJECTIVE TEST
[40 MARKS]
1. B 6. B 11. C 16. A 21. B 26. D 31. C 36. B
2. C 7. C 12. C 17. C 22. A 27. B 32. C 37. B
3. B 8. B 13. A 18. D 23.B 28. B 33. C 38. B
4. D 9. A 14. B 19. B 24. C 29. A 34. A 39. C
5. B 10. C 15. C 20. B 25. B 30. A 35. C 40. A

PAPER 2
[60 MARKS]
QUESTION 1
(a)
(i) Identify the life cycle labeled A and B above.
A = A life cycle of a grasshopper.
B = A life cycle of a housefly
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
(ii) Name each stage labeled I, II, III and IV.
 I = eggs
 II = nymph
 III = adult
 IV = Larva
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score

(iii) Provide the main difference between cycle A and B.

 The main difference between the two life cycles is the number of developmental stages
and the way these stages occur. Grasshoppers have three stages in incomplete
metamorphosis, while houseflies have four stages in complete metamorphosis .
[2 marks]
(iv) The stage labeled III belongs to which insect order?
 an adult grasshopper is categorized as an insect belonging to the order Orthoptera
[2 marks]
Total = 10 marks
(b)
(i) Name the natural phenomenon illustrated in the diagram.
 Formation of a shadow from external source of light. [2 marks]
(ii) What does each of the parts labelled I, II, III and IV in the diagram represent in
nature?
 I = external source of light / touch / light source
 II = object/ opaque
 III = Umbra / total shadow.
 IV = Penumbra / Partial shadow.
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]
(iii) What would be experienced by a person standing in the part labelled III in the
diagram?
 A person studying in the III (umbra) will not see the source of light or will not receive
light from the source. [2 marks]
(iv) Give reasons for the answer in (iii) above.
 This is because the light source has been blocked by the opaques or object. [2 marks]
Total = 10 marks

(c)
(i) Name each of the parts labeled IV, V and VI.
IV = evaporating dish
V = clamp stand or retort stand
VI = tripod stand
[3 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
(ii) Name two possible solutions that can react to produce salt.
 Sodium hydroxide
 Hydrochloric acid
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
(iii) Name the process that takes place when the two solutions named in (C. ii) react.
 Neutralization reaction [2 marks]
Correct spelling score
(iv) Name the process that takes place in the set-up B.
 Evaporation or boiling or heating [1 mark]
(v) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between solutions named in (C.ii).
 Neutralization reaction [2 marks]
Total = 10 marks

(d)
(i) Identify each of the tools labeled A, B, C, D, and E.
 A= digging fork or garden fork.
 B = spade
 C = hand fork
 D = hand trowel
  E = watering can.
[5 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score

(ii) Mention one use of A and E.

A (digging fork or garden fork)
 For digging soil during seed bed preparation.
 For breaking up hard or compacted soil.
 For loosening soil in garden and farming.
 For turning compost heap.
 For listing and turning over soil in gardening and farming.
E (watering can)
 For watering or irrigating crops by hand
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Any one score
(iii) Mention three ways of caring for the farm tools illustrated.
 Keep tool in a termite free area.
 Keeping tool clean after use.
 Keeping tools in a safe, dry place.
 Using tools for the right purpose.
 Keeping records of the movement of tools
 Etc.
[3 marks @ 1 mark each]
Total = 10 marks
QUESTION 1 TOTAL = [40 MARKS]
QUESTION 2
(a) (i) Explain briefly why N 2 O was named laughing gas?
 Nitrous oxide (N2O) earned the nickname "laughing gas" due to the characteristic
euphoric effects it produces when inhaled in small quantities.(1 mark )This gas
induces a temporary altered state of mind, leading to feelings of happiness,
giddiness, and sometimes uncontrollable laughter.(1 mark) These effects led to its
association with laughter, hence the name "laughing gas." However, while it might
induce a sense of joy.(1 mark)
Total =[3 marks]
(ii) Why is it no longer used for the purpose for which it was named?
 Is no longer primarily used for amusement or recreational purposes. The shift away
from its initial association is primarily due to safety concerns associated with its
misuse. [1 mark ]While it can induce temporary euphoria and laughter when
inhaled in small doses, excessive use can lead to oxygen deprivation and health
risks.[1 mark]
Total = [2 marks]
(b) (i) What is a specialized cell?
 Specialized cell is a cell structurally adapted to perform a particular or specific
function. [1 mark]
(ii) Give two examples of specialized cell.
 Sperm cell
 White blood cell
 Nerve cell
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
 (c) A water heater is rated 1000 W , 240 V . Calculate the maximum current that the
heater can take.
Power= 1000W V= 240V
Power(P) = current(I) × Voltage(V)
Power ¿ IV
P 1000
I= = =4.17 ≊ 4.2 Ampere
V 240
Accept unit in word
1
Wrong or no unit −
2
[4 marks]
(d) (i) What is eutrophication?
 Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water, such as a lake or pond,
becomes overly enriched with nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen.
[1 mark]
(ii) How does nitrogen cycle contribute to eutrophication?
 The nitrogen cycle contributes to eutrophication by facilitating the overgrowth of
algae and aquatic plants due to the excessive presence of nitrogen compounds in
water bodies,[1 mark] leading to imbalances in the ecosystem and potentially
harming aquatic life. 1 mark]
Total = [2 marks]
TOTAL = 15 MARKS
QUESTION 3
(a) (i) Explain why each of the following strategies conserves energy:
( α ) . Exchanging of old refrigerators for new ones;
 Upgrading to new refrigerators saves energy due to improved technology and
better insulation, reducing electricity needs for cooling.
( β ) . Creating large windows and doors in the direction of the prevailing winds.
 Upgrading to new refrigerators saves energy due to improved technology and
better insulation, reducing electricity needs for cooling.
[2 marks @ 1mark each]
(b) (i) State two differences each between weak acid and strong base.
Weak acid Strong acid
Partially ionizes in water Fully dissociates in water
Produces fewer ions in solution Produces more ions in solution
Has a lower conductivity in solution Exhibits higher conductivity in solution
pH closer to neutral pH typically higher (greater than 7)
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Any two score 1
(ii) H ¿
Explain briefly why hydrogen ( 2 is a molecule.
 Hydrogen (H2) exists as a molecule because it's composed of two hydrogen atoms
that are chemically bonded together through a shared pair of electrons, forming a
stable structure. [1 mark] This covalent bond holds the atoms together, [1 mark]
resulting in the formation of the H2 molecule. [1 mark]
Total = [3 marks]
(c) (i) What is meant by the term circulatory system?
 The circulatory system refers to the network of organs and vessels responsible for
circulating blood, nutrients, gases, and hormones throughout the body. OR
 The circulatory system is a collection of tissues and organs which transports
materials or food or water or oxygen throughout the whole body.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name three substances that are transported in the body.
  Oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
 Nutrients
 Hormones
 Waste products:
 Water
[3 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
(d) Briefly explain how legumes are able to add nitrogen to the soil.
 Legumes have a unique ability to host bacteria called rhizobia in nodules on their
roots. [1 mark] Through a symbiotic relationship, these bacteria convert
atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants, providing them with essential
nitrogen for growth. [1 mark] This process, known as nitrogen fixation, enhances
soil fertility as legumes release nitrogen into the soil when they die or shed leaves,
benefiting other nearby plants. [1 mark]
Total = [3 marks]
TOTAL = 15 MARKS
QUESTION 4
(a) (i) Explain the following as used in binary compound;
( α ) . decomposition;
 Decomposition in a binary compound refers to the breakdown of a compound made
of two different elements into its individual elements. For instance, breaking down
sodium chloride (NaCl) into sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl).
( β ) . displacement .
 Displacement in a binary compound occurs when a more reactive element replaces a
less reactive one in a compound through a chemical reaction. For example, zinc
(Zn) displacing copper (Cu) in copper sulfate (CuSO4) to form zinc sulfate and
elemental copper.
[2 marks @ 1mark each]
(b) (i) Defined the term oxygenated blood.
 Oxygenated blood refers to blood that has a high concentration of oxygen bound to
hemoglobin within red blood cells. [2 marks]
(ii) Describe briefly how blood is oxygenated.
 Blood is oxygenated in the lungs during respiration. Inhaled air enters the lungs,
where tiny air sacs called alveoli exchange oxygen with blood in nearby capillaries.
[1 mark] Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, binding to hemoglobin in red blood
cells, forming oxyhemoglobin. [1 mark] This oxygen-rich blood is then pumped by
the heart to body tissues, delivering oxygen and picking up carbon dioxide for
exhalation, ensuring a continuous supply of oxygen for cellular functions. [1 mark]
Total = [3 marks]
(c) Give five differences between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.
Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse
Occurs when the Moon passes between Occurs when the Earth passes between
the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's the Sun and the Moon, casting its
light. shadow on the Moon.
 Moon obstructs sunlight, causing a Earth's shadow falls on the Moon,
temporary darkening of a portion of the causing it to darken or turn reddish in a
Earth's surface. total or partial eclipse.
Only visible within a narrow path on the Visible from any location on the
Earth's surface where the Moon's nighttime side of the Earth where the
shadow falls (totality). Moon is above the horizon.
Can be total, partial, or annular Can be total, partial, or penumbral,
depending on the alignment and distance depending on the extent of the Earth's
between the Earth, Moon, and Sun. shadow covering the Moon.
Occurs during the New Moon phase. Occurs during the Full Moon phase.
Requires eye protection to view safely Safe to view with the naked eye; no eye
due to the Sun's intense brightness. protection needed to observe the
eclipsed Moon.
[5 marks @ 1 mark each]
Any two score one
(d) Describe briefly the role of lightning in the nitrogen cycle.
 Lightning plays a brief but crucial role in the nitrogen cycle through a process called
atmospheric nitrogen fixation. [1 mark] During thunderstorms, lightning generates
intense heat and energy that split atmospheric nitrogen molecules (N2) apart. [1
mark] These individual nitrogen atoms combine with oxygen and other elements in
the air, forming nitrogen oxides (NOx). [1 mark] These nitrogen oxides dissolve in
rainwater, creating nitric acid (HNO3), which falls to the ground as a component of
precipitation. [1 mark]
Total = [3 marks]
Any three score
TOTAL = 15 MARKS
QUESTION 5
(a) (i) What is pH scale?
 pH scale is one which measures the acidity or the alkalinity of a solution or soil. OR
 pH scale is a measure of the H +¿¿ ion concentration of a solution. OR
 The pH scale is a measurement system used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a
substance, solution, or environment.
[2 marks]
(ii) Give the range of a pH scale and explain its significance.
 The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where:
 A pH of 0 to 6.9 indicates acidity. The lower the number, the more acidic the
substance.
 pH 7 is considered neutral.
 A pH of 7 is neutral, indicating a balanced concentration of hydrogen ions and
hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.
 A pH of 7.1 to 14 indicates alkalinity. The higher the number, the more alkaline the
substance.
[3 marks]
Any three scores
(b) State the function of each of the following parts of mammalian circulatory system;
( α ) . heart;
 Pumping: The primary role of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body,
ensuring that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues and organs.
  Circulation: It maintains blood flow by contracting and relaxing in a coordinated
manner, allowing oxygenated blood to be sent out to the body and deoxygenated
blood to return to the heart.
 Generating Blood Pressure: The heart creates the necessary pressure to propel
blood through the blood vessels, ensuring circulation and distribution of blood to all
parts of the body.
( β ) . capillary.
 Exchange of Substances: Capillaries facilitate the exchange of gases (like oxygen
and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.
 Microcirculation: Capillaries form a vast network of small blood vessels,
providing a large surface area for efficient exchange of substances between blood
and tissues in almost every part of the body.
 Regulation of Blood Flow: Capillaries help regulate blood flow by adjusting their
diameter, controlling the amount of blood reaching specific tissues based on their
metabolic needs.
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Any one score
(c) Draw a ray diagram to illustrate a ray of light travelling from glass to air.

[4 marks]
Correct drawing score 1

(d) (i) Give the names of the form of nitrogen absorbed by plants.
 nitrate ions (NO3-)
 ammonium ions (NH4+)
[2 marks @ 1 mark each]
Correct spelling score
(ii) Which of the forms stated in d(i) is easily leached from the soil?
 Nitrate ions are more mobile in soil water and can be easily washed away by rainfall
or excessive irrigation, moving deeper into the soil profile or even leaching into
groundwater.
[2 marks]
TOTAL = 15 MARKS
QUESTION 6
(a) Describe briefly the structure of the heart of a mammal.
 The mammalian heart is a muscular organ divided into four chambers [0.5 mark]
two atria and two ventricles. [0.5 mark] It is enclosed within a protective sac called
the pericardium. [0.5 mark] The atria receive blood returning to the heart, while the
ventricles pump blood out of the heart. [0.5 mark] Valves between chambers prevent
backward flow of blood. [[0.5 mark] The right side of the heart receives
deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation, while
the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the
body. [0.5 mark] Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood
for its own nourishment and function[0.5 mark]
Total = [3 marks]
(b) (i) Copy and complete the table below:
Compound Constituent elements Chemical formula
 Ammonium Nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H). N H3
Water Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen(O) NH4+.
Table salt Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). NaCl.
[4 marks @ 1 mark each]

(c) (i) What is nitrogen cycle?

 The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that describes the movement and
transformation of nitrogen in various forms through the environment.
[2 marks]
(ii) State three uses of nitrogen to plants.
 Supports Growth:
 Enhances Leaf Growth:
 Improves Seed and Fruit Development:
 Increases Resistance to Stress:
 Boosts Nutrient Uptake:
 Enhances Crop Yields:
[3 marks @ 1 mark each]
(d) Describe briefly how images are formed in cameras.
 Images form in cameras as light enters through the lens, focusing onto the camera's
image sensor or film. ,[1 mark] This focused light creates an image by capturing
the intensity and color information of the scene. ,[1 mark] In digital cameras, this
data is converted into electronic signals and processed into a digital image file. [1
mark]
Total = [3 marks]
TOTAL = 15 MARKS
TOTAL FOR PART II = 60 MARKS

THUS, TOTAL FOR PAPER 2 = (PART I + PART II) = 100 MARKS

PAPER I [40 MARKS]

GRAND TOTAL = PAPER 1 (40) + PAPER 2 (100) = 140 MARKS

OVERALL SCORE = TOTAL SCORE × 100
140