SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

ISSN Print: · ISSN Online: • Volume 1 · October 2020
DOI:

The Level of Students Restroom

Satisfaction of Saint Michael College
of Caraga, Philippines
RINAJOY L. DAGOC
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1471
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

ANGEL A. MANUNDO
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-483X
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

MARIA GIALYN S. PALER

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-5744
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

DEVAH ANN M. QUINTANA

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-0174
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

CHRYSTAL DANE M. SALEM

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-9834
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

CHARINA B. YABUT
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-3025
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Gunning Fog Index: 13.66 • Originality: 98% • Grammar Check: 99%

Flesch Reading Ease: 37.89 • Plagiarism: 2%

56
 Peer Reviewed Journal

ABSTRACT

Satisfaction is the showing of fulfilling a need, desire, or appetite, or the

inclination picked up from such satisfaction that deals with the problem or complaint
in a satisfactory way. The study aimed to determine the Level of Student Restroom
Satisfaction of Saint Michael College of Caraga. This research used a descriptive design
consisting of the survey method to collect applicable information. The result shows
that the leading factors that mostly affect the restroom amenities are the fragrance,
followed by the overall space, and cleanliness. The researchers hereby conclude that
most of Saint Michael College of Caraga students are satisfied with the school toilet.
Confirmation/disconfirmation hypothesis Yuksel & Yuksel (2001) proposes that clients
contrast another administration experience and a standard they have created. Since it
was discovered that the students are satisfied but unfortunately not very satisfied with
the conveniences that respect to Cleanliness, Fragrance and Overall Space, in any case,
some students said to be less fulfilled. Their conviction about the administration is
dictated by how well it measures up to this standard. It was recommended that the
administrators, correct or proper monitoring regarding the amenities is a must to
improve the restroom’s quality. It should be the cleanliness, fragrance and overall space
must be conducted to achieve students’ satisfaction and improve its services

KEYWORDS

Students’ satisfaction, cleanliness, fragrance, overall space, descriptive, Philippines

INTRODUCTION

Fulfillment is an idea that has shown up in numerous fields. A restroom is one of

the essential facilities in any establishments, even in public areas. For this reason, the
development of student satisfaction is the other key aspect of improving and providing
the necessary materials to satisfy the students. Saint Michael College of Caraga is one of
the schools in the entire Nasipit with the best designs of a toilet.
The school toilet is necessary, especially for the students. Each day lots of students
will use the restroom in a couple of hours, and after using, there are different feedback
will come out, either positive or negative feedback. The students’ feedback in Saint
Michael College of Caraga says that they are satisfied. Still, unfortunately, most of
the students in the ANNEX building say that they are not fulfilled. In service quality,
student satisfaction is necessary, and it has been proven applicable to enhance the general
execution of an association (Magi & Julander, 1996).
If the students have many complaints, the school can immediately act to improve
the problematic spot and help develop the students’ positive response. By knowing

57
SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

this, the school can easily determine the facilities’ absences can result in giving enough
attention to make efforts that may help improve their standard.
Student satisfaction is an essential aspect of every positive time of the school. Every
school personnel should strive to have a good relationship with the students to develop
satisfaction.
The purpose of this study is to measure the level of student restrooms satisfaction
at Saint Michael College of Caraga that can help to confirm its positive and negative
impacts. Students need to be satisfied if they have experience using the restrooms.
Students can be fulfilled and disappointed with the area (satisfied with the design of
the entire washroom/toilet but also not contented with the absence of water and lack
of utilities). The personnel must engage in the qualities of the overall level of student
restroom satisfaction.
Identifying student satisfaction is the best way to develop and upgrade the facility
of the stated establishments.

FRAMEWORK

Various hypothetical methodologies have been used to clarify the connection

between disconfirmation and fulfillment. In focusing on student restroom satisfaction,
this study builds a functional definition of student satisfaction and practical ways to
make it easier to measure it. Still, some of the theories are surrounding the satisfaction
and service paradigm.
The confirmation and disconfirmation paradigm has become the dominant
framework used to examine student satisfaction with the hospitality service (Yuksel &
Yeksel, 2001). Fulfillment (positive disconfirmation) is known to happen when items or
administration is superior to anticipate. Then again, an execution more regrettable than
the expected outcomes is a disappointment (negative disconfirmation). This theory,
disconfirmation, postulates that customers compare a new service experience with a
standard they have developed. Their belief about the service is determined by how well it
measures up to this standard. Disconfirmation Paradigm proposes dissatisfaction arises
when the administration’s desire is not met. Confirmation is when a service is performed
as expected. The affirmation hypothesis has demonstrated a troublesome undertaking.
The idea of understudy commitment has been perceived as one of the central
points, adding to alluring results. Sheltered and sufficient water supply and sanitation
in schools are pre-necessities for the privilege of fundamental training for school kids
(Wu et al., 2019).
Meeting the required toilet per student ratio is necessary, as evidence indicates that
students are likely not to use the toilets when there is a long line waiting, particularly
during the planned breaks (Burton, 2013).
In the study of Dunleavy & Milton (2009), such multidimensional nature of
student engagement has slowly shaped the concept into both a strategy for improving

58
 Peer Reviewed Journal

educational achievement and an independently valuable schooling outcome.

Schools that did not meet the last rule were considered ‘water rare’ and were
qualified for an alternate report. These criteria were suggested by executing accomplices
and government partners and are predictable with universally perceived school gauges
(Freeman et al., 2011).
This review will be undertaken to update previous research and to explore the
impact of other methods to adjust for non-binding. Meta-regression was used to study.
The researchers include studies in which the intervention’s rate implementation was low
and studies with less compliance.
Boisson et al. (2009) tested a novel portable water filter technology reportedly used
by only 13% of the participants. The author concludes that the health effect will likely
not be due to the intervention, and we excluded the study.
In the study of Walker & Pradhan (2000), other studies in which interventions did
not lead to different water or sanitation access between intervention and control group.
The community level of high-quality piped water (water supplied continuously to
Good microbial water quality) will be most effective. The results are widely consistent
with a previously published review.
According to Rufener et al. (2010), water from those improved sources is frequently
contaminated during collections, and urgent disease reduction beyond improved non-
piped and fundamentals piped water sources are eminently plausible.
The study of Wolf et al. (2014) may reflect that even water from improved sources
is frequently of poor quality. The smaller effect seen from chlorine and solar treatments
could be explained if a significant proportion.
The aggregate number of required toilets for females will not be as much as the
aggregate number of required toilets and urinals for guys. This prerequisite will not
have any significant bearing when single inhabitants can accommodate each gender
in occupancy with an occupant load of less than 50 before the 1994 Code Reference
Uniform Building Code Section 805.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aimed to determine the Level of Student Restroom Satisfaction of

Saint Michael College of Caraga. This study seeks to answer the students’ satisfaction
regarding cleanliness, fragrance, and the restroom’s overall space.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
This research used a descriptive design consisting of the survey method to collect
applicable information. The questionnaire was accepted and verified, and gathered to
expound data after being released to the respondents.

59
SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

Research Locale
This research was conducted on male and female students in Saint Michael College
of Caraga at Atupan St. Barangay 4, Nasipit Agusan del Norte, 8602. Saint Michael
College of Caraga is a well-known and one of the most popular eminent schools here
in Nasipit and one of the schools composed of a bigger population of students, and it is
one of the most outstanding upgraded schools here in Caraga Region.

Research Respondents
The research respondents were the students at every year level in Saint Michael
College of Caraga from Grade 7 to Senior High School students and College students.

.Table 1. Distribution of the Total Population from Grade 7 to Senior High School and
College Students SY 2018-2019
Population Population Total
Grade Levels
Male Female Total Male Female Total f %

Grade 7 140 195 335 15 21 36 36 10.08

Grade 8 135 170 304 14 18 32 32 8.96

Grade 9 118 147 265 12 16 28 28 7.84

Grade 10 108 111 219 11 12 23 23 6.44

Grade 11 247 267 514 27 28 55 55 15.41

Grade 12 102 164 266 11 17 28 28 7.84

College 650 801 1451 70 85 155 155 43.42

Total 1499 1855 3355 160 197 357 n= 357 100

Research Instruments
The researchers used a survey questionnaire as a data-gathering tool that helped the
researchers determine the students look for in the stated facility.
The survey questionnaire contains the questions which were made by the
researchers, which is validated by the panellist. It is answerable from the scale of 1 to 4:
1 as dissatisfied and 4 as very satisfied.

Ethical Standards
The study followed an ethical standard by conducting an orientation for the
respondents to know about the study and giving the respondents an informed consent
form to fill-out before distributing the researchers’ questionnaire.

60
 Peer Reviewed Journal

Data Gathering
The researchers observed the following step-by-step procedures in data collection.
Firstly, a letter of request was sent for approval to the Basic Education Department
Principal, who permitted the researchers to conduct their research within the school
premises. Secondly, the questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, from grade
7 to college students, and were given proper orientation about the study’s purpose
and concept during the survey. The respondents were given enough time to supply
the necessary information needed in the study. Thirdly, after the questionnaires have
been answered, it was retrieved personally by the researchers and prepared for the
consolidation of data. And lastly, the data collected was checked, evaluated, tallied,
presented, analyzed, and interpreted by the researchers to apply the following statistical
tools.

Statistical Treatment
The data was gathered through a survey sheet that was recorded, compiled, sorted
out, organized, and was tabulated using the following statistical tools. The following
statistics test was being computed, namely: frequency and percentage, Weighted Mean,
Stepwise regression formula.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2. Students’ Restroom Satisfaction in terms of Cleanliness

Weighted
Statement Description Verbal Interpretation
Mean
A1. The restroom has a clean water Sometimes satisfied with
2.97 Satisfied
supply the amenities
A2. Supply of cleaning materials in the Sometimes satisfied with
2.94 Satisfied
restroom the amenities
Sometimes satisfied with
A3. Toilet flusher in every cubicle 2.89 Satisfied
the amenities
A4. Presence of trash container in the Sometimes satisfied with
2.85 Satisfied
restroom the amenities
Sometimes satisfied with
A5. Cleanliness of entire restroom 2.68 Satisfied
the amenities
Sometimes satisfied with
Average Weighted Mean 2.87 Satisfied
the amenities

Table 2 shows the data on the students’ satisfaction regarding the cleanliness of the
study conducted at Saint Michael college of Caraga; it was found out that the students
were satisfied with the school restroom’s cleanliness. The restroom that has a clean water

61
SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

supply gained an equivalent weighted mean of 2.97, which means that the students are
satisfied. Based on the survey, the students are satisfied with the supply of the cleaning
materials of the restroom, which gained an equivalent weighted mean of 2.94. The
students are also satisfied with the toilet flusher, which also received an equivalent of
2.89. On the presence of trash container in the restroom, the students are satisfied
because it also gained an equivalent weighted mean of 2.85. Lastly, on the cleanliness of
the entire restroom, it was found that the students were also satisfied because it comes
up with an equivalent weighted mean of 2.68.
The average weighted mean of students` satisfaction with Saint Michael College
of Caraga’s restroom regarding Collegeness is 2.87 or satisfied based on the students`
responses. Knowing the students’ satisfaction with cleanliness is essential. According to
Diulio (2010), cleanliness is a fundamental component for every establishment.

Table 3. Students’ Restroom Satisfaction in terms of Fragrance

Statement Weighted Mean Description Verbal Interpretation

Sometimes satisfied with

B1. Odor inside the restroom 2.79 Satisfied
the amenities
Sometimes satisfied with
B2. Restroom’s Atmosphere 2.75 Satisfied
the amenities
B3. Scented soap in every cubicle Sometimes satisfied with
2.56 Satisfied
of the restroom the amenities
B4. Provision of hand dryer facility Sometimes satisfied with
2.49 Satisfied
in the school restroom the amenities
B5. Provision of cleaning agent in Sometimes satisfied with
2.59 Satisfied
the restroom the amenities
Sometimes satisfied with
Average Weighted Mean 2.64 Satisfied
the amenities

Table 3 shows the data on students’ satisfaction with the restroom of Saint Michael
College of Caraga regarding fragrance. Based on the study conducted, it was found that
out of 357 students were satisfied with the odor inside the restroom, which gained an
equivalent weighted mean of 2.79. The students’ were also satisfied with the restroom’s
atmosphere, which also gained an equivalent weighted mean of 2.75. On the scented
soap in every cubicle of the restroom, it was found out that the students were satisfied
because it has an equivalent weighted mean of 2.56. The students were also satisfied with
the hand dryer facility provision in the school restroom, which gained an equivalent of
2.49. Lastly, on the provision of a cleaning agent in the restroom, it was found out that
the students are satisfied, which also gained an equivalent of 2.59.
The average weighted mean of students` satisfaction with the restroom of Saint
Michael College of Caraga regarding fragrance is 2.64 or a satisfied based on the

62
 Peer Reviewed Journal

students` responses. This further supports why Saint Michael College of Caraga needs
to study the level of students’ restroom satisfaction because the administrators could
easily determine the absences of their amenities to give enough attention that may
improve their standards.
A smell can bring out estimations and bring back memories that we disregarded
we had. Basically, the scent is a strength of irrefutably the most persistent fragrances,
and the tricky mix thereof to make a striking smell for a particular individual (Pagliaro,
2016).

Table 4. Students’ Restroom Satisfaction in terms of Overall Space

Statement Weighted Mean Description Verbal Interpretation

C1. The interior design of each Sometimes satisfied

3.02 Satisfied
cubicle of the restroom with the amenities
C2. Sufficient space of the Sometimes satisfied
2.81 Satisfied
restroom with the amenities
C3. The overall appearance of the Sometimes satisfied
2.71 Satisfied
restroom with the amenities
Sometimes satisfied
C4. The layout of the area 2.55 Satisfied
with the amenities
C5. Number of cubicles of the Seldom satisfied with
2.16 Less Satisfied
restroom the amenities
Sometimes satisfied
Average Weighted Mean 2.65 Satisfied
with the amenities

Table 4 shows the data of students’ satisfaction with the restroom of Saint Michael
College of Caraga in terms of the overall space. The amenities gained positive feedback
from the students because the data tabulated shows that they are satisfied that the
administrators showed interest in them. The students were satisfied with the interior
design of each cubicle of the restroom, which gained an equivalent weighted mean of
3.02. The students were satisfied with the restroom’s sufficient space, which also gained
an equivalent weighted mean of 2.81. The restroom’s overall appearance shows that
the students were satisfied because it gained an equivalent weighted mean of 2.71. The
layout of the area received an equivalent of 2.55. Lastly, the average weighted mean of
students’ satisfaction regarding the number of cubicles of the school restroom, it was
found out that the students are less satisfied, which gained an equivalent of 2.16.
The average weighted mean of students` satisfaction with Saint Michael College
of Caraga’s restroom regarding the overall space is 2.65 satisfied based on the students`
responses. The administrators’ ability to provide essential amenities is considered a
necessary strategy for success and survival in today`s competition. Therefore, determining
the level of customer satisfaction regarding the overall space is a part of the growth of

63
SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

Saint Michael College of Caraga.

It further uncovered that great indoor air quality, great visual solace, and adequate
space inside and outside learning spaces are factors that influence the execution of
understudies, among others (Okafor, 2016).

Table 5. Restroom amenities that mostly affect the level of satisfaction Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .520a .270 .268 .411

2 .646b .418 .414 .368
3 .725c .526 .522 .332

a. Predictors: (Constant), Fragrance

b. Predictors: (Constant), Fragrance, Overall_Space
c. Predictors: (Constant), Fragrance, Overall_Space, Cleanliness
Coefficientsa
Standardized
Model Unstandardized Coefficients
Coefficients T Sig.
B
Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.643 .099 16.539 .000
1
Fragrance .422 .037 .520 11.464 .000
(Constant) .942 .116 8.148 .000
2 Fragrance .339 .034 .418 9.960 .000
Overall_Space .346 .037 .397 9.462 .000
(Constant) .244 .130 1.879 .061
Fragrance .280 .031 .345 8.900 .000
3
Overall_Space .339 .033 .390 10.281 .000
Cleanliness .306 .034 .338 9.000 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Satisfaction

Table 5 shows the model summary of regression, fragrance suited the question of
what restroom amenities that mostly affect the level of satisfaction among Grade 7 to
College and follows with the overall space and cleanliness. All of the factors affect the
level of satisfaction among Grade 7 to College.

CONCLUSIONS

In view of the problems of the issues expressed, the researchers hereby conclude
that most of the students of Saint Michael College of Caraga are satisfied with the
school toilet’s enhancements. Confirmation/disconfirmation hypothesis Yuksel (2001)
proposes that clients contrast another administration experience and a standard they

64
 Peer Reviewed Journal

have created. Since it was discovered that the students are satisfied but unfortunately not
very satisfied with the conveniences that respect to Cleanliness, Fragrance and Overall
Space, in any case, some students said to be less fulfilled. Their conviction about the
administration is dictated by how well it measures up to this standard.
The majority of the students confirmed that they met their needs, and some of the
students also said that they are not fulfilled, so it means that they are not meeting their
needs. They showed their disconfirmation regarding the amenities of the restroom.
As indicated by Ferrel & Hirt (2003), development is expected to make changes
that fulfill individual and authoritative objectives. These additionally guarantee that
the students who utilize the toilet are given about equipment features accessibility. A
firm should discover what the students need and build up an amazing administration
or plan that addresses their issues or wants in the bathroom. Pizam & Holcomb (2008)
characterize consumer loyalty as “The capacity of an association to satisfy the necessities
of its students.”
This study further helps the administrator to determine the absences of the amenities
of the restroom. With the help of this study, they can take action to develop the said.

RECOMMENDATIONS

From the conclusions generated in the study, the following recommendations are
offered for considerations.
To the administrators, correct or proper monitoring regarding the amenities is a
must to improve the restroom’s quality. The cleanliness, fragrance, and overall space
must be conducted to achieve students’ satisfaction and improve their services.
Administrators’ job involves planning how to motivate the staff to provide enough
time and continue to exert effort to make the restroom even more attractive to get
the students’ attention and satisfaction. Also, administrators’ job is to find out the
equipment malfunctioning to get rid of the ruins and provide the necessary items that
usually find inside the restroom.
A ratio that is given for the female, there are seven (7) cubicles. Each cubicle is used
for only 28 students. Same for males, there are seven (7) cubicles, each one of it used for
only 23 students. This ratio is only for the sample size of the students. The students need
to have an additional number of cubicles that can suit their population.

LITERATURE CITED

Boisson, S., Schmidt, W. P., Berhanu, T., Gezahegn, H., & Clasen, T. (2009).
Randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia to assess a portable water treatment
device. Environmental science & technology, 43(15), 5934-5939. Retrieved on
March 15, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2Rxh3dQ

65
SMCC Interdisciplinary Journal

Burton, S. (2013). Toilets unblocked: A literature review of school toilets. Retrieved on

March 15, 2020 from https://bit.ly/2H3n14d

Diulio, N. (2010). Keep It Clean. Retrieved on March 15, 2019 from https://bit.
ly/2Rwupr1

Dunleavy, J., & Milton, P. (2009). What did you do in school today? Exploring the
concept of student engagement and its implications for teaching and learning in
Canada. Canadian Education Association (CEA), 1-22. Retrieved on March 15,
2020 from https://bit.ly/3ktZnwp

Freeman, M., Greene, L., Dreibelbis, R., Saboori, S., Muga, R., Brumback, B. &
Rheingans, R. (2011). Assessing the impact of a school‐based water treatment, hygiene
and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster‐
randomized trial. Retrieved on October 16, 2018 from https://bit.ly/33ul4Fu

Ferrel, O. C., & Hirt, G. (2000). Business: A changing world. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education. Retrieved on March 15, 2020 from https://bit.ly/2ZK4Wyy

Magi, A. & Julander, C.R. (1996). Perceived service quality and customer satisfaction
in a store performance framework: An empirical study of Swedish grocery retailers.
Retrieved on October 13, 2018 from https://bit.ly/3kpjmw1

Pagliaro, M., Delisi, R. & Ciriminna, R. (2016). Green fragrances: A critically important
technology for the new cosmetic industry. Retrieved on October 17, 2018 from https://
bit.ly/2FJrHvG

Pizam, A., & Holcomb, J. (2008). International dictionary of hospitality management.

Routledge. Retrieved on March 15, 2020 from https://bit.ly/2RBlB2W

Rufener, S., Mäusezahl, D., Mosler, H. J., & Weingartner, R. (2010). Quality of
drinking-water at source and point-of-consumption—drinking cup as a high
potential recontamination risk: a field study in Bolivia. Journal of health, population,
and nutrition, 28(1), 34. Retrieved on March 15, 2019 from https://bit.ly/35P7lMB

Walker, R. W., & Pradhan, R. (2000). Dorsal dislocation of the capitate. Journal of
Hand Surgery, 25(4), 403-405. Retrieved on March 10, 2020 from https://bit.
ly/2RyGKLh

66
 Peer Reviewed Journal

Wu, J., Huang, C., Pang, M., Wang, Z., Yang, L., FitzGerald, G., & Zhong, S. (2019).
Planned sheltering as an adaptation strategy to climate change: Lessons learned
from the severe flooding in Anhui Province of China in 2016. Science of The
Total Environment, 694, 133586. Retrieved on March 15, 2020 from https://bit.
ly/3hFc4CL

Yüksel, A., & Yüksel, F. (2001). The expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm: a

critique. Journal of hospitality & tourism research, 25(2), 107-131. Retrieved on
October 13, 2018 from https://bit.ly/3kvpCmd

67