Electric

Current and
its effect

Caution
ALWAYS respectelectricityandexercisecaution when warking.or playing aroundit.
Electricity is amazingly useful-but it can be really dangerous aswell.Carelessness in
handling electricity and electric devices can couse severe injuries and sometimes even death
Do not play with household power sockets or push things into them Do not experiment
with the electric
supply from the mains or a generator or an inverter ora battery. You may
get an electric shock, which may be dangerous and con even cause death.

Never touch electric bulb connected to the mains. It may be very hot and your hand may get
burnt badly

Never try to investigate an electric fuse connected to mains circuit on your own.

Always use proper fuses which have been specified for particular applications, carrying 15
mork

Do not toke opart electrical appliances, because

dangerous can voltages linger inside
for a
long time ofter they are switched off If you want to know what something electrical looks
like inside, search on the web-you'll find a safe answer that way.
Always consider wires to be live and
dangerous. Use only 2-3 electric pencil cels for all
activities related to electricity"

Given below is the circuit having switch, bulb, cell and connecting wires
 It is difficuit to draw the circuit diagrams like this. So some common electric components can be
represented by symbols. You may refer to table 14.1 of NCERT to
Have you
see these
symbols.
observed that lengths and thickness of two parallel lines to represent a cell are different?
Which type of line is used to make positive terminal of the cell?
229en line_
Which type of line is used to make negative terminal of the
cell?mal line
Try to make the circuit shown above using these symbols

Circuit Diagram

Do you know
When the switch is 'on' then the circuit is said to be
closed and when the switch is 'off' then the circuit is said
to be open.

Q1. After observing the symbol of battery can you infer whatis battery?

bakteyis a combimation_Of Celse +H

When more than one cell is required for doing any activity then we connect two or more cells
together in such a way that positive terminal of one cellis connected withthe negative terminal of
the next cel Such a combination of cells is called a battery.
Try to draw a battery when cells are placed
1) one after the other and
2)sideby side
Also draw the symbol of battery

Cells are placed one after the other

Cells are placed side

by side

Symbol of battery i
Seene Handbeob 1 Grude7
Let's observe

pemonstration Actvity

by lacng a c n g nchrome wire tied betweenthe nails

Tacher will make a circuit
nichrome wie
2 Touch the
on the curent
tne crruit by moving the switch to the ON position
Now teacher will switch
seconds observe the wire
4. After a few
from the key
switch off the current by taking out the plug
5 Teacher will
after few minutes
the wire again
6 Observe

few seconds when switch was

on?
observe after
Q1What did you

Kedmd hot
it?
becomes red when current is passed through
Q2 Why wire

Asitget heaked So muchthaksuhsit qlataned.

examples from your daily
life where heat is produce when electric current is passed?
Q3 Can you give few

Bulbaen hnsa eleclaic inan Heabe

with steel wool

Let's find out what will happen, if we replace nichrome wire
circuit as made in the previous
Observe the circuit shown by teacher. This is the similar
Activity: Also in place of nichrome wire, a
the cell is replaced with a battery of four cells,
activity. However,
thin strand of steel wool is tied.
when electric current is passed through the circuit
Now observe the strand of wool
Write your observation

itbuamedout
Could you relate the above observation with electric fuses.

yes
 Wires made from some special material melt quickly and break when large electric currents are

electric fuses.
passed through them. 7hese wires are used for making
current.
Fuse is a safety device based on the heating effect of the electric
and thickness.
Heat produce in the wire depend on its material, length, current

4. What is the purpose of electric fuse?

Inalbuilinys fises aneisentedin alekebhical.chucuibs,

Theheisammximm liomitonbhe cnasentthichtanSafelytlao
Ehcghacihculi.EbyaccienkLhe cuthemtPxeeds Ihis Safe
Emit,EhewdhESmas_hCame ovtkheatedmd may Cause tihe.
Concept formation:
When electric current flows through the wire, the wire get heated. it is the heating effect of
electric current.
This effect has many applications like
bulb, heater, immersion
rod etc.
Wires made from special materials melt quickly and break when large electric current is
passed through them. These materials are used for making electric fuses which prevent fire
and damage to electric appliance.

Assessment For Learning

Fill in the blanks:

a) The heating effect of electric current is used in electhic baasteyelectric
fans/electric toaster)
b) The material of wire of electric fuse should be made of material that
(melt easily/ does not melt)
does Mat mal
I. Write symbols of following:

a) Cell

b) Electric bulb

c)Wire
d) Switch ON

e) Switch OFF

Do you know some other effect of electric current apart from heating effect of electric current?

Magnetic effect.
Observation:
Observe what will happen to the magnetic compass needle when bar magnet is brought near it.
Q1.Write your observation.

TRedle_wilLgoto N/S dneckiom. 58

Science Handbook-1 Grode-7

 Now observe what will happen to the magnetic compass needle it is brought near electric circuit For
obierving that perfom the tvity 145 on page 167 of your NCERT
text book
Q1 Write your observation

when the Sultch is en campass DeEdle oeflechedgmd

the Surteh 1s off 1t come bek to its fmft ial Position
Q2 Discuss with parther
your that what made
compass needle deflect when to
passed current is
through the wire Could you relate it with previous observation when magnetic needle is deflected in
the presence of bar magnet Write your inference

WWhen electsic cuhhent passe s thaogha uwne, it

behaueslike amaget this isamagnekiceffectaf
the CLebent.In facb, n ekcbaic.cunaent.canbe used
tomake maqnets.
Reflection:
Current carrying wires produce magnetic fheld around it.

Practical

Aim: To show magnetic effect of electric current

Material required: a cell , an iron nail, a safety pin, wires, pins

Procedure:

Take around 75cm long insulated wire and an iron nail.

Wind the wire tightly around the nail in the form of coil.
Connect the free end of terminal of the cell through a switch(safety pin)
Place some pins on or near the end of the nail
Switch ON the current.

Observations:

What happen to pins Inference

Switch ON han 79 anSa.magnet.
atthact
Switch OFF
epel 0mhail uus nota
moqmet

Soinceonboo1Grade
 Conclusion:

Fnally got.bo knoto that e uhen theSuithis on

as amagmet" like amd hen s the S r aLc acty
Such coils which behave magnets when electric current is passed through them are called
electromagnet maame t
01.Can you find out where are these eiectromagnets used7

IheseelecbmamngreEsae vsedtosepahate manetic

nakeral fhm tie jimk etc.
Watch the vicdeo to understand he working of electric bell shown
by your teache
Oraw an electric bell and write its working

Structure and working of electric bell

LWhen we n the Guoibch bhe
Qnhent fowS Lo positiue
to negalie Lenamimal and
Ehe coil.ofwhe acts.as.a
elecbhoagret.omd the
SofE inon.abthoc Es
it kvok uahni them the
touonds
Sbicke bits Ehe gong Fnom
Which we litsen the Sound.
But when ws the Soft hom
althocts Eowahds the mg
magret_ Ehe cincuit bneakc
amd the coilaof 19g
geb
ine demagmetised ond he
Staickougggat
EUNnsbo its.ohiginal
place amd then this. phocess
Lotllcomtimue umbi the
Swifbch is en. as Soom as
e off Ehe Suwitch the
Cincut bheaks amd bell
Ctopsniing
61
 Concept fomation
when an electric current flows through a wire it behaves fike a
of electric current
magnet. This is magnetic effect
A curent carrying coil of an insulated wire wrapped around a piece of iron
which behaves like a
maghet & called electromagnet
Dectro magnets are used in many devices.

Ausessment For Leaning

Fll in the bianks

An electro magnet
flows through it
attracts hcm (iron/rubber) pieces when current
) When you hwitch on àn electric bell the
to eiectromagnet SEhip (hammer/stnpl get attracted
A curent
carmying wire can behave like
compaas Aanet_and deflect the needle of
Give reasos for the
following
a) fwe bring magnetic compass needle, near electric
circuit, the needle moves
NOih-Sauth dfhection because wg
DgrEb Sho nis dihecEitn
b)ironfilling which are attracted to electromagnet when it is ON, drop down when
eiectro magnet is switched OFF

asIhon flgs e magnetic

comporent
nd eleckotagmet atsacks Ehe
wh2n
the Suitchis an Dut ihey dhuopdounn When
-maget s suibehed of. ekebho