a1 Collection and Organisation of Data (Mean, Median and Mode) INTRODUCTION The present-day society is information-oriented, In : form of numerical figures called dats, Various fields, we need information in the These data may be related to the profits of a company durt 1 fe wages earned by workers in a factory, the marks obtained by tee ew Sears the monthly n S by the students of a class in a certain examination, the expendititre on various heads in a five-year plan, ele, SOME DEFINITIONS ata A collection of numerical figures giving some particular type of information ts called data. Eanplet The heights (in cm) of 11 players in a school are: 155, 148, 161, 144, 159, 152, 147, 163, 156, 150, 165. ‘We call it the data related to the heights of 11 players in a school. famle2_ The marks obtained by 10 pupils in a class test (out of 50) are: 42, 12, 23, 08, 46, 34, 18, 29, 45, 37. We call it the data related to the marks obtained by 10 pupils in a class test. Raw data Data obtained in the origirial form is called raw data. Data given in each of the above examples is a raw data. Array Arranging the numerical figures of a data in ascending or descending order is called an array. Tabulation of data Arranging the data in a systematic form in the form of a table ts called tabulation of the data. Observation ach numerical figure in a data ts called an observation. Frequency of an observation The number of times a particular observation occurs is called tts frequency. Staristics it ts the subject that deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. 259260 ‘Mathematics for Class 7 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES EXAMPLES. Glven below Is the data showing the number of children in 20 famities of a locality: 8. 1, 3, 2,2, 2,0, 3, 4, 2, 1,3, 2.4 1, 2, 2,3, 1,3, Arrange the data in ascending order and then prepare a frequency table, Solution Arranging the data in ascending order, we get 0,1, 1.1, 1,2, 2,2, 2,2, 2, 2,3, 3, 3, 3, 3,3, 4,4. For counting purpose we use tally marks. After 4 tally marks, we count the 5th one by putting a cross as ||]. Thus, we count in sets of fives. Now, we may prepare the frequency table of the given data, as shown below. Number of children] Tally marks | Number of families (Frequency) o | 1 1 HL = 2 1 I Z, 3 LHL 6 4 Ul 2 EXAMPLE2, Given below are the heights (in cm) of 16 girls in a class: 154, 150, 152, 154, 154, 150, 148, 152, 152, 152, 154, 150, 152, 154, 152, 152. Arrange the data in ascending order and prepare the frequency table. Solution Arranging the given data in ascending order, we get 148, 150, 150, 150, 152, 152, 152, 152, 152, 152, 152, 154, 154, 154, 154, 154. We may now prepare the frequency table as shown below. Height (in cm), Tally marks Number of girls (Frequency) 148 | 1 150 HH 3 152 L111 7 154 LH 5 MEAN OF UNGROUPED DATA ‘The mean of some given observations is defined as sum of the given observations mean = ———=——>—__———_ see number of the given observations EXAMPLE, Find the mean of the numbers 7.6, 6.8, 8.5, 9.4, 5.9, 6.4, 9.1 and 4.7. Solution Sum of the given numbers =(76+68+85+94+59+4+64+9.1+4.7)= 58.4. Number of the given numbers = 8. sum of the given numbers number of the given numbers 58.4 aay 278. Hence, the mean of the given numbers is 7.3. mean =5 Collection and Organisation of Data (Moan, Median and Mode) aoe a The pocket-expenses of Rahul during a week are pun % 15.40, € 18.00, & 16.50, & 14.75, % 12.60 and ® 17.25. Find his mean pockel-expenses per day. on =m of the pocket-expenses sat! = € (15.40 + 18.00 + 16.50 + 14.75 + 12,60 + 17.25) = % 94.50. ‘Total number of days = 6. mean pocket-expenses = (lal Pockel-expenses, total number of days 4. =e (5 per day = @ 15.75 per day. Hence, the mean pocket-expenses of Rahul are % 15.75 per day. The heights of 7 players in a group are IANPLES. 175 cm, 158 cm, 180 cm, 164 cm, 182 cm, 160 cm and 171 cm. Find their mean height. outon Sum of the heights of the given players = (175 + 158 + 180 + 164 + 182 + 160 + 171) cm = 1190 cm. Number of the given players = 7. rucan height = SU ofthe heights of the given players number of players = 1190 om = 170 em. Hence, the mean height of the given players is 170 cm. MEAN OF TABULATED DATA Let the frequencies of n observations x1, X2. X91---1 Xn DE Sis Sar Sar» Sn Fespectively. Then, we define: Sexi t So Xatet Sn Xn) BS Xx) (Lit SottSn) ho ‘where E (called sigma) is the Greek letter showing summation. mean = SUNPLES, The following table shows the weights of 12 workers in a factory: Weight (in kg) 60 63 66 69 72 No. of workers | 4 3 2 2 1 Find the mean weight. Solution For calculating the mean, we prepare the table given below: Weight (in kg) | No. of workers (xx) (x) (fo 60 4 240 63 3 189) 66 2 132 69 2 138) 72 1 72 Efi xx) =771262, Mathomaties for Class 7 771 — = 64,250 ky, ia Ké = 6 ts ! mea wotght = = Hence, the mean welfht 1s 64.250 kg, EXAMPLET, The following table shows {he number of misprints tn varlous pages of yy containing 800 pages: ok No. of misprints (per page)| 0. 1 2 3 4 5 | No. of pages 154 | 95 | 36 | 7 | 6 | 2 Find the mean misprints per page. | Solution For calculating the mean, we prepare the table given below: No. of misprints per page No. of pages (Si %x) | (ey) (So : ° 154 ° 1 95 95 2 36 72 3 7 21 4 6 24 5 2 10 ¥f, = 300 Elf X x1) = 222 LS, XX) mean misprints per page = =——=074. ) Hence, the mean misprints per page = 0.74. EXAMPLES. If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 8, find the value of p. Vartable(x,) | 3 5 7 9 iL 13 Frequency (f,)| 6 8 15, P 8 4 Solution For calculating the mean, we prepare the table given below: Variable Frequency (fcXxi) te) (fo 3 6 18 5 8 40 7 15 105 9 P Sp 11 8 88 13 4 52 Ye =(41+p) Cf, xx,) =(803 +9p)} (303 +9p) a (41+ p)FS eexe n. 12, 13, 14, 263 3039p _ 2 “alep © > 803+9p) = (328 8p) = p=(828~-303) = 25, Hence, p = 25. EXERCISE 214, pefine the terms: () Data (it) Raw data a‘! Tabulation of data (y) oF (itt) Array oH Statistics ) Observations (vi) Frequency of an observation ‘Adie was thrown 20 times and the followin, 5,2, 1,3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 2, 2,4, 5,5, 6, 2, Petey were recorded: arrange the above data in ascending order and pre pare the frequency table. ‘The daily wages (in 8) of 15 workers in a fact " 400, 360, 300, 30 ctory are given below: 0, 260, 360, 360, 400, 300, 260, 360, 360, 400, 300, 360. Arrange the above data in ascending order and prepare the frequency table. ite the data given below in ascendin, wn e. 7. Tora! 8,9, 7, 10,5, 7,6, siatatias Eratareng fae deena Pillin the blanks: (@) Data means information in the form of... figures. (ii) Data obtained in the ...... form ts called raw data. (ii) Arranging the numerical figures in ascending or descending order is called an ...... - Gv) The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its ... (v) Arranging the data in the form of a table is called ...... of data Find the mean of first five natural numbers. Find the mean of first six odd natural numbers. Find the mean of first seven even natural numbers. Find the mean of first five prime numbers. Find the mean of first six multiples of 5. The following table shows the weights (in kg) of 15 workers in a factory: Weight (in kg) 60 63 66 72 75 Number of workers 4 5 3 1 2 Calculate the mean weight. ‘The daily wages (in rupees) of 60 workers in a factory are given below: Daily wages (in %) 280 300 320 360 380 Number of workers 14 16 15 7 8 Find the mean daily wages. ‘The heights (in cm) of 90 plants in a garden are given below: Height (in cm) 58 60 62 64 66 74 Number of plants 20 25 15 8 12 10 Find the mean height. ‘The ages (in years) of 50 players of a school are given below: Age (in years) 14 15 16 17 18 Number of players 15 14 10 8 3 Find the mean age.‘Mathematics for Class 7 264 15. The heights (in cm) of 40 boys were measured and recorded as under: Height (in cm) 165 170 175 160 ‘Number of boys 9 8 iL 2 Find the mean height. MEDIAN OF UNGROUPED DATA MEDIAN After arranging the given data in ascending or descending order of magnitude, the value of the middle-most observation ts called the median of the data, Method for Finding the Median of an Ungrouped Data Arrange the data in increasing or decreasing order of magnitude. Let the total number of observations be n. Case1 When n is odd: Median = value of Sin +th observation. Case2 — Whennis even: Median = i (5) observation + G +1 Jen observation} SOLVED EXAMPLES EXAMPLE1, The runs scored by 11 members of a cricket team are 25, 39, 53, 18, 65, 72, 0, 46, 31, 08, 34. Find the median score. Solution Arranging the number of runs in ascending order, we have: 0, 08, 18, 25, 31, 34, 39, 46, 53, 65, 72. Here n =11, which is odd. median score = value of } 011 +Uth term = value of 6th term = 34. Hence, the median score is a EXAMPLE2. ‘The weights of 10 students (in kg) are 40, 52, 34, 47, 31, 35, 48, 41, 44, 38. Find the median weight. Solution Arranging the weights in ascending order, we have: 31, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 44, 47, 48, 52. Here n = 10, which is even. 1 1 median weight = 5 (2) term + (P 41 J term = ; {5th term + 6th term} aa 81 = {40+ 41} kg = kg = 40.5 kg. Hence, median weight = 40.5 kg.r veo eno xarle ‘solution EXAMPLE 4 Solution Collection and Organisation of Data (Mean, Median and Mode) oF DISCRETE SERIES 265 First arrange the terms in ascending or descending order. Now, prepare a cumulative frequency table. Let the total frequency be N. (i) If'N is odd, then median = size of| —*~ 2 (4) IfN is even, then 1 median = — Find the median for N+1 fh item. N N size of | — a : aI { ( th item + size of a oa item} the following frequency distribution: Marks obtained (x,) | 17 | 20 | 22 | 15 | 30 25 Number of students(f,)| 5 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 10 6 Arranging the terms in ascending order, we have: Marks obtained (x,) 15 | 17 | 20 | 22 | 25 30 | Number of students Go| 3 | 5 | 9] 4] 6 10 Now, preparing the cumulative frequency table, we have: Marks obtained (x,) |Number of students (f,)| Cumulative frequency. 15 3 3 17 5 8 20 9 17 22 4 21 25 6 27 30 10 37 Total number of terms = 37, which is odd. median of marks = marks obtained (FS : \a student = marks obtained by 19th student = 22. (Note that each one of 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st gets 22 marks} Hence, median of marks = 22. Find the median for the following frequency distribution: Ee 6 10 12 7 15 ii 4 2 8 13 10 Arranging the terms in ascending order, we get: x 3 6 7 10 12 15 ii 3 4 13 2 8 10266 ‘Mathematics for Claas 7 eney La ot: Now, preparing the cumulative frequency table, we Bet Vane Frequency (f,) | Cumulative frequency 3 3 be 6 4 a 7 13 20 10 2 z2 12 8 30 15 10 40 Number of terms, N = 40. : a alue of (~ +1 \th term Median = 5 -}{ value of 5th term |+| value of | 1. {value of 20th term) + (value of 21st term)} 2 (7 +10) value of 20th term is 7, value of each one of 21st and 22nd term is 10 = 85. Hence, median = 8.5. EXERCISE 21B 1. Find the median of: (i) 3,11, 7, 2,5, 9, 9, 2, 10 (ii) 9, 25, 18, 15, 6, 16, 8, 22, 21 (iii) 21, 15, 6, 25, 18, 13, 20, 9, 16, 8, 22 2. Find the median of: (i) 10, 32, 17, 19, 21, 22, 9, 35 (if) 55, 60, 35, 51, 29, 63, 72, 91, 85, 82 3. Find the median of first 15 odd numbers. 4. Find the median of first 10 even numbers. 5. Find the median of first 50 whole numbers. Hint, First 50 whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 49. ‘The marks of 15 students (out of 50) in an examination are 20, 22, 26, 31, 40, 19, 17, 19, 25, 29, 23, 17, 24, 21, 35. Find the median marks, 7. The ages (in years) of 10 teachers in a school are 34, 37, 53, 46, 52, 43, 31, 36, 40, 50, Find the median age.Collection and Organis, ation of Data (Mean, Median and Mode) a find the median Weight for the following data, 8 Y 6 9 7 4 2 «, calculate he median for the following datas Marks 17 | 20 | 29 15 | 30 | 25 Number of students 5 9 4 3 10 6 yo. The hi weignt nko) | 45 [45 [ a | oop are Number of boys| Fi eights (in cm) of 50 students of a class are given below: Height (in cm) 156 | 154 | 155 | 151 | 157 | 152 | 153 Number of students | 8 4 10 6 7 3 12 Find the median height. MODE EXAMPLE 1. Solution EXAMPLE 2 Solution ! MODE OF UNGROUPED DATA Mode is the value of the variable which occurs most frequently. Given below is the number of pairs of shoes of different sizes sold in a day by the owner of a shop. Size of shoe 1}/2]/3}4/s]/6]7]s8lo Number of pairs sold} 1 | 2 | 2/3 |4]5]3]|7 | 2 What is the modal shoe-size? Since the sale of size 8 is maximum, so the modal shoe-size is 8. The marks obtained by 11 students of a class in a test are given below: 23, 2, 15, 38, 21, 19, 23, 23, 26, 34, 23. Find the modal marks. Arranging the given marks in ascending order, we get 2, 15, 19, 21, 23, 23, 23, 23, 26, 34, 38. Clearly, 23 occurs maximum number of times. Hence, modal marks = 23. EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR CALCULATING MODE We use the formula: Mode = 3(Median) - 2(Mean). EXAMPLE 3, Calculate the mean and median for the following data: | Marks zo | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 20 | Number ofstudents| 3 | 5 | 4 | 5] 2]3 | 2] 41 Using empirical formula, calculate its mode.268 ss ‘Mathematics for Class 7 Solution EXANPLE 4. Solution We may prepare the table given below: Marks | Number of students | Cumulative frequency | (f, xx, (xi) So 10 3 3 30 i 5 8 55 12 4 12 48 13 5 17 65 14 2 19 28 16 3 22 48 19 2 24 38 20 1 25 20 Nao =25 Ef. Xx,) =339 Here, N = Ef, = 25, which is odd. 1 median = size o( je item = size os 2m item size of 13th item marks obtained by 13th student =13 [each one of the students from 13th to 17th gets 13 marks}, Thus, median = 13. qr ES. Xx) _ 382 _ 13 98, xh 25 mode = 3(median) ~ 2(mean) = (3x 13) - (2x 13.28) = (89 - 26.56) Thus, median = 13, mean = 13.28 and mode = 12.44. Also, mean = Find the mean and median of the following data: Weight (in kg) 42 | 47 | 52 | 57 | 62 | 67 | 72 Number of persons |_3 8 6 8 {1 | 5 9 Using empirical formula, calculate its mode. We may prepare the table given below: ‘Weight (in kg) | Number of persons | Cumulative frequency (Sixx) Ge) (So 42 3 3 47 8 un 52 6 17 57 8 25 62 11 36 67 5 41 72 9 50 N=3f, =50 Here, N = 3f, = 50, which is even.Collection and Organisation of Data (Mean, Median and Mode) 1 N median = > fs orsth tom] [see of (S sa)eh vem J 2 {(size of 25th item) + (size of 26th item)} vie wie (57 +62) kg = G x119) kg = 59.5 kg. BU. xx,) _ 2935 mean = = kg = 58.7 kg. 7 Bo KE = 58.7 kg, mode = 3 (median) ~ 2(mean) = {(8x59.5) ~ (2 x58.7)} kg = 61.1 kg, Hence, median = 59.5 kg, mean = 58.7 kg and mode = 61.1 kg, EXERCISE 21C . Find the mode of the data: (i) 10, 8, 4, 7, 8, 11, 15, 8, 6,8 (ii) 27, 23, 39, 18, 27, 21, 27, 27, 40, 36, 27 . The ages (in years) of 11 cricket players are given below: 28, 34, $2, 41, 36, 32, 32, 38, 32, 40, 31 Find the mode of the ages. . Daily wages of 45 workers in a factory are given below: 269 Daily wages {in'2) 300 375 450 525, 600 Number of workers 6 8 9 12 10 Find the median and the mean. Using empirical formula, calculate its mode. . The following table shows the marks obtained by 41 students of a class. Marks obtained 15 17 20 22 25 30 Number of students 2 5 10 12 8 4 Find the median and mean marks. Using empirical formula, calculate its mode. . The following table shows the weight of 12 players: Weight (in kg) 48 50 52 54 58 Number of players 4 3 2 2 1 Find the median and mean weights. Using empirical formula, calculate its mode.