What is personal computer?

A personal computer is a computer small and low cost, which is intended for personal
use (or for use by a small group of individuals). The term “personal computer” is used to
describe desktop computers (desktops). It is often shortened to the acronym PC or
microcomputer, whose meaning in English is “personal computer”. It is a very common
type of machines.
Personal Computer (acronym PC) consists of a central processing unit (CPU)
contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry on an single (IC) integrated
circuit; two types of memory, main memory, such as RAM, and ROM,
magnetic hard disks (HDD) and compact discs and various input/output
devices, including a display screen, keyboard and mouse, modem,
and printer.
Input Devices
Input device enables the user to send data, information, or control signals to a
computer. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer receives the input and
processes it to produce the output.

Some of the popular input devices are:

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Joystick
5. Light Pen
6. Digitizer
7. Microphone
8. Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
9. Optical Character Reader (OCR)
10.Digital Camera
11.Paddle
12.Steering Wheel
13.Gesture recognition devices
14.Light Gun
15.Touch Pad
16.Remote
17.Touch screen
18.VR
19.Webcam
20.Biometric Devices

1) Keyboard
The keyboard is a basic input device that is used to enter data into a computer or
any other electronic device by pressing keys. It has different sets of keys for
letters, numbers, characters, and functions. Keyboards are connected to a
computer through USB or a Bluetooth device for wireless communication.

Types of keyboards: There can be different types of keyboards based on the

region and language used. Some of the common types of keyboards are as follows:

i) QWERTY Keyboard:

It is the most commonly used keyboard with computers in modern times. It is

named after the first six letters of the top row of buttons and is even popular in
countries that do not use Latin-based alphabet. It is so popular that some people
think that it is the only type of keyboard to use with computers as an input device.

ii) AZERTY Keyboard:

It is considered the standard French keyboard. It is developed in France as an

alternative layout to the QWERTY layout and is mainly used in France and other
European countries. Some countries have manufactured their own versions of
AZERTY.

Its name is derived from the first six letters that appear on the top left row of the
keyboard. The Q and W keys in AZERTY keyboard are interchanged with A and Z
keys in QWERTY keyboard. Furthermore, in AZERTY keyboard M key is located to
the left of the L key.

AZERTY keyboard differs from QWERTY keyboard not only in the placement of
letters but also in many other ways, e.g., it gives emphasis on accents, which is
required for writing European languages like French.

iii) DVORAK Keyboard:

This type of keyboard layout was developed to increase the typing speed by
reducing the finger movement while typing. The most frequently used letters are
kept in a home row to improve typing.
2) Mouse
The mouse is a hand-held input device which is used to move cursor or pointer
across the screen. It is designed to be used on a flat surface and generally has left
and right button and a scroll wheel between them. Laptop computers come with a
touchpad that works as a mouse. It lets you control the movement of cursor or
pointer by moving your finger over the touchpad. Some mouse comes with
integrated features such as extra buttons to perform different buttons.

The mouse was invented by Douglas C. Engelbart in 1963. Early mouse had a roller
ball integrated as a movement sensor underneath the device. Modern mouse
devices come with optical technology that controls cursor movements by a visible
or invisible light beam. A mouse is connected to a computer through different ports
depending on the type of computer and type of a mouse.

Common types of the mouse:

i) Trackball Mouse:

It is a stationary input device that has ball mechanism to move the pointer or
cursor on the screen. The ball is half inserted in the device and can be easily rolled
with finger, thumb or the palm to move the pointer on the screen. The device has
sensor to detect the rotation of ball. It remains stationary; you don't need to move
it on the operating surface. So, it is an ideal device if you have limited desk space
as you don't need to move it like a mouse.

ii) Mechanical Mouse:

It has a system of a ball and several rollers to track its movement. It is a corded
type of mouse. A mechanical mouse can be used for high performance. The
drawback is that they tend to get dust into the mechanics and thus require regular
cleaning.

iii) Optical Mouse:

An optical mouse uses optical electronics to track its movement. It is more reliable
than a mechanical mouse and also requires less maintenance. However, its
performance is affected by the surface on which it is operated. Plain non-glossy
mouse mat should be used for best results. The rough surface may cause problems
for the optical recognition system, and the glossy surface may reflect the light
wrongly and thus may cause tracking issues.

iv) Cordless or Wireless Mouse:

As the name suggests, this type of mouse lacks cable and uses wireless technology
such as IrDA (infrared) or radio (Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) to control the movement of the
cursor. It is used to improve the experience of using a mouse. It uses batteries for
its power supply.

3) Scanner
The scanner uses the pictures and pages of text as input. It scans the picture or a
document. The scanned picture or document then converted into a digital format or
file and is displayed on the screen as an output. It uses optical character
recognition techniques to convert images into digital ones. Some of the common
types of scanners are as follows:

Types of Scanner:

i) Flatbed Scanner:

It has a glass pane and a moving optical CIS or CCD array. The light illuminates the
pane, and then the image is placed on the glass pane. The light moves across the
glass pane and scans the document and thus produces its digital copy. You will
need a transparency adapter while scanning transparent slides.

ii) Handheld Scanner:

It is a small manual scanning device which is held by hand and is rolled over a flat
image that is to be scanned. The drawback in using this device is that the hand
should be steady while scanning; otherwise, it may distort the image. One of the
commonly used handheld scanners is the barcode scanner which you would have
seen in shopping stores.

iii) Sheetfed Scanner:

In this scanner, the document is inserted into the slot provided in the scanner. The
main components of this scanner include the sheet-feeder, scanning module, and
calibration sheet. The light does not move in this scanner. Instead, the document
moves through the scanner. It is suitable for scanning single page documents, not
for thick objects like books, magazines, etc.

iv) Drum Scanner:

Drum scanner has a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to scan images. It does not have a
charge-coupled device like a flatbed scanner. The photomultiplier tube is extremely
sensitive to light. The image is placed on a glass tube, and the light moves across
the image, which produces a reflection of the image which is captured by the PMT
and processed. These scanners have high resolution and are suitable for detailed
scans.

v) Photo Scanner:

It is designed to scan photographs. It has high resolution and color depth, which
are required for scanning photographs. Some photo scanners come with in-built
software for cleaning and restoring old photographs.

4) Joystick

A joystick is also a pointing input device like a mouse. It is made up of a stick with
a spherical base. The base is fitted in a socket that allows free movement of the
stick. The movement of stick controls the cursor or pointer on the screen.
The frist joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the U.S. Naval Research
Laboratory. A joystick can be of different types such as displacement joysticks,
finger-operated joysticks, hand operated, isometric joystick, and more. In joystick,
the cursor keeps moving in the direction of the joystick unless it is upright,
whereas, in mouse, the cursor moves only when the mouse moves.

5) Light Pen

A light pen is a computer input device that looks like a pen. The tip of the light pen
contains a light-sensitive detector that enables the user to point to or select objects
on the display screen. Its light sensitive tip detects the object location and sends
the corresponding signals to the CPU. It is not compatible with LCD screens, so it is
not in use today. It also helps you draw on the screen if needed. The first light pen
was invented around 1955 as a part of the Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT).

6) Digitizer

Digitizer is a computer input device that has a flat surface and usually comes with a
stylus. It enables the user to draw images and graphics using the stylus as we draw
on paper with a pencil. The images or graphics drawn on the digitizer appear on the
computer monitor or display screen. The software converts the touch inputs into
lines and can also convert handwritten text to typewritten words.

It can be used to capture handwritten signatures and data or images from taped
papers. Furthermore, it is also used to receive information in the form of drawings
and send output to a CAD (Computer-aided design) application and software
like AutoCAD. Thus, it allows you to convert hand-drawn images into a format
suitable for computer processing.

7) Microphone
The microphone is a computer input device that is used to input the sound. It
receives the sound vibrations and converts them into audio signals or sends to a
recording medium. The audio signals are converted into digital data and stored in
the computer. The microphone also enables the user to telecommunicate with
others. It is also used to add sound to presentations and with webcams for video
conferencing. A microphone can capture audio waves in different ways; accordingly
the three most common types are described below:

i) Dynamic:

It is the most commonly used microphone with a simple design. It has a magnet
which is wrapped by a metal coil and a thin sheet on the front end of the magnet.
The sheet transfers vibrations from sound waves to the coil and from coil to electric
wires which transmit the sound like an electrical signal.

ii) Condenser:

It is designed for audio recording and has a very sensitive and flat frequency
response. It has a front plate called diaphragm and a back plate parallel to the front
plate. When sound hits the diaphragm, it vibrates the diaphragm and alters the
distance between the two plates. The changes in distance are transmitted as
electric signals.

iii) Ribbon:

It is known for its reliability. It has a thin ribbon made of aluminum, duraluminum,
or nanofilm suspended in a magnetic field. The sound waves cause vibrations in the
ribbon, which generate a voltage proportional to the velocity of the vibration. The
voltage is transmitted as an electrical signal. Early ribbon microphones had a
transformer to increase the output voltage, but modern ribbon microphones come
with advanced magnets to produce a strong signal.
8) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

MICR computer input device is designed to read the text printed with magnetic ink.
MICR is a character recognition technology that makes use of special magnetized
ink which is sensitive to magnetic fields. It is widely used in banks to process the
cheques and other organizations where security is a major concern. It can process
three hundred cheques in a minute with hundred-percent accuracy. The details on
the bottom of the cheque (MICR No.) are written with magnetic ink. A laser printer
with MICR toner can be used to print the magnetic ink.

The device reads the details and sends to a computer for processing. A document
printed in magnetic ink is required to pass through a machine which magnetizes the
ink, and the magnetic information is then translated into characters.

9) Optical Character Reader (OCR)

OCR computer input device is designed to convert the scanned images of

handwritten, typed or printed text into digital text. It is widely used in offices and
libraries to convert documents and books into electronic files.

It processes and copies the physical form of a document using a scanner. After
copying the documents, the OCR software converts the documents into a two-color
(black and white), version called bitmap. Then it is analyzed for light and dark
areas, where the dark areas are selected as characters, and the light area is
identified as background. It is widely used to convert hard copy legal or historic
documents into PDFs. The converted documents can be edited if required like we
edit documents created in ms word.

10) Digital camera:

It is a digital device as it captures images and records videos digitally and then
stores them on a memory card. It is provided with an image sensor chip to capture
images, as opposed to film used by traditional cameras. Besides this, a camera that
is connected to your computer can also be called a digital camera.

It has photosensors to record light that enters the camera through the lens. When
the light strikes the photosensors, each of the sensors returns the electrical current,
which is used to create the images.

11) Paddle:

It is a simple input device that is widely used in games. It is a wheel that is held by
hand and looks like a volume knob on a stereo that is used to increase or decrease
the volume. Paddle moves or controls cursor or any other objects in the game in a
back-and-forth motion. It is widely used as an alternative to the joystick. Besides
this, the term paddle also refers to many handheld devices designed to control a
function in an electronic device, computer, etc.

12) Steering wheel:

It is used as an input device in racing video games such as car racing games or in
driving programs as virtual simulators to steer a vehicle. It works like the real
steering wheel by allowing you to take a right or left turn. A steering wheel may be
provided with acceleration and brake pedal devices and a mechanism for shifting
gears. Thus, it makes racing games more adventurous and entertaining.

13) Gesture recognition devices:

These devices take human gestures as input. There are many such devices that
respond to gestures. For example, Kinect is one such device that observes the
movement of a player's body and interprets these movements as inputs to video
games. This feature is also available in certain tablets and smartphones where you
can perform certain tasks such as taking pictures using finger gestures such as
swiping, pinching, etc.

14) Light Gun:

As the name suggests, it is a pointing input device that is designed to point at and
shoot the targets on the screen in a video game, or arcade, etc. The light gun was
used for the first time on the MIT Whirwind computer. When the gun is pointed at
the target on the screen and the trigger is pulled, the screen goes blank for a
fraction of a second. During this moment, the photodiode, which is present in the
barrel, determines where the gun is pointed. For example, shooting ducks in a duck
hunt game.

15) Touchpad:

It is usually found in laptops as a substitute for the mouse. It allows you to move or
control the cursor on the screen using your finger. Just like a mouse, it also has two
buttons for right and left click. Using the touchpad, you can perform all the tasks
that you do with a mouse, such as selecting an object on the screen, copy, paste,
delete, open a file or folder, and more.

16) Remote:

It is a hardware device designed to control the functioning of a device, e.g., a TV

remote that can be used to change channels, increase or decrease the volume,
from a distance without leaving the seat. The first cordless TV remote was invented
by Dr. Robert Adler of Zenith in 1956. The remote sends the electromagnetic waves
to communicate with the device. These waves can be infrared rays, radio waves,
etc.
17) Touch screen:

It is the display screen of a device such as a smartphone, tablet, etc., that allows
users to interact or provide inputs to the device by using their finger. Today, most
of the electronic devices come with touchscreen as an alternative to a mouse for
navigating a graphical user interface. For example, by touching, you can unlock
your phone, open emails, open files, play videos, etc. Besides this, it is used in lots
of devices such as Camera, Car GPS, Fitness machine, etc.

The concept of the touch screen was first introduced and published by E.A. Johnson
in 1965. The first touch screen was developed at the beginning of the 1970s by
CERN engineers Frank Beck and Bent Stumpe.

18) VR:

VR stands for virtual reality. It is an artificial or virtual environment which is

generated by computers. A person can interact with virtual objects of this artificial
environment using some input devices such as headsets, gloves, headphones, etc.
For example, he or she can find himself or herself walking on a beach, watching a
football match, walking in the sky, etc., without actually doing all this.

19) Webcam:

Any camera which is connected to a computer is called a webcam. The in-built

camera provided on a computer can also be considered a webcam. It is an input
device as it can take pictures, and can be used to record videos if required. The
pictures and videos are stored in the computer memory and can be displayed on
the screen if required. Although it works almost the same as the digital camera, it is
different from a digital camera, as it is designed to take compact digital photos that
can be uploaded easily on the webpages and shared with others through the
internet.
20) Biometric Devices:
Biometrics refers to a process in which a person is identified through his or her
biological features such as fingerprints, eye cornea, face structure, etc. It is done
by using biometric devices, which can be of different types based on their scanning
features and abilities, such as:

i) Face Scanner:

It is designed to identify a person by scanning his or her face. It takes the face
measurements of a person. For example, the distance between eyes, nose, and
mouth, etc., accordingly, it confirms the identity of a person. Besides this, it is
smart enough to differentiate between a person's picture and the real person.

ii) Hand Scanner:

The hand of a person can also be used to verify his or her identity as every person
has a unique pattern of veins in the palm, just like fingerprints. This device takes
advantage of this feature; it identifies a person by scanning the palm of his hand. It
uses infrared light to scan veins' patterns and blood flowing in them. Palm is even
more unique than fingerprints.

iii) Fingerprint Scanner:

It scans the fingerprints to identify people or for biometric authentication. This

device is developed, keeping in mind the fact that no two persons in the world can
have the same fingerprints. It is widely used in companies as a fingerprint
attendance system to mark the attendance of employees. This type of scanners
captures the pattern of valleys and ridges found on a finger and store it in the
memory or database. When you press your finger on the given space, it verifies the
identity by using its pattern-matching software.

iv) Retina or Iris Scanner:

It scans the retina or iris of a person's eye to confirm the identity. This device is
more secure than others as it is next to impossible to copy the retina or iris. It
works by mapping the retina's blood vessel patterns of the eye. The blood vessels
of retina absorb light more easily as well as can be identified with appropriate
lighting.

In this scan, a beam of low-energy infrared light falls on the retina through the
scanner's eyepiece. Then, the software captures the network of blood vessels in the
retina and uses it to verify a person's identity.

v) Voice Scanner:

It records the voice of a person and digitizes it to create a distinctive voice print or
template. The voiceprints are stored in the database, and are used to verify the
voice of a person to confirm his or her identity. The person is required to speak in
the normal or same voice that was used to create a voice template. It is not much
reliable as it can be misused using a tape recording.

Output Devices
The output device displays the result of the processing of raw data that is entered
in the computer through an input device. There are a number of output devices that
display output in different ways such as text, images, hard copies, and audio or
video.

Some of the popular output devices are:

1. Monitor
o CRT Monitor
o LCD Monitor
o LED Monitor
o Plasma Monitor
2. Printer
o Impact Printers
A. Character Printers
i. Dot Matrix printers
 ii. Daisy Wheel printers
B. Line printers
i. Drum printers
ii. Chain printers
o Non-impact printers
A. Laser printers
B. Inkjet printers
3. Projector

1) Monitor
The monitor is the display unit or screen of the computer. It is the main output
device that displays the processed data or information as text, images, audio or
video.

The types of monitors are given below.

i) CRT Monitor

CRT monitors are based on the cathode ray tubes. They are like vacuum tubes
which produce images in the form of video signals. Cathode rays tube produces a
beam of electrons through electron guns that strike on the inner phosphorescent
surface of the screen to produce images on the screen. The monitor contains
millions of phosphorus dots of red, green and blue color. These dots start to glow
when struck by electron beams and this phenomenon is called
cathodoluminescence.

The main components of a CRT monitor include the electron gun assembly,
deflection plate assembly, fluorescent screen, glass envelope, and base.The front
(outer surface) of the screen onto which images are produced is called the face
plate. It is made up of fiber optics.

There are three electron beams that strike the screen: red, green, and blue. So, the
colors which you see on the screen are the blends of red, blue and green lights.The
magnetic field guides the beams of electrons. Although LCDs have replaced the CRT
monitors, the CRT monitors are still used by graphics professionals because of their
color quality.
ii) LCD Monitor

The LCD monitor is a flat panel screen that is compact and light-weight as
compared to CRT monitors. It is based on liquid crystal display technology which is
used in the screens of laptops, tablets, smart phones, etc. An LCD screen comprises
two layers of polarized glass with a liquid crystal solution between them. When the
light passes through the first layer, an electric current aligns the liquids crystals.
The aligned liquid crystals allow a varying level of light to pass through the second
layer to create images on the screen.

The LCD screen has a matrix of pixels that display the image on the screen.Old
LCDs had passive-matrix screens in which individual pixels are controlled by
sending a charge. A few electrical charges could be sent each second that made
screens appear blurry when the images moved quickly on the screen.

Modern LCDs use active-matrix technology and contain thin film transistors (TFTs)
with capacitors. This technology allows pixels to retain their charge. So, they don?t
make screen blurry when images move fast on the screen as well as are more
efficient than passive-matrix displays.

iii) LED monitor

The LED monitor is an improved version of an LCD monitor. It also has a flat panel
display and uses liquid crystal display technology like the LCD monitors. The
difference between them lies in the source of light to backlight the display. The LED
monitor has many LED panels, and each panel has several LEDsto backlight the
display, whereas the LCD monitors use cold cathode fluorescent light to backlight
the display.Modern electronic devices such as mobile phones, LED TVs, laptop and
computer screens, etc., use a LED display as it not only produces more brilliance
and greater light intensity but also consumes less power.

iv) Plasma Monitor

The plasma monitor is also a flat panel display that is based on plasma display
technology. It has small tiny cells between two glass panels. These cells contain
mixtures of noble gases and a small amount of mercury. When voltage is applied,
the gas in the cells turns into a plasma and emits ultraviolet light that creates
images on the screen, i.e., the screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma, a
charged gas. Plasma displays are brighter than liquid crystal displays (LCD) and
also offer a wide viewing angle than an LCD.
Plasma monitors provide high resolutions of up to 1920 X 1080, excellent contrast
ratios, wide viewing angle, a high refresh rate and more. Thus, they offer a unique
viewing experience while watching action movies, sports games, and more.

2) Printer
A printer produces hard copies of the processed data. It enables the user, to print
images, text or any other information onto the paper.

Based on the printing mechanism, the printers are of two types: Impact Printers
and Non-impact Printers.

o Impact Printers: They are of two types:

A. Character Printers
i. Dot Matrix printers
ii. Daisy Wheel printers
B. Line printers
i. Drum printers
ii. Chain printers
o Non-impact printers: They are of two types:
A. Laser printers
B. Inkjet printers

Impact Printer
The impact printer uses a hammer or print head to print the character or images
onto the paper. The hammer or print head strikes or presses an ink ribbon against
the paper to print characters and images.

Impact printers are further divided into two types.

A. Character Printers
B. Line printers
A) Character Printers
Character printer prints a single character at a time or with a single stroke of the
print head or hammer. It does not print one line at a time. Dot Matrix printer and
Daisy Wheel printer are character printers. Today, these printers are not in much
use due to their low speed and because only the text can be printed. The character
printers are of two types, which are as follows:

i) Dot Matrix Printer

Dot Matrix Printer is an impact printer. The characters and images printed by it are
the patterns of dots. These patterns are produced by striking the ink soaked ribbon
against the paper with a print head. The print head contains pins that produce a
pattern of dots on the paper to form the individual characters. The print head of a
24 pin dot matrix contains more pins than a 9 pin dot matrix printer, so it produces
more dots which results in better printing of characters. To produce color output,
the black ribbon can be changed with color stripes. The speed of Dot Matrix printers
is around 200-500 characters per second.

ii) Daisy Wheel Printer

Daisy Wheel Printer was invented by David S. Lee at Diablo Data Systems.It
consists of a wheel or disk that has spokes or extensions and looks like a daisy, so
it is named Daisy Wheel printer. At the end of extensions, molded metal characters
are mounted. To print a character the printer rotates the wheel, and when the
desired character is on the print location the hammer hits disk and the extension
hits the ink ribbon against the paper to create the impression. It cannot be used to
print graphics and is often noisy and slow, i.e., the speed is very low around 25-50
characters per second. Due to these drawbacks,these printers have become
obsolete.

B) Line Printers:
Line printer, which is also as a bar printer, prints one line at a time. It is a high-
speed impact printer as it can print 500 to 3000 lines per minute. Drum printer and
chain printer are examples of line printers.

i) Drum Printer:
Drum printer is a line printer that is made of a rotating drum to print characters.
The drum has circular bands of characters on its surface. It has a separate hammer
for each band of characters. When you print, the drum rotates, and when the
desired character comes under the hammer, the hammer strikes the ink ribbon
against the paper to print characters. The drum rotates at a very high speed and
characters are printed by activating the appropriate hammers. Although all the
characters are not printed at a time, they are printed at a very high speed.
Furthermore, it can print only a predefined style as it has a specific set of
characters. These printers are known to be very noisy due to the use of hammering
techniques.

ii) Chain Printer:

Chain printer is a line printer that uses a rotating chain to print characters. The
characters are embossed on the surface of the chain. The chain rotates horizontally
around a set of hammers, for each print location one hammer is provided, i.e., the
total number of hammers is equal to the total number of print positions.

The chain rotates at a very high speed and when the desired character comes at
the print location, the corresponding hammer strikes the page against the ribbon
and character on the chain.They can type 500 to 3000 lines per minute. They are
also noisy due to the hammering action.

Non-Impact Printer:
Non-impact printers don't print characters or images by striking a print head or
hammer on the ink ribbon placed against the paper. They print characters and
images without direct physical contact between the paper and the printing
machinery. These printers can print a complete page at a time, so they are also
known as page printers. The common types of non-impact printers are Laser printer
and Inkjet printer:

i) Laser Printer:

A laser printer is a non-impact printer that uses a laser beam to print the
characters. The laser beam hits the drum, which is a photoreceptor and draws the
image on the drum by altering electrical charges on the drum. The drum then rolls
in toner, and the charged image on the drum picks the toner. The toner is then
printed on the paper using heat and pressure. Once the document is printed, the
drum loses the electric charge,and the remaining toner is collected. The laser
printers use powdered toner for printing instead of liquid ink and produce quality
print objects with a resolution of 600 dots per inch (dpi) or more.
ii) Inkjet Printer:

The inkjet printer is a non-impact printer that prints images and characters by spraying
fine,ionized drops of ink. The print head has tiny nozzles to spray the ink. The printer head
moves back and forth and sprays ionized drops of ink on the paper, which is fed through the
printer. These drops pass through an electric field that guides the ink onto the paper to print
correct images and characters.

An inkjet printer has cartridges that contain ink. Modern inkjet printers are color printers
that have four cartridges containing different colors: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black. It is
capable of printing high-quality images with different colors. It can produce print objects
with a resolution of at least 300 dots per inch (dpi).

3) Projector

A projector is an output device that enables the user to project the output onto a large
surface such as a big screen or wall. It can be connected to a computer and similar devices
to project their output onto a screen. It uses light and lenses to produce magnified texts,
images, and videos. So, it is an ideal output device to give presentations or to teach a large
number of people.

Modern projects (digital projectors) come with multiple input sources such as HDMI ports for
newer equipment and VGA ports that support older devices. Some projectors are designed
to support Wi-Fi and Bluetooth as well. They can be fixed onto the ceiling, placed on a
stand, and more and are frequently used for classroom teaching, giving presentations,
home cinemas, etc.

A digital projector can be of two types:

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) digital projector: This type of digital projectors are very
popular as they are lightweight and provide crisp output. An LCD projector uses
transmissive technology to produce output. It allows the light source, which is a standard
lamp, to pass through the three colored liquid crystal light panels. Some colors pass through
the panels and some are blocked by the panels and thus images are on the screen.

Digital Light Processing (DLP) digital projector: It has a set of tiny mirrors, a separate
mirror for each pixel of the image and thus provide high-quality images. These projectors
are mostly used in theatres as they fulfill the requirement of high-quality video output.
https://www.javatpoint.com/operating-system