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LABORATORY

lab

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LABORATORY

lab

Uploaded by

siponofficial110
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP LEADER: REX SIMENE GROUP 2 – BSCE 1-C

MEMBERS: EARL ANTHONY JAMISOLA, DODS EMERSON DACUT, ALEXANDER LABIAL,


AUGUSTOS BANTUG, DOUGLAS SUMASTR, HEARTY BERONILLA, JASMIN ROMON,
PEARL DAPHNE JUSON, SAPIA MACAOMBAO

INSTRUCTOR: MR. MICHAEL JONES JASO

LABORATORY #1

PART A. HORIZONTAL MOTION OF DYNAMICS CART

HORIZONTAL MOTION

d = D/2 = ___M

EXPERIMENTAL
TRIAL tev (s) T(s) D(m) Vo(m/s) a(m/s2) THEORITICAL % Diff.
ttv(s)
1
2
3
4
5
6

NOTE: tev – experimental value; ttv – theoretical value

PART B. DYNAMICS CART IN AN INCLINED PLANE

TRAVEL TIME PER HEIGHT INCREMENT

LENGTH OF THE TRACK, d = 120cm

TIME OF TRAVEL
HEIGHT OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 AVG. TIME (S)
TRACK (CM)
10 1.65 1.57 1.66 1.62
8 1.75 1.78 1.78 1.76
6 2.06 2.22 2.16 2.146
4 2.54 2.72 2.84 2.7
2 4.85 4.62 3.79 4.42
ACCELERATION VERSUS SIN 𝜽

TIME OF TRAVEL (S) ACCELERATION (m/s2)


Height Sin𝜃 Trial Trial Trial Avg. Experimental Theoritical % Error
of = h/d 1 2 3 Time
track,
h (cm)
20 0.16 1.13 1.16 1.09 1.126 1.89 1.568 20.5%
18 0.15 1.32 1.18 1.12 1.206 1.65 1.47 12.5%
16 0.13 1.32 1.30 1.29 1.306 1.413 1.247 10.9%
14 0.116 1.35 1.46 1.41 1.406 1.21 1.1368 6.43%
12 0.1 1.65 1.53 1.50 1.56 0.98 0.98 0%

SLOPE: 9.8
PART C. FREE FALL

DISTANCE VS. TIME

TIME OF TRAVEL (S) EXPERIMENTAL VALUE OF


ACCELERATION DUE TO
GRAVITY, g (m/s2)
Height Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Avg.
(cm) time
100 0.2159 0.2261 0.2510 0.2007 0.2234 10.26
90 0.1963 0.1929 0.1908 0.2019 0.1954 9.225
85 0.1845 0.1821 0.1859 0.1911 0.1859 9.14
75 0.1648 0.1730 0.1725 0.1655 0.1687 8.9
AVG. ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY BY 9.38
EXPERIMENT
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY BY 9.8
STANDARD
PERCENTAGE ERROR (%error) 4.3%

GRAPH: Y VS. T
GRAPH: Y VS. T2

II. COMPUTATIONS:

PRINTED AT THE BACK.

III. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:

FIRST, LET’S TALK ABOUT THE TRAVEL TIME PER HEIGHT INCREMENT. THE LENGTH OF
THE TRACK IS MEASURED AT 120CM. IN 2 CM OF HEIGHT, WE GET THE AVERAGE TIME
AS 1.62 SECONDS. FOR 4CM HEIGHT IS 2.7 SECONDS. 6CM IS 2.146 SECONDS. 8CM IS
1.76 SECONDS. AND FOR 10 CM, IT IS 1.62 SECONDS. THIS IS THE TIME IT TAKES TO
TRAVEL A GIVEN HEIGHT INCREMENT. IT WILL DEPEND ON THE SPEED AT WHICH THE
OBJECT IS MOVING AND THE SIZE OF THE INCREMENT. NOW LET’S PROCEED INTO
ACCELERATION VERSUS TIME. AS WE ALL KNOW, THE ACCELERATION DOWN AN
INCLINE IS EQUAL TO G SINΘ BECAUSE THE FORCE ACCELERATING IT DOWN THE
INCLINE PLANE IS THE COMPONENT OF THE WEIGHT PARALLEL TO THE SURFACE OF
THE INCLINE PLANE. AND TO GET THE VALUE OF SINΘ, LET'S FIRST COMPUTE THE
HEIGHT OVER THE DISTANCE AND MULTIPLY IT BY 100 SINCE OUR VALUE OF THE
HEIGHT IS STILL CM. AS WE GET THE RESULTS, WE’VE NOTICED THAT THE VALUE OF
OUR SINΘ ALONG THE Y AXIS IS GETTING SMALLER. THAT MEANS THIS MEANS THAT
THE INCLINE SURFACE IS BECOMING LESS STEEP AS YOU MOVE UP IT. THE ANGLE OF
THE SURFACE IS DECREASING, AND WE EXPECT THAT THE ACCELERATION IS ALSO
DECELERATING.
((FREE FALL) ONE EXAMPLE OF A FREE-FALL EXPERIMENT IS THE PHOTOGATE
EXPERIMENT. IN THIS EXPERIMENT, AN OBJECT IS DROPPED THROUGH A
PHOTOGATE, WHICH IS A DEVICE THAT MEASURES THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE
OBJECT TO PASS THROUGH IT. BY MEASURING THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE OBJECT
TO PASS THROUGH THE PHOTOGATE, THE VELOCITY OF THE OBJECT CAN BE
DETERMINED. AS A BALL DROPS FREELY TOWARDS THE SURFACE, ITS VELOCITY
INCREASES AND ITS DISTANCE FROM THE STARTING POINT INCREASES. THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE AND TIME FOR AN OBJECT IN FREE FALL IS GIVEN
BY THE EQUATION Y(T) = (1/2) X ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY X TIME2, WHERE
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY IS 9.8 M/S2. THEREFORE, THE DISTANCE TRAVELED
BY AN OBJECT IN FREE FALL IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE OF THE
TIME ELAPSED. TO FORMULATE THE ACCELERATION, WE MUST GATHER THE DATA OF
THE AVERAGE TIME, AND TO GET THE ACCELERATION, WE NEED TO USE THE
EQUATION Y(T) = (1/2) X 9.81 M/S^2 X T^2 TO GET THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUE OF THE
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY.

IV. CONCLUSION:

THIS LAB EXPERIMENT AIMS TO CALCULATE THE ACCELERATION OF A FALLING


OBJECT UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IS THE ONLY
FORCE ACTING ON THE OBJECT. THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ACTING BETWEEN THE
FALLING OBJECT AND THE GROUND IS WHAT CAUSES ITS ACCELERATION. AN ITEM
THAT IS FALLING ONLY DUE TO GRAVITY IS SAID TO BE IN FREE FALL. ANY ITEM THAT
IS MERELY SUBJECT TO THE EFFECTS OF GRAVITY IS SAID TO BE IN FREE FALL.

V. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS:

PART A. HORIZONTAL MOTION OF DYNAMICS CART

1. IS THERE A SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL AND


CALCULATED VALUES OF T? ENUMERATE POSSIBLE FACTORS THAT WOULD ACCOUNT
FOR THIS DIFFERENCE.

2. IN WHAT SITUATION IS THE AVERAGE VELOCITY EQUAL TO THE INSTANTANEOUS


VELOCITY?

PART B. DYNAMICS CART IN AN INCLINED PLANE

1. HOW DID THE ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF THE LINEAR TRACK AFFECTS THE CART’S
ACCELERATION?

- THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE PRESSING ON THE CART INCREASES AS THE SLOPE OF


THE INCLINE INCREASES, CAUSING IT TO ACCELERATE MORE QUICKLY.

2. IF THE MASS OF THE CART IS INCREASED, HOW ARE THE RESULTS AFFECTED?

- THE CART TAKES LONGER TO REACH THE BARRIER WHEN ITS HEAVIER. ITS
ACCELERATION HAS DROPPED ALONG WITH ITS VELOCITY.

PART C. FREE FALL.

1. COMPARE YOUR DATA POINTS WITH THE THEORITICAL PLOT IN THE GRAPH OF Y
VS T. HOW WELL DOES YOUR DATA MATCH THE THEORY?

- BASED ON OUR GRAPH THE HEIGHT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO OUR TIME AS


BOTH OF THEM INCREASES. THE EXPERIMENTAL VALUE IS NOT TOTALLY EQUAL TO
ITS STANDARD VALUE BUT WE HAVE PASSED THE PERCENTAGE ERROR REQUIRED.

2. FROM YOUR DATA TABLE, WHAT WAS THE RANGE OF VALUES FOR G THAT WAS
OBTAINED? DOES THE ACTUAL VALUE OF G FALL WITHIN THIS RANGE? DOES IT FALL
WITHIN ONE STANDARD DEVIATION OF YOUR MEAN VALUE?

- THE ACTUAL VALUE OF G DOESN’T FALL WITHIN THE RANGE DUE TO SOME FACTORS
SUCH AS THE AIR RESISTANCE THAT COULD AFFECT TO THE ACCELERATION. ALSO, IT
DOESN’T FALL WITHIN ONE OF STANDARD DEVIATION IN THE MEAN VALUE.

3. WAS THE ACCELERATION CONSTANT FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF Y?

- THE ACCELERATION FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF Y IS NOT EXACTLY CONSTANT BUT


IT DOES INVOLVE WITHIN THE VALUE OF Y.

4. IF BY SUITABLE MECHANISM THE FALLING BODY HAD BEEN GIVEN AN INITIAL


DOWNWARD PUSH INSTEAD OF BEING JUST REALESED, WOULD THE RESULTING
OBSERVED OF G HAVE BEEN DIFFERENT? EXPLAIN

- YES, BECAUSE ONCE IT IS GIVEN AN INITIAL DOWNWARD PUSH, THERE WILL BE


MORE ACTING ON IT. THEREFORE, THE VALUE OF G WOULD BECOME DIFFERENT AS IT
BECOME MUCH FASTER COMPARE TO THE ACCELERATION WITHIN FREE FALL.

5. SUPPOSED YOU HOLD AN OBJECT MOTIONLESS ABOUT 4FT. ABOVE THE GROUND
AND THEN LET IT FALL TO THE GROUND WITHOUT INTERFERENCE. ABOUT HOW LONG
DOES IT TAKES TO HIT THE GROUND? (USE YOUR EQUATIONS AND COMPARE IT TO
THE VALUE FOUND FROM YOUR Y VS. T GRAPH).

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