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II Semester Diploma Examination, May-2024

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:100
Instruction: (i) Answer any ONE full question from each section.
(ii) Each full questions carries 20 Marks.
SECTION-I
1). (a). Define project and mention any 4 projects you see in daily life. 6
(b). List the different types of Projects and Explain Normal Project. 6
(c). Define internet of things (IOT) 3
(d). State the benefits of AR and VR in Project Management. 5
2). (a). List and explain the types of Project consultants. 6
(b). State the characteristics of Project Manager. 4
(c). Differentiate between Augmented reality and virtual reality 5
(d). List the application of AR and VR 5

SECTION-II
3. (a). Identify any four advantages of effective team. 4
(b). Define project team. And list any 4 different types of Project team 6
(c). Explain project execution plan. (PEP) and project procedure manual (PPM) 10
4. (a). What is a Project Dairy and its advantages 4
(b). Prepare detailed work breakdown structure (WBS) for celebrating Republic Day
In your polytechnic. 6
(c). Prepare a list of Project resources needed for construction of residential building 5
(d). What are the factors to be considered while selecting the team members. 5

SECTION-III
5). (a). List the different types of risk assessment techniques. 4
(b). A Hostel construction project was planned with estimated time duration of 20
months. However, the project took 28 months for its completion. Evaluate the
possible reasons for delay in the project. 5
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(c). List and explain the different phases of project management lifecycle. 8
(d). List any three components of project Planning 3

6). (a). What are the reasons of cost overrun. 4

(b). Explain the different types of project risk. 8
(c). State the prerequisites for any successful project implementation. 4
(d). Explain the neat sketch project life cycle curve. 4
SECTION-IV
7). (a). State the importance of Project Evaluation 5
(b). Describe the functions of project planning 5
(c). Explain time estimate. 5
(d). Develop the Gantt chart for the given project. 5

Jobs Start Day Duration Manpower

J1 0 3 7
J2 2 4 3
J3 4 7 8
J4 8 5 2
J5 11 5 4

8). (a). List the tools used in project planning. 4

(b). Mention the various steps involved in any project review. 6
(c). Explain the different types of time estimate. 8
(d). List any four tools available for project planning. 2

SECTION-V
9). (a). Develop the network diagram for the following activities with the corresponding
time estimates. 10

Activity Time estimate

T0 Tm Tp
1–2 8 12 21
1–3 6 12 18
2–4 1 1.5 3
3–4 4 8 9
2–5 10 14 23
4–5 2 2 3

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 (b). Construct a network diagram and find the critical path for a project whose activities
and their predecessor relationship are given below: 10

Activity A B C D E F G H
Predecessor - A A B C C DE FG

10). (a). State the purpose of project control. 4

(b). Explain the application of critical path method (CPM) in project management. 6
(c). List the objectives of project audit. 5
(d). List the objectives of project review. 5

***********************

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Scheme of Valuation and Answers
Code: 20PM01T
II Semester Diploma Examination, May-2024
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Time: 3 Hours] [Max.Marks:100
Instruction: (i) Answer any ONE full question from each section – I, II, III, IV and V.
(ii) Each full questions carries 20 Marks.
SECTION-I

Q.No. Question breakup Marks

1 (a) Definition and listing any 4 examples of project seen 2 + 4 = 6
in our daily life (1 mark each)
(b) Naming of Types of Project (1mark each)and explain 3 +3 =6
Normal Project with any three valid points
(c) Any valid Definition of IOT 3
(d) Mentioning Any 5 benefits of IOT 1x5=5
2 (a) Listing of Project consultants and explain types of 2+4=6
Project Consultants
(b) Any 4 characteristics of Project Manager 1x4=4
(c) Any 5 differences of AR and VR 1x5=5
(d) Any 5 Application of AR and VR 1x5=5
SECTION-II

3 (a) Any 4 advantages of effective team 1x4=4

(b) Definition and list any 4 types of Project team 2+4=6
(c) Explain PEP and PPM(any five valid point each) 5 + 5 = 10
4 (a) Definition of Project dairy and any 2 advantages 2+2=4
(b) Detailed WBS for Republic Day or Any generalized 6
form of WBS
(c) Any 5 resources 1x5=5
(d) Any 5 factors 1x5=5
SECTION-III

5 (a) Naming of The 4 types of Risk Assessment 1x4=4

Techniques
(b) Any 5 reasons for time overrun 1x5=5
(c) List and explain project management life cycle 4+4=8
(d) List any 3 components of Project Planning 1x3=3
6 (a) List any 4 reasons for cost Overrun 1x4=4
(b) Explain different types of Project Risk 1x8=8
 (c) Any 4 Prerequisites for Project Implementation 1x4=4
(d) Sketch (2 marks)+Explanation (2) of Project life 2+2=4
cycle curve

SECTION-IV

Q.No. Question breakup Marks

7 (a) Any 5 points on project evaluation 1x5=5

(b) Any 5 functions of Project Planning 1x5=5

(c) Explain Time estimate(Any five valid points) 5

(d) Develop Gantt chart 1x5=5

8 (a) List any 4 tools in Project Planning 1x4=4

(b) Steps involved in Project review 3x2=6

(c) Explain different types of time estimate 4x2=8

(d) Naming of Any 2 tools available for Project Planning 1 x 2 = 2

SECTION-V

9 (a) Find time estimate and draw network diagram 5 + 5 = 10

(b) Draw network diagram 10
10 (a) Any 4 purpose of Project control 1x4=4
(b) Any 6 applications of CPM 1x6=6
(c) Any 5 objectives of Project audit 1x5=5
(d) Any 5 objectives of Project review 1x5=5

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 SECTION-I
1). (a). Define project and mention any 4 projects you see in daily life. 2+4=6
“A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.”
- Project Management Institute, U.S.A
OR
The Project is a right man for the right work at the right time work plan designed to achieve a
specific goal or objective.
OR
“The project is a specific activity with a specific starting point and a specific ending point,
intended to accomplish a specific objective.”
OR
A project is a temporary, unique and progressive sequence of tasks that must be completed
on time to attain certain out come

OR
Project is a temporary endeavor under taken to create a unique product/ service

OR

A project is a one-shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, require commitment of varied
skills and requirements

Projects seen in our daily life:

Construction projects
Railway project
Highway project
Manufacturing project
Health project
Education project
Software project
Information project
Power Project.
Metro Project
Information technology project etc.
 (b). List the different types of Projects and Explain Normal Project 4½ +1½ =6
i. Normal Project
ii. Crash Project
iii. Disaster Project
Normal Project:
 It is considered as projects completed in given time.
 All the stages in this project are allowed to take their normal time as planned.
 Minimum capital is required.
 No sacrifice in quality.
 Ex. Construction of railway track or path, highway, bridges and dam.

(c). Define internet of things (IOT) 3

Internet of things refers to the process of connecting every day physical objects to the
internet from common household objects like light bulbs to healthcare assets like medical
devices to wearable, smart devices and even smart cities.
(d). Analyze the benefits of AR and VR in Project Management. 5
 Reduces time and money invested in Project
 Reduces errors and facilitates work processes
 Enable fast and remote collaboration
 Facilitates monitoring of projects
 Increase in efficiency and productivity of Projects
 Involves innovation support
 Facilitates to understand large amount of data
 Increase in competitive ability
2). (a). List and explain the types of Project consultants. 2+4=6
 In-house consultants
 Outside consultants

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In-house consultants:
 A separate department in project management organization.
 Looks after work of detailed engineering drawing.
 Preparation of technical specification.
 Office order issued.
 Assigning a job.
 Scheduling the work and time.
Outside consultants:
 When job cannot be done by in-house consultant, then outside consultant is going to
be appointed to carryout the project.

Two types: Indigenous consultant

Foreign consultants
(b). List the characteristics of Project Manager. 4
 Flexible and adaptable to all circumstances.
 Should be a good leader
 Aggressiveness, confidence verbal fluency.
 Good communication skills.
 Able to identify problems ahead.
 Ambition and forcefulness.
 Able to plan and control.
 Willing to make decisions which are acceptable to the team.
 Ability to maintain proper balance in the use of time.
(c). Differentiate between Augmented reality and virtual reality 5
SL. Augmented reality Virtual reality
No.
1 Combination of digital and real world Totally artificial digital world
2 User experience is partially immersed Complete sense of immersion
3 Camera-Enable devices such as Special hardware equipment is
smartphone, tablet, smart glasses are required(Microsoft hololens, HTC vive,
required. Desktop and laptop are not oculus right, google daydream etc.)
suitable.
4 Latest version of common operating Special software is required
systems are good enough(android, IOS,
Windows)
5 Initial cost is lower than VR Initial cost is higher than AR

(d). List the application of AR and VR 5

 Architecture, civil engineering, construction and real estate
 Marketing and sales.
 Education
 Visual industries
 Automation
  Manufacturing
 Health care
 Defence
 Service support
SECTION-II
3. (a). Identify any four advantages of effective team. 4
 Clear objective of the Project.
 Good decision-making process.
 Clear roles, responsibilities and leadership.
 Leadership roles are shared by the team head.
 Trust, co-operation, support and constructive conflict or feedback.
 Ensures smooth progress of the Project without overlapping.
 Individual and mutual accountability for performance results.
(b). Define project team. And list any 4 different types of Project team 2+4=6
A project team is a group of individuals who have specific roles in the project.
 Initial project team
 Designated project leader
 Core project team
 Full project team
 Project advisors
 Project stakeholder
 Process facilitators
(c). Explain project execution plan. (PEP) and project procedure manual (PPM) 5+5=10
Project Procedure Manual (PPM):
 Gives complete picture about the system.
 To guide project manager.
 Prepared to achieve the common goal.
 Preparation starts with each management sub system.
 Instructions for handling the project according to terms of contract.
Project Execution Plan (PEP):
 It is a document used to execute, monitor, and control projects.
 Used to describe the objectives to achieve with time and resources needed along with
cost and quality.
 PEP includes four sub plans
i. Contracting Plan
ii. Working packing plan
iii. Organization Plan
iv. Systems and Procedure plan
4. (a). What is a Project Dairy and its advantages 2+2=4
Project dairy: To maintain a Record of points discussed and decisions taken in date wise
while carrying out project.
Advantages:
 Ensures effective and efficient management.
 Justify the decisions in later dates.
 To defend against non-admissible claims and litigations.
 Helps to follow-up.
 Helps to get relief from the burden of carrying everything in mind.
 Helps to avoid the problem of unattended work due to lack of memory.
(b). Prepare detailed work breakdown structure (WBS) for celebrating Republic Day
In your Polytechnic. 6

Note: Marks to be allotted for generalised work breakdown structure and any other relevant
WBS.
(c). Prepare a list of Project resources needed for construction of residential building 5
 Different categories of workforce-labours, supervisor, construction worker, Engineer,
 Construction equipment’s.
 Building materials such as wood, cement, steel, brick etc.
 Money, funds, loan.
 Land for construction.
(d). What are the factors to be considered while selecting the team members. 5
 Experience in communication.
 Experience in fund raising.
 Experience in budgeting and risk management.
 Skill in developing strategies.
 Knowledge about political, social and economic context.
 Should not be short tempered.
 Should understand the psychology of the team.

SECTION-III
5). (a). List the different types of risk assessment techniques. 4
 Sensitivity Analysis
 Scenario Analysis
 Best and worst Analysis
 Simulation Analysis
b). A Hostel construction project was planned with estimated time duration of 20
months. However, the project took 28 months for its completion. Evaluate the
possible reasons for delay in the project. 5
Reasons for time overrun:
 Poor planning and management.
 Change in project objective or events.
 Delay in start-up, execution and closure.
 Delay in undertaking dependent project stages.
 Poor timetable or follow-up.
 Management or administration failure.
 Interruption from public, politicians and government authorities.
(c). List and explain the different phases of project management lifecycle. 4+4=8
 Initiation
 Planning
 Execution
 Closure or termination
Initiation Phase:
 Study the purpose and scope of project.
 Selection of project team, setting up of a project office for the project.
 A performance review is done at each stage.
Planning Phase:
 Detailed procedure to undertake the project and how to complete the project with
successful deliverables.
 Planning of Resources is done in this phase.
 This phase defines strategic Planning and Implementation Planning
 A performance review is done at each stage.
Execution Phase:
 Executes decisions, actions, procedures, steps, methods that are defined in planning
phase.
 Actual work is done and this involves monitoring and controlling processes.
 Looks for customer/stake holder/sponsors satisfaction.
 A performance review is done at each stage.
Closure Phase:
 Official closure of the project.
 Project outcome is handed over to customer.
 Documents handed over to the Authority.
 Contracts are officially closed.
 A performance review is done at each stage.
(d). List any three components of project Planning 3
 Resource Plan
 Financial Plan
 Quality Plan
 Acceptance Plan
 Communication Plan
 Procurement Plan
 Risk Plan
6). (a). List the reasons of cost overrun. 4
 Unplanned expansion of the project scope.
 Inaccurate initial cost estimation.
 Failures in project performance.
 Errors in project design.
 Improper risk management.
 Wrong choice of equipment.
 Incompetent material supplier.
 Time overruns.
 Improper project team building.
(b). Explain the different types of project risk. 8
Project risk is defined as the possibility of an outcome being different from expected outcome.
Technical Risk: refers to changes in technical specification of the product resulting in loss.
Social Risk: Refers to risk arising from changes in the needs and preferences of customers. Eg.
Lack of natural resources, strike against project.
Economic Risk: refers to an increase in rate of resources, changes in the economic policies of
governments.
Political Risk: Nationalisation or privatisation of a particular industry, political instability and
trade restrictions are the examples of political risk,
The project manager must ensure that the project should not go against the political interest of
the country.
Production Risk: Refers to the shortage of necessary raw materials, break down of machinery,
high installation and maintenance cost.
Marketing Risk: Refer to failure of the developed product or service in the market due to
changes in the market demand.
Financial Risk: Refer to bad debts, change in interest rate, wrong choice of investments.
Human Risk: refers to the sudden demise of key employee, limited availability of skilled
employees etc.
(c). State the prerequisites for any successful project implementation. 4
 Adequate formulation.
 Sound project organisation.
 Proper implementation planning.
 Advance action.
 Timely availability of funds.
 Judicious equipment tendering and procurement.
 Better contract management.
 Effective monitoring.
(d). Explain the neat sketch project life cycle curve. 2 +2=4
The project life cycle phase is a parabolic pattern of indicative of growth, maturity and decline.
This curve helps a project manager to know the state of project at any time of time. The
following figure shows the typical project life cycle curve.

SECTION-IV
7). (a). State the importance of project evaluation 5
 To know the Progress made.
 Effective and efficient use of resources.
 Desired output achieved.
 Improvements to be made for better outcome.
 Success factors.
 Whether the results justify the input etc.
(b). Describe the functions of project planning 5
 Provides a basis for organizing the work on the project.
 Allocates the responsibilities to individuals.
 Means of communication and coordination.
 Gives a sense of urgency and time consciousness.
 Basis for monitoring and controlling.
 It induces the people to look ahead.
(c). Explain time estimate. 5
 Helps to fix the time targets for each activity of the project.
 Helps to complete the project as per time schedule.
 The time estimates for the project using Work done structure.
 Estimates the time schedules for each activity.
 The time estimates for completing the project depends on the factors like work
content, sequence, resources, and constraints.
 Involves the calculation of three time values for each activity of a project and these
are: optimistic time, most likely time and pessimistic time.
(d). Develop the Gantt chart for the given project. 5

8). (a). List the tools used in project planning. 4

The various tools available for project planning are,
1. Gantt Charts
2. Network Techniques
3. Project design
4. Time estimates
(b). Mention the various steps involved in any project review. 6

The various steps involved in any project review are

1. Initial review.
2. Performance evaluation.
3. Abandonment analysis.
4. Behavioural issues in project management.
 5. Administrative aspects of capital budgeting.
6. Evaluating the capital budgeting system of organization.
(c). Explain the different types of time estimate. 2x4=8
 Optimistic time (to): The optimistic time is the time required to complete the
activity if no hurdles or complications arise.
 Most likely time (tm): The most likely time is the time in which the activity is
most likely to be completed. This estimates takes into consideration normal
circumstances, making allowances for some unforeseen delays.
 Pessimistic time (tp): The pessimistic time is the time required if unusual
complications or unforeseen difficulties arise.
 Expected Time (te): Expected time is the mean time that the activity is expected
toconsume while executed.
𝐭𝐨+𝟒𝐭𝐦+𝐭𝐩
te = 𝟔
(d). List any four tools available for project planning. ½ x4=2
1. Gantt Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Flow Charts
4. Time estimates
5. Product design print
6. Network Diagrams
7. CPM – Critical Path Method
8. PERT – Project Evaluation & Review technique.
9. WBS- Work Breakdown Structure
10. Velocity Diagrams
9). (a). Develop the network diagram for the following activities with the corresponding
time estimates. 5x2=10
Activity Time estimate 𝐭𝐨+𝟒𝐭𝐦+𝐭𝐩
e t= 𝟔
to tm tp
1-2 8 12 21 13
1-3 6 12 18 12
2–4 1 1.5 3 2
3-4 4 8 9 8
2-5 10 14 23 15
4-5 2 2 3 3
 (b). Construct a network diagram and find the critical path for a project whose
activities and their predecessor relationship are given below: 10
Activity A B C D E F G H
Predecessor - A A B C C DE FG

Note: if the student writes only network diagram, full marks to be allotted.
If attempted award 50% of the marks and if duration assumed and solved then
full marks to be allotted.

10). (a). State the purpose of project control. 4

1. To control the progress of the activities.
2. To control the performance of the project activities.
3. To control the project schedule.
4. To have the control over the project cost.
5. To have control over the delays in project activities.
6. To motivate project personnel through performance evaluation.
7. To achieve the project goals effectively and efficiently.
(b). Explain the application of critical path method (CPM) in project management. 6
 The CPM is an important tool in Production Planning and scheduling.
 Used for scheduling special projects where relationship between different parts of a
project is more complicated.
 Used for finding out the route for two or more operations or activities and their
relationships.
 Using CPM, Network diagram is analysed.
 CPM finds out the Critical activities in a Project.
 Measures the performance of each activity.
 (c). List the objectives of project audit. 5
1. Creating awareness among the project staff about the problems that are likely to be
encountered in completing the project .
2. Providing a clear picture of the actual status of the project from time to time.
3. Prompt identification of the factors that might cause product quality problems.
4. Prompt identification of the factors that might cause or lead to time and/or cost overruns.
5. Timely spotting the problems that are associated with execution of projects and
suggestions to overcome the problems.
6. Enabling the creation of a good information base for a proper estimation and costing of the
project.
7. Assisting in the establishing of appropriate standards and systems and recommending
suitable work techniques.
8. Identifying the specific training needs with reference to the project tasks.
9. Formalizing the experience and expertise in project management to provide consultancy
services to other enterprises.
(d). List the objectives of project review. 5
1. To examine whether the project is implemented in a specified ways or not.
2. To assess the impact of the project.
3. To examine the project efficiency.
4. To measure the quality of the project.
5. To review the safety aspects followed during the project.
6. To examine the methods, process, procedures followed during the project.
7. To assess the outcome of the project.
NOTE: Similar / Relevant answers are also to be considered to all questions.

Certificate by QP Setter
Certified that the Model answers prepared by me for the paper and paper code: Project
Management Skills - 20PM01T are from prescribed text books and model answers and
scheme of valuation prepared by me are correct.

Signature of Chief Reviewer/ Paper Setter

(SHOBHA K K) SL.GR.Lecturer,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
157- Government Polytechnic, Arakere
Mobile: 9448631164
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