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CH1 Information Representation AS QP
A level Computer science notes
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1 www.RocketRevise.com (a) State one difference between a kibibyte and a kilobyte. (b) Give the number of bytes in a mebibyte. (©) (Complete the following binary addition. Show your working. 10011010 #11110111 (ii) Describe the error that occurred when you added the binary numbers in part (c)(i). 1 (1) 2] (d) Complete the binary subtraction. Show your working, 01100111 -0014 www.RocketRevise.com (2) ia}www.RocketRevise.com ‘Anya scans an image into her computer for a school project. (a) The scanned image is a bitmapped image. (i) Complete the following table to describe the two terms about graphics. Term Description Pixel File header i} The image is scanned with an image resolution of 1024 x 512 pixels, and a colour depth of 8 bits per pixel. Calculate an estimate for the file size, giving your answer in mebibytes. Show your working. Working .. Answer . mebibytes 8 (b) The image is compressed using lossless compression. Identify one method of lossless compression that can be used to compress the image and describe how the method will reduce the file size. Lossless compression method Description .. OF www.RocketRevise.com() www.RocketRevise.com One of the colours used in the image has the hexadecimal colour code: #PC238A FC is the amount of red, 23 is the amount of green and 8a is the amount of blue in the colour. (i) Convert the hexadecimal code Fc into denary. (t] ) The amount of green in binary is 007100011. This has the denary number 1.5 added to it to create a second colour. ‘Add the denary number 15 to the binary number 00100011 and give your answer in binary. Perform the addition in binary. Show your working. Working Answer (in binary) 8) (iii) Hexadecimal 23 in two's complement representation is 00100011. The denary number 10 neads to be subtracted from this value. Subtract the denary number 10 from the two's complement representation 00100011. Give your answer in binary. Show your working Working ... Answer (in binary)... (31 [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 6 —Acomputer uses the ASCII character set (a) State the number of characters that can be represented by the ASCII character set and the extended ASCII character set. ASCII... Extended ASCII 2] (b) Explain how a word such as ‘HOUSE’ is represented by the ASCII character set. rl (c) Unicode is a different character set. ‘The Unicode value for the character ‘1’ is denary value 49. (i) Write the hexadecimal value for the Unicode character 1" a) (li) Write the denary value for the Unicode character ‘5’ a www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (a) Draw one line from each binary value to its equivalent (same) value on the right Binary value ee 1 kibibyte Bbits 1 gigabyte 8000 bits 1 byte 1000 kilobytes oo 1 kilobyte 1024 mebibytes 1 gibibyte 8192 bits 1 megabyte 1 mebibyte (51 (b) ())_ Perform the following binary addition. Show your working 10101010 + 00110111 2 (ii) State how an overflow can occur when adding two binary integers, a (c) Convert the hexadecimal value FO into denary. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com Bobby is recording a sound file for his schoo! project. (a) He repeats the recording of the sound several times, with a different sample rate each time. (i) Describe the reasons why the sound is closer to the original when a higher sample rate is used. a) (ii) Describe the reasons why the sound file size increases when a higher sample rate is used. ie) (b) Bobby wants to email the sound file to his school email address. He compresses the file before sending the email. (i) Explain the reasons why Bobby compresses the sound file. i} I) Bobby uses lossless compression. Describe how lossless compression can compress the sound file. (2) www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 4 Aregister stores the following binary number: rfafeofelalilfol: (a) The binary value in the register represents an unsigned binary integer. Convert the unsigned binary integer into denary. a (b) The binary value in the register represents a two's complement binary integer. Convert the two's complement binary integer into denary. tM (c) The binary value in the register represents a hexadecimal number. Convert the binary number into hexadecimal. - (1 (d) State why the value in the register cannot be interpreted as a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD). a) (e) The binary contents of two registers are’ Register? 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 Register2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 (i) Add the contents of Register 1 and Register 2. Show your working. Answer . (2) www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) Subtract the contents of Register 2 from the contents of Register 1. Show your working. ANSWER oo “el [Turn over www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 5 Riya has created the following logo as a vector graphic. (a) Complete the table by writing @ description of each vector graphic term and give an example for this logo. Term Description Example from logo Property Drawing list (4) (b) Riya takes a photograph using a digital camera, The photograph is stored as a bitmap image. Describe two differences between a vector graphic and a bitmap image. 1. i) www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) Riya needs to email the photograph. She compresses the photograph before sending it using an email Describe two lossy methods that Riya can use to compress the image. Method 1 .... Method 2 .. (4) [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.com1 www.RocketRevise.com Computers store data in binary form. (a) State the difference between a tebibyte and a terabyte, (1) (b) Convert the signed denary value -100 into an 8-bit two's complement binary integer. Working Answer a (c) Convert the denary number 251 into hexadecimal. Show your working, Working Answer 2] (d) Add the following unsigned binary integers. 01010000 +00111110 a www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (a) Draw one line from each image representation term to its correct definition, Term Definition Pixel The number of pixels wide by the number of pixels high Bit depth The smallest identifiable component of an image LC Racket RE Stores data about the image file, e.g. file Image resolution format, number of bits per pixel, fle size The number of bits used to represent each File header le header colour (31 (b) The following section of bitmap image is 10 pixels wide and 5 pixels high. In this example, each colour is represented by a letter, e.g. B is blue. B B/B B B B/B B B|B | yoyl|Pp yo yoy|Ppoyioyi|y R o/|R Pp P P|R R_RIR The complete image can have up to 256 colours. (i) Identify the smallest number of bits that can be used to represent each colour in the complete bitmap image. (1 www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) Calculate an estimate for the file size of the section of the bitmap image shown, giving your answer in bytes. Use your answer from part (b)(i). Show your working. Working .... Answer... bytes fe (c) Describe how changing the colour depth of an image affects its file size ie} (d)_ The first row of pixels in the image from part (b) is shown: Explain how this row of pixels can be compressed using lossless compression. (21 [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 1 Text and numbers are examples of data stored in a computer. (a) Acharacter set is used to represent characters in a computer. (i) Describe what is meant by a character set. (2) (li) Identify two character sets and state one difference between them, Character set 1 Character set 2 scan Difference ... “a ) Describe how lossless compression can be used to reduce the file size of a text file. ie} (iv) Explain why lossy compression should not be used on a text file. sonnei ssnnnnnnnnininnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnbared [2] www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (b) A computer can represent numerical data in different forms. Complete the table by writing the answer to each statement. Statement Answer The hexadecimal value 11 represented in denary The smallest denary number that can be represented by an unsigned 8-bit binary integer ‘The denary number 87 represented in Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) The denary number 240 represented in hexadecimal The denary number ~20 represented in 8-bit two's ‘complement binary (5) Working space [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (a) (i) Convert the unsigned binary integer into denary, 00100111 Answer (1 (ii) Convert the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) into denary. 00100111 ANSWED oo oennnnnnnnnnmnnnnnniniinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnnnnee [Af (ili) Convert the 8-bit two's complement binary integer into denary. 11100111 Answer 4 tt (b) Perform the following binary subtraction, Show your working. (2) www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (c)_ Give one similarity and two differences between the ASCII and Unicode character sets. Similarity Difference 1 Difference 2 {3} (d) Sound samples are recorded and saved in a file, State what is meant by sampling rate. 0] Explain the effect of increasing the sampling resolution on the sound file, (2) [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comfa) (i) (il) (iii) www.RocketRevise.com Convert the two's complement binary integer into denary. 10010110 ANSWEF sosnsntnnnnnsnnnnie ti Convert the unsigned binary integer into hexadecimal. 10010110 ANSWOF oo ssnsnsnnnnninsennnnneninaien a Convert the unsigned binary integer into Binary Coded Decimal (BCD). Show your working. 10010101 Working Answer. (21 (b) Perform the following binary addition. 10001100 +01000110 mM [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 8 per pixel. The following bitmap image has a resolution of 4096 « 4096 pixels and a colour depth of 24 bits The Image is displayed on a monitor that has a screen resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. (a) Tick (7) one box in each row to identify the effect of each action on the image file size js Increases the Action file size Decreases the file size No change to the file size Change the colour depth of the image file to 16 bits per pixel. Change the screen resolution to 1366 * 768 pixels Change the colour of the rectangle from black to red. (2) (b) State two benefits of creating a vector graphic instead of a bitmap image, 1 www.RocketRevise.com (2) [Turn overwww.RocketRevise.com (c)_Asecond bitmap image is stored using a colour depth of 8 bits per pixel. The file is compressed using run-length encoding (RLE). (i) The table shows the compressed and uncompressed values for parts of the image file. Each colour of the pixel in the image is represented by a hexadecimal value. Complete the table. The first row has been completed for you. Uncompressed image RLE compressed image EA Fl Fl F2 F2 F2 EA LEA 2F1 3£2 1EA 2AB 2EF 11D 167 32 32 80 81 81 2) (ii) RLE is an example of lossless compression. Explain why lossless compression is more appropriate than lossy compression for a text file one sone sostnnennnnsenn . 2 www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com 1 Adigital audio message needs to be recorded. (a) Tick (v) one box in each row to identify the effect of each action on the accuracy of the recording. Accuracy | Accuracy Accuracy does Action increases decreases. not change Change the sampling rate from 40kHz to 60kHz. Change the duration of the recording from 20 minutes to 40 minutes. Change the sampling resolution from 24 bits to 16 bits. (2 (b) The audio message is recorded with a sampling rate of SOkHz and a sampling resolution of 16 bits. The recording is 20 minutes in length. Calculate the file size of the recording, Give your answer in megabytes and show your working, Working ..... ANSWER oo nssnnmnnnnninneennns MEGADYLES (21 () Acomputer uses a buffer when playing the audio message. Explain the purpose of a buffer in a computer system using one other example. io [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (a) (i) Convert the unsigned binary value into hexadecimal 10010011 Answer a (ii) Convert the unsigned binary value into denary. 10010011 ANSWEF ooo fo} (b) State two benefits of using Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) to represent values. Benefit 1 Benefit 2 a [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com Images are being created to advertise holidays. ‘Some of the images are bitmap images and some are vector graphics. (a) Complete the table by defining the image terms. Term Definition Drawing list Pixel Colour depth (3) (b) The bitmap images are photographs of the holiday locations (i) Colour depth and image resolution are both included in the file header of a bitmap image. Identify two other items that could be included in the file header of each photograph. 1. (2) www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) One of the photographs has a bit depth of 8 bytes and an image resolution of 1500 pixels wide and 3000 pixels high, Calculate the file size of the photograph in megabytes. Show your working, Working ... File SiZ0 oo. MB (2) (c) The photographs are compressed before they are uploaded to a web server. Customers download the photographs from this web server. (i) Explain the reasons why compressing the photographs will benefit the customers. 3) (ii) An image can be compressed using run-length encoding (RLE). Explain the reasons why RLE may not reduce the file size of a bitmap image. Give one example in your answer. (3) [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com ‘computer has an Operating System (OS). (a) Describe how the Operating System manages the peripheral hardware devices of the computer. 1 (b) Hardware management is one key management task carried out by the Operating System Identify two other key management tasks carried out by the Operating System. 1 2 vesaen 2 (c)_ The Operating System has utility software including defragmentation software Explain how defragmentation can improve the performance of the computer. 2B) (d) The computer stores data in binary form, (i) State the difference between a kibibyte and a kilobyte. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) Convert the denary number 964 into Binary Coded Decimal (BCD). a Convert the positive binary integer 11110010 into hexadecimal. 1a) (iv) Give the smallest and largest two's complement binary number that can be represented using 8 bits Smallest... Largest ... a fa (v) Add the following two binary integers using binary addition. Show your working 10110000 +00011011 (2) (vi) Show the result of a 3-place right logical shift on the binary number: 11001100 (1 [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com Data in a computer is stored in binary form. (a) State the number of unique binary values that can be represented in 16 bits. (b) Give the 8-bit one's complement representation of the denary number ~120. ‘Show your working. Working ANSWER occ ssnninennsnninnnnnnnninnnnninaannninnsnnnn nena a (c) Convert the hexadecimal number A04 into denary. ‘Show your working. Working Answer ... a (d) Show the result of a 2-place left logical shift on the binary number: 01001111 ia [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.com3 www.RocketRevise.com ‘A mobile telephone is used to record a video. (a) The mobile telephone has a touchscreen. There are different types of touchscreen Complete the description of the principal operation of touchscreens. A touchscreen has two layers. When the user touches the screen, the layers touch and a .... is completed. A touchscreen has several layers. When the top layer is touched, there is a in the electric current, A microprocessor identifies the ... .. of the touch. 5] (b) The mobile telephone uses a built-in digital camera to record the video. The digital camera automatically focuses on the faces of people. Explain how Artificial Intelligence (Al) is used by the camera to automatically focus on the faces of people. (31 (c)_ The video includes a sound recording. (i) Describe how sound is represented in a computer. 8] [Turn over. www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com (ii) Assecond video is recorded. The sound in the second video needs to be more precise. Explain the reasons why increasing the sampling rate and the sampling resolution will improve the precision of the second recording. Sampling rate ‘Sampling resolution... (4 www.RocketRevise.comwww.RocketRevise.com Acomputer stores data in binary form. (a) Draw one line from each description to its matching denary value. Description Denary value 27 127 The smallest integer that can be represented in 8-bit two's complement. 255 128 ‘The largest integer that can be represented in 8-bit two's complement. 256 y 256 The largest unsigned integer that can be represented in 8 bits. | LJ 128 255 & (b) The computer has a Control Unit (CU), system clock and control bus. Explain how the CU, system clock and control bus operate to transfer data between the components of the computer system. ~ (4) www.RocketRevise.com
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