INTENSIVE HOLIDAYS REVISION

F3 PHYSCIS TOPIC BY TOPIC

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 1. LINEAR MOTION
1.a) Distinguish between the terms ‘uniform velocity’ and ‘uniform acceleration’
b) The figure below shows a section of a ticker tape. The dots were made at a frequency of 50 Hz.
Determine the acceleration of the trolley pulling the tape

c) The graph below shows a part of the motion of a basket ball which is projected vertically upwards
from the ground and is allowed to bounce on the ground
2. One end of a metal rod is heated in a flame. After some time the other end becomes hot.
Explain this observation
3. A bullet of mass 150g moving at an initial velocity of 80m/s strikes a suspended block of mass 2.5kg

3.(a)The block swings from point A to B. Determine the vertical displacement between A and B
. (b) What observations are you likely to observe on the block after collision
4.The diagram below shows a velocity – time graph of a certain motion.

From the graph, determine the average speed of the body.

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 5. The diagram below shows a ball being whirled in a vertical plane.

(a) Sketch on the same diagram, the path followed by the ball if the string cuts when the ball is at
position shown in the diagram.
6. The figure below
6. The figure shows
below a circuit
shows diagram
a circuit forfor
diagram controlling temperature
controlling of aofroom.
temperature a room.

(i) Explain the purpose of the strip.

(i) Explain the purpose of the strip.
(ii) Describe how the circuit controls the temperature when the switch S is closed.
7. The figure 5 below shows a uniform bar of length 1.0m pivoted near one end. The bar is kept in
equilibrium by a spring balance as shown:

Given that the reading of the spring balance is 0.6N, determine the reaction force at the pivot
8. The figure 8 shows the motion of a train over a section of track which includes a sharp bend

(a) The section of the track with the sharp bend has a maximum speed restriction. The train decelerates
approaching the bend so that at the start of the bend, it has just reached the maximum speed allowed.

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 The train is driven around the bend at the maximum speed allowed and accelerates immediately on
leaving the bend. Calculate the length of the bend

(b) The train has to slow down to go round the bend. Calculate the deceleration
(c) As the train is driven round the bend, there is an extra force acting, called the centripetal force.
(i) On the figure 9 below, draw an arrow to show the direction of this force

figure 9
(ii) State the effect that this force has on the motion
(iii) State how this force is provided
(d) Figure 10 below shows a car with a dummy driver before and after a collision test:

The mass of the dummy driver is 90kg. The impact time to reduce the dummy’s speed from 45ms-1
to zero is 1.2 seconds:
(i) Calculate the average force on the dummy during impact
(ii) State the main energy transformation during the collision
(iii) Calculate how much of the dummy’s energy is transformed during the collision
9.(a) The velocity-time graph in the figure below illustrates the motion of a ball which has been
projected vertically upwards from the surface of the moon. The weight of the object on earth’s
surface is 20N, when the acceleration due to gravity is 10ms-2.
(i) State why the velocity becomes negative after 3seconds.
(ii) Determine the acceleration of free fall on the moon showing clearly your work
(iii) Determine the total distance travelled by the ball in 5.0sec
(iv) Find the weight of the ball on the moon
(v) If the ball was projected vertically upwards on the earth with the same velocity. What
difference would you expect to observe in the velocity-time graph above. Illustrate with a
sketch on the same axis
(b) The figure below represents part of a tape pulled through a ticker-timer of frequency 50Hz moving
down an inclined plane.If the trolley was allowed to move down the inclined plane for 4 seconds,
calculate the distance it covers
10.(a) State Boyle’s law
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 (b) The volume of a bubble at the base of a container of water is 3cm3. The depth of water is 30cm.
The bubble rises up the column until the surface ;
(i) Explain what happens to the bubble as it rises up the water column
(ii) Determine the volume of the bubble at a point 5cm below the water surface
(c) A faulty thermometer records 11oC instead of 0oC and 98oC instead of 100oC. Determine the
reading on the thermometer when dipped in liquid at a temperature of 56oC

11.Figure 9 is a velocity- time graph describing the motion of a particle

Fig. 9
What does the shaded area represent?

12.a) State Newton’s first law of motion

b) A parcel is to be dropped from an aeroplane traveling horizontally at 120ms-1, at an altitude of
720m, to fall into a certain village.
Determine:
i) The time taken for the parcel to reach the ground
ii) How far ahead of the plane, the village should be when the parcel is released
c) A small stone, M1of mass 20g is attached to a string which in turn is passed through a smooth thin
cylinder. The other end of the string is tied to mass M2. The mass M1 is whirled in a horizontal circle
of radius 1m and mass M2 remains stationary as shown in figure 10
i) State two forces acting on the system other than the tension in the thread on M2
ii) Explain the observation made on mass M2 if the speed of M1, is increased
iii) Calculate the velocity of M1, if the mass M2 is 50g and the radius of the circle is 1m

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13. (a) Define uniform velocity
(b) The graph figure 10 below shows displacement –time graph of a in motion

(i) Determine the instanteous velocities at t = 1second and at t = 4 seconds

(ii) Use the results in (b)(i) above to determine the acceleration of the body
14. A ball of mass 100g is kicked horizontally from the top of a cliff. If the ball takes 4 seconds to hit the
ground, determine the height of the cliff
15. A ball is kicked vertically upward from the ground with a velocity of 60m/s and reaches a maximum
height (h), it then falls freely back to the ground and bounces upwards to a height of 5M
(a) Sketch a velocity-time graph to represent the motion of the ball from the time it is kicked
vertically upwards until it bounces to a height of 5M
(b) Determine:
(i) the time taken by the ball to reach the maximum height(h)
(ii) The maximum height (h) reached by the ball
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 (iii) The velocity with which it bounces after striking the ground for the first time
(c) State any assumption made in your calculations in (b) above
16. In an experiment on momentum, trolley P of mass 800g was attached to a ticker timer of frequency
50Hz. Trolley P, initially moving with a velocity of 0.5m/s, was made to collide with a stationary
trolley Q of mass 400g. A copy of the tape as it appeared after the collision is presented in the figure
below:-
(a) Determine the velocity of the trolley P after collision
(b) Calculate the impulsive force experienced by trolley P
(c) State the type of collision
17.I. (a) State the three equations of linear motion.
(b) A car is traveling uniformly at 100km/hr when the driver observes a road block ahead.
He takes 0.5 s before applying the brakes which brings the car to rest with a uniform deceleration
of 4m/s2. Determine the distance traveled by the car from the time the driver observed the road
block until the car comes to rest.
(c) A car moves at a constant speed of 20ms-1 for 50s and then accelerates uniformly to a speed of
25ms-1 over a period of 10s. This speed is maintained for 50 s before the car is brought to rest with
uniform deceleration in 15s.
(d) Draw a graph of velocity (Y – axis) against time (graph paper to be availed)
(II) Calculate:
(i) The average speed for the whole journey.
(ii) The acceleration when the velocity changes from 20 ms-1 to 25ms-1 m, show that v2=2as +u2
18. Sketch a velocity-time graph for a body moving with zero acceleration

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 2. NEWTON’S LAW
1.(a) State Newton’s first law of motion
(b) Distinguish between elastic collision and inelastic collision
(c) A minibus of mass 2000kg traveling at a constant velocity of 36km/h collides with a stationary car
of mass 1000kg. The impact takes 2 seconds before the two move together at a constant velocity
for 20 seconds. Calculate:
(i) The common velocity
(ii) The distance moved after impact
(iii) The impulse force
(iv) The change in kinetic energy
2. State Newton’s second law of motion
3. State the law of inertia
4. A footballer kicks a ball of 600g initially at rest using a force of 900N. If the foot was in contact with
the ball for 0.1sec. What was the take off speed of the ball?
5. State Newton’s third law of motion
6. (a) State Newton’s second law of motion
(b) The figure below shows two mini buses A and B at a speed of 40m/s and 20m/s
respectively moving in opposite directions. They collided head on

Determine the common speed of the vehicles if they stuck to each other

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 3. WORK, POWER, ENERGY & MACHINES
1. (a) An electric motor is used to raise a mass of 1.5 kg through a vertical height of 1.2 m. The load is
raised at a steady speed.

(i) Calculate the increase in gravitational potential energy of the load when it is raised through 1.2 m.
The gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
(ii) The time taken to raise the load is 4.0 s.
Calculate the power output of the electric motor as it raises the load.
(iii)The input power to the motor as it raises the load is 30W. Calculate the efficiency of the motor.

(b) Suggest a reason why the power given out by the motor is less than the power put in.

2. (a) Two friends are calculating the power needed to climb some steps. The girl measures how long
the boy takes to run up the steps shown in the diagram.

2.5 m

(i) The value of g is 10 N/kg. The mass of the boy is 50 kg.

Calculate his weight.

(ii) The vertical height of the steps is 2.5 m.
How much work did the boy do in climbing the steps?
(iii) It took the boy 5 seconds to run up the steps. Using work done

power =
time taken

Calculate the power developed by the boy as he ran up the steps.

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(b) The girl then tried the experiment and took 3 seconds to run up the steps.
Her weight is the same as the boy’s.
Was her power output more or less than his?
Explain how you decided.
3. (a) A car is travelling along a straight flat road at 30 m/s.
(i) What type of energy does it have?
(ii)When the brakes are applied the car is brought to a stop. What has happened to the
energy it had whilst moving?
(b)The car starts going up a hill. The driver notices that the speed of the car begins to decrease. He has
not applied the brakes or altered the setting on the accelerator.

Explain in terms of energy why the car’s speed begins to decrease.

(c) When the driver brakes, the distance needed to stop the car moving at 30 m/s up a hill is less than
the distance on a flat road.

Explain why.
(d)A journey involving a lot of speeding up and slowing down uses more petrol than one where the
speed remains fairly constant.

Explain this in terms of energy.

4. The diagram shows a small electric motor being used to lift a weight of 1.3 N.

The power input to the motor from the supply is 0.6 W.

d.c. power motor

supply

1.3 N

(a) The gravitational potential energy of the weight increases by 1.04 J in 4 s.

(i) Calculate the rate at which the weight gains gravitational potential energy.
(ii) Calculate the height through which the weight is lifted in 4 s.
State the equation you use in your calculation.
(iii) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.
(b)(i) The raised weight is held in place whilst the power supply is disconnected and a small lamp is
connected across the output to the motor. The weight is released and the lamp lights.

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 Explain this with reference to the diagram of the motor.
(ii) The brightness of the lamp is observed to increase as the weight falls.
Explain this.
5. The diagram shows a ball of mass 0.2 kg held 1.5 m above the ground.

(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the ball.

Assume that the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
(b) State the value of the kinetic energy of the ball just as it reaches the ground.
(c) Show that just as the ball reaches the ground it has a speed of approximately 5.5 m/s.
6. In an athletics competition, Tim competes in the pole vault.

The table shows how Tim’s velocity changes during his run up.
Velocity (m/s) 0 2.8 5.0 6.8 8.0 8.6 8.6

Time (s) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

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 (a) (i) Draw a graph of his velocity against time.

(ii) Use your graph to find his velocity at 3.5 seconds.

(b) Tim weighs 750 N.

Calculate the work Tim would need to do to raise his body 4.0 m vertically. State the unit in your answer.

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 4. GAS LAWS
1.(a) State Boyle’s law
(b) A column of air 5cm is trapped by mercury thread of 10cm as shown in the figure below.
If the tube is laid horizontally as shown in (b), calculate the new length of trapped air
(atmospheric pressure =75.0cmHg and density of mercury = 13600kgm-3)
(c) Explain why:
(i) It is difficult to remove the lid from a preserving jar which was closed when the
(ii) A force pump must be used instead of a lift pump to raise water from a deep well over 10m

2. The figure below shows a simple set up for pressure law apparatus:-

a) Describe how the apparatus may be used to verify pressure law

b) The graph in the figure below shows the relationship between the pressure and temperaturefor a
fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant volume
i) Given that the relationship between pressure, P and temperature, T in Kelvin is of the
form
P = kT + C
Where k and C are constants, determine from the graph, values of k and C
ii) Why would it be possible for pressure of the gas to be reduced to zero in practice?
c) A gas is put into a container of fixed volume at a pressure of 2.1 x 105. Nm-2 and temperature
27°C. The gas is then heated to a temperature of 327°C.
Determine the new pressure

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3.(a) State Boyle’s law
(b) The volume of a bubble at the base of a container of water is 3cm3. The depth of water is 30cm.
The bubble rises up the column until the surface ;
(i) Explain what happens to the bubble as it rises up the water column
(ii) Determine the volume of the bubble at a point 5cm below the water surface
(c) A faulty thermometer records 11oC instead of 0oC and 98oC instead of 100oC. Determine the
reading on the thermometer when dipped in liquid at a temperature of 56oC

4.(a) State Boyles law

Some students carried out an experiment to verify Boyle’s law and recorded their results as shown
in the table below:-
Pressure KN/ M2 400 320 160 180
Volume (m3) 2.0 2.5 5.0 10.0
1
/V (mm-3)
(b) (i) Complete the table
(ii) Plot a graph of pressure against 1/volume
(c) Determine the gradient for the graph and state its units
(d) A sample of gas has a pressure of 1.0 x 105Pa when its temperature is 10oC.
What will be its pressure if its temperature is raised to 100oC and its volume doubled
5.(a) State: (i) Boyle’s Law
(ii) Charles’ Law.
(b) A form three student carried out an experiment on one of the gas law. She obtained the following results.
Temperature (0c) 10 35 60 80 90 110
Volume V(cm3) 5 5.8 6.4 7.0 7.2 7.8
(i) Plot a graph of volume V against temperature.
(ii) From the graph, determine the volume of the gas at 0oc.
(iii) Determine the slope of the graph.
(iv) The equation of the line obtained is of the form V = kT + c. What is the value of k and c?

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 5. WAVES
1. A double-slit interference experiment is set up using coherent red light as illustrated in Fig. 5.1.

The separation of the slits is 0.86 mm.

The distance of the screen from the double slit is 2.4 m.
A series of light and dark fringes is observed on the screen.
(a) State what is meant by coherent light.[1m]
(b) Estimate the separation of the dark fringes on the screen. [3m]
Separation = ..........................................mm
(c) Initially, the light passing through each slit has the same intensity.
The intensity of light passing through one slit is now reduced.
Suggest and explain the effect, if any, on the dark fringes observed on the screen.

2. (a) Define refractive index.

(b) In a certain medium, the speed of light of a particular frequency is 2.1 x 108 m s-1. Calculate the
refractive index of the medium for this frequency.

(c) With reference to your answer in (b), describe what is meant by optical dispersion.

3. (i) Outline the conditions necessary for the formation of a standing (stationary) wave.

(ii) A horizontal tube, closed at one end, has some fine powder sprinkled along its length. A source S
of sound is placed at the open end of the tube, as shown below.
heap of powder
source S

The frequency of the source S is varied. Explain why, at a particular frequency, the powder is
seen to form small equally-spaced heaps in the tube.

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 (iii) The mean separation of the heaps of powder in (b)(ii) is 9.3 cm when the frequency of the source
S is 1800 Hz. Calculate the speed of sound in the tube.

(c) The experiment in (b)(ii) is repeated on a day when the temperature of the air in the tube is higher.
The mean separation of the heaps is observed to have increased for the same frequency
of the source S. Deduce qualitatively the effect, if any, of temperature rise on the speed of the sound
in the tube.

4. The diagram below shows an arrangement (not to scale) for observing the interference pattern
produced by the superposition of two light waves.

S1
monochromatic
light source S O

S2

single slit

double slit Screen

S1 and S2 are two very narrow slits. The single slit S ensures that the light leaving the slits S1 and S2 is
coherent.

(i) Define coherent.

(ii) Explain why the slits S1 and S2 need to be very narrow.

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 6. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1. The diagrams show four arrangements of resistors.
Which arrangement has the smallest total resistance?

2. The potential divider shown is connected across a constant 12 V supply.

When R has a value of 20 Ħ, the voltmeter readings are equal.

How do these readings change when the value of R is reduced to 10 Ħ?

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3. A circuit contains two resistors connected in parallel with a battery.

Which of the following statements about the currents at P, Q and R is true? A. The current at P is the
greatest.
B. The current at Q is the greatest.
C. The current at R is the greatest.
D. The current is the same at points P, Q and R.

4. The reading on the ammeter in the circuit is 1.0 A.

A second ammeter is connected in the circuit. It also reads 1.0 A. At which labelled point is it
connected?

5. Distinguish between the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell and the potential difference (p.d.) across
a resistor.
6. Three resistors are connected in series across a 75-V potential difference. R1 is 170Ω and R2 is 190Ω.
The potential difference across R3 is 21 V.
a. Find the current in the circuit. [2m]
b. Find the resistance of R3.[1m]

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7. A cell has electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r. It is connected in series with a
variable resistor R, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

(a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).

(b) The variable resistor R has resistance X. Show that;

(c) The variation with resistance X of the power PR dissipated in R is shown in Fig. 6.2.

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 (i) Use Fig. 6.2 to state, for maximum power dissipation in resistor R, the magnitude of this
power and the resistance of R.

Maximum power = ................................................. W

Resistance = ................................................. Ω

[2] (ii) The cell has e.m.f. 1.5 V.

Use your answers in (i) to calculate the internal resistance of the cell.

internal resistance = ........................................... Ω [3]

(d) In Fig. 6.2, it can be seen that, for larger values of X, the power dissipation decreases. Use the
relationship in (b) to suggest one advantage, despite the lower power output, of using the cell
in a circuit where the resistance X is larger than the internal resistance of the cell.

8. A car battery has an internal resistance of 0.060 Ω. It is re-charged using a battery charger having an
e.m.f. of 14 V and an internal resistance of 0.10 Ω, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

(a) At the beginning of the re-charging process, the current in the circuit is 42 A and the e.m.f. of the
battery is E (measured in volts). (i) For the circuit of Fig. 6.1, state
1. the magnitude of the total resistance,
Resistance = ............................................. Ω
2. the total e.m.f. in the circuit. Give your answer in terms of E.

e.m.f. = .............................................. V
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[2] (ii) Use your answers to (i) and data from the question to determine the e.m.f. of the car battery at the
beginning of the re-charging process.

e.m.f. = ...............................................V [2]

(b) For the majority of the charging time of the car battery, the e.m.f. of the car battery is 12 V and the
charging current is 12.5 A. The battery is charged at this current for 4.0 hours.
Calculate, for this charging time,
(i) The charge that passes through the battery,

Charge = ..............................................C [2] (ii) The energy supplied from the battery charger,

Energy = ...............................................J [2] (iii) the total energy dissipated in the internal resistance of
the battery charger and the car battery. energy = ...............................................J [2] (c) Use your answers
in (b) to calculate the percentage efficiency of transfer of energy from the battery charger to stored
energy in the car battery.
efficiency = ..............................................% [2]

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 7. ELECTROSTATICS II

1. Which diagram below best represents the electric field pattern between a positively charged
conducting sphere and an earthed metal plate?
A. B.

C. D.

(1)

2. Two pairs of uncharged parallel plates are placed in a vacuum and are connected as shown.
plate X plate Y

A negative charge of magnitude q is placed on plate X. Plate Y is connected to earth. Which one of the
following diagrams shows the distribution of charge on the plates?
A. X Y B. X Y

–q +q –q +q

+q –q
+q
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 C. X Y D. X

–q +q –q –q Y

(1)

3. Which of the following is the correct value of the electronvolt, measured in SI Units?

A 1.6 x 10–19 N

B 1.6 x 10–19 J

C 9.1 x 10–31 N

D 9.1 x 10–31 J

4. Two identical spherical conductors X and Y are mounted on insulated stands. X carries a charge of
+8.0 nC and Y carries a charge of –2.0 nC.

+8.0 nC –2.0nC

conductor X insulated stands conductor Y

The two conductors are brought into contact and are then separated. Which of the following gives the
charge on each conductor?

Charge on X Charge on Y
0.0 nC 0.0 nC
A B. C.
D. +8.0 nC –2.0 nC
+5.0 nC +5.0 nC
+3.0 nC +3.0 nC

5. A 2.0 µF capacitor is charged to a potential difference (p.d.) of 50 V and a 3.0 µF capacitor is charged
to a p.d. of 100 V.

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 Calculate the charge on the plates of each capacitor. Write your answers in the table below.
Capacitor 2.0 µF 3.0 µF
P.d. 50 V 100 V
Charge
(2)

The capacitors are then joined together in parallel with their positive plates connected together.

+ +
2.0 F V 3.0 F

What is the equivalent capacitance of this combination?

...........................................................................................

Equivalent capacitance = ........................... µF (1)

[Total 3m]

6. A 3.0 mF and a 5.0 mF capacitor are connected in series with a 12 V battery.

a. Find the equivalent capacitance.

b. Find the charge on each capacitor.

c. Find the potential drop (or voltage) across each capacitor. 3m

7. This 8.0 µF 6.0 µF and 5.0 µF capacitors are connected in series. Calculate the total capacitance for
this arrangement.

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 8. QUANTITY OF HEAT
1.(a) Define the term specific heat capacity.
(b) A block of metal of mass 300g at 1000c is dropped into a logged calorimeter of heat capacity
40Jk-1, containing 200g of water at 200c. The temperature of the resulting mixture is 340c.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4200Jkg-1k-1)
Determine:
(i) Heat gained by calorimeter.
(ii) Heat gained by water.
(iii) Heat lost by the metal block.
(iv) Specific heat capacity of the metal block.
2.(a) State two differences between boiling and evaporation.
(b) 200g of a solid was uniformly heated by a 0.2 kw heater for sometime. The graph in the figure
below shows how the temperature of the solid changed with time
(i) Explain what is happening between OA and AB.
(ii) Calculate the specific heat capacity of the solid.
(iii) Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion k of the solid.
3.(a) Define the term heat capacity
(b) A block of metal of mass 150g at 100oC is dropped into a logged calorimeter of heat capacity
40Jk-1 containing 100g of water at 25oC. The temperature of the resulting mixture is 34oC.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/KgK)
Determine;-
(i) Heat gained by calorimeter
(ii) Heat gained by water
(iii) Heat lost by the metal block
(iv) Specific heat capacity of the metal block
4.(a) Distinguish between evaporation and boiling
(b) A jet delivering 0.44g of dry steam per second, at 100oC is directed on to crushed ice at 0.0oC
contained in an unlagged copper can which has a hole in the base. 4.44g of water at 0.0oC flow out
of the hole per second
(i) How many joules of heat are given out per second by condensing steam and cooling to
0.0oC of water formed?(Latent heat of vaporization of steam = 2.26 x 106JKg-1, c for
water = 4200JKg-1K-1)
(ii) How much heat is taken in per second by the ice which melts?
(iii) Suggest why these amounts above are different

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(c) Figure 7 below shows a cross-section of a vacuum flask

(i) Name the parts labelled A and B on the diagram

(ii) Explain how the heat losses are minimized when hot liquid is poured into the flask

5. (a) Figure 2 shows two identical thermometers. Thermometer A has a blackened bulb while
thermometer B has a silvery bulb. A candle is placed equidistant between the two thermometers
State with a reason the observations made after some time
(b) Figure 3 shows a test tube partially filled with water. An ice wrapped in wire gauze is placed at
the bottom of the test-tube. It is then held in the flame of a bunsen burner as shown below

fig. 3

State and explain what will be observed after some time

6. Give any two differences between evaporation and boiling
7. Explain why steel feels colder than wood at the same temperature
8. An electric heater 1KW 240V is used to raise the temperature of a 5kg copper block from 15oC to
33oC. If the specific heat capacity of copper is 400JKg-1K-1 and assuming no heat is lost to the
surrounding,
Calculate the time taken

9.(a) Define specific latent heat of fusion

(b) 0.5kg of naphthalene contained in an aluminium can of mass 0.4kg is melted in a water
bath and raised to a temperature of 100oC . Calculate the total heat given out when the can and its
contents are allowed to cool to room temperature, 20oC . Neglect losses by evaporation during
heating process and give your answer to the nearest kilojoule.
(For naphthalene melting point = 80oC , Specific heat capacity for both liquid and solid =2100J/KgK;
specific latent heat of fusion = 170000J/Kg.
For aluminium: specific heat capacity = 900J/Kgk

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 (c) Briefly explain two ways other than direct heating by which quantity of liquid may be made to
evaporate more quickly
(d) The diagram below shows a charcoal refrigerator

(i) Explain why charcoal is used and why it is sprinkled with water
(ii) What is the role of the metallic tank and the wire mesh

10. An electric kettle with a shinny outer surface would be more efficient than one with a dull outer
surface. Give a reason for this

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 Page 29 of 29
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