SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (648)

Ajwa-Nimeta Road, Bakrol, Ta.:

Waghodia, Vadodara - 390019
Contact :(91)-9909976831, 02668-267000
www.sigma.ac.in

PROJECT REPORT ON

SOLAR AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT

Submitted By:

MAHUDAWALA MAHIR (236488309005)

MULE NISHIT (236488309007)
SHAIKH FAIZAN (236488309013)
GHANCHI AFZAL (236488309003)

GUID
HOD:
ED
Mr.SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI Mrs. RASIKA LINGE
 SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (648)

Certificate
This is to certify that
MAHUDAWALA MAHIRMAHEDI SAJIDHUSHEN

Of Sigma Institute of Engineering (648) college having

Enrollment no: 236488309005 have completed Final Project

Report having title Solar Automatic Street Light in a group

consisting of 3 persons under the guidance of Faculty Guide Mr.

Subhagsinh Solanki.

Institute Guide – UDP

Head of Department
Mr.SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI
Mrs.RASIKA LINGE

DATE: DATE:
 SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (648)

Certificate
This is to certify that
MULE NISHIT . G.

Of Sigma Institute of Engineering (648) college having

Enrollment no: 236488309007 have completed Final Project

Report having title Solar Automatic Street Light in a
group

consisting of 3 persons under the guidance of Faculty Guide

Mr.Subhagsinh Solanki.

Institute Guide – UDP

Head of Department
Mr.SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI
Mrs.RASIKA LINGE

DATE: DATE
 SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (648)

Certificate
This is to certify that
SHAIKH FAIZAN SAJIDBHAI

Of Sigma Institute of Engineering (648) college having

Enrollment no: 216480309011 have completed Final Project

Report having title Solar Automatic Street Light in a
group

consisting of 4 persons under the guidance of Faculty Guide Mr.

Subhagsinh Solanki.

Institute Guide – UDP Head of Department

Mr.SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI Mrs.RASIKA LINGE

DATE: DATE:
 Certificate
This is to certify that
ANIKET PARMAR, NAYAN CHAVDA,PREET PATEL,KIRIT SOLANKI

Of Sigma Institute of Engineering (648) college

having Enrollment no: 206480309018, 216480309010 ,

216480309011,226488309015 h ave completed Final Project

Report having title Solar Automatic Street Light in a
group

consisting of 4 persons under the guidance of Faculty Guide

Mr.Subhagsinh Solanki.

Institute Guide – UDP Head of Department

Mr.SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI Mrs.RASIKA LINGE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely Thankful to SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING (648) for

giving the source and support in this project.

We had taken help and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve our greatest
gratitude to our Dean Dr. JAYESHKUMAR PATEL. We would like to show
our gratitude to our HOD Mrs.RASIKA LINGE for giving us a good guideline for our
project throughout the year. We would also like to expand our deepest gratitude to Mr.
SUBHAGSINH SOLANKI and all our faculties who have directly and indirectly guided us in
this project.

Many persons, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made valuable
comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our project.
We also thank you our parents for their support.
 ABSTRACT

 In this project we use waste materials for generate electricity we show in this project
one electricity generating zaar box when we have waste materials like plastic, paper
and other.

 Then we burn that materials in zaar box and when burning start then heat going to
heating penal then heating penal convert the heat into electricity.

 Then we store that electricity in battery and use that electricity for bulb glowing and
many others work.

 This is live working idea for generate electricity by plastic and waste materials.

 In this project when electricity start storing that time output power supply off because
we use heating sensor so when electricity store perfect then heating sensor turn on the
output power supply and LED bulb start glowing and we can show that time live
working of generate electricity by waste materials.
 INDEX

SR. NO CONTENT PAGE. NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 WORKING PRINCIPLE 2

3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 4

5 ABOUTCOMPONATS 5

6 TROUBLE SHOOTING 13

7 PROJECT MODEL 14

8 COSTING 15

9 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 16

10 APPLICATION 17

11 CONCLUSION 18

12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 19
 INTRODUCTION

Solar automatic street lights represent a transformative advancement

in urban and rural infrastructure, harnessing the power of the sun to

provide efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective public lighting

solutions. These systems integrate photovoltaic panels that capture

sunlight during the day and convert it into electrical energy, which is

stored in batteries for use after dark. Equipped with sensors, these

street lights automatically turn on at dusk and off at dawn, ensuring

optimal energy use without manual intervention. The utilization of

LED technology in these lights not only enhances illumination but also

significantly reduces energy consumption and maintenance costs. By

mitigating reliance on grid electricity and minimizing carbon

footprints, solar automatic street lights contribute to environmental

conservation and energy security, making them an essential

component of smart city initiatives and rural development projects

worldwide.

1
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
1. Daytime Operation:

• Solar Panel:- During the day, solar panels absorb sunlight convert
it into DC electricity.
• Battery Charging:- The generated electricity is directed to the
battery through a charge controller, which ensures efficient
charging and prevents overcharging.

2. Nightime Operation:

• LDR Sensor Detection:- The LDR sensor continuously monitors

the ambient light levels. As it gets dark, the resistance of the LDR
increases.
• Control Circuit Activation:- When the resistance of the LDR
reaches a certain threshold (indicating low light levels), the control
circuit gets activated.
• LED Illumination:- The control circuit switches on the LED street
light using the stored energy from the battery, providing
illumination throughout the night.

3. Morning Operations:
• LDR Sensor Detection:- In the morning, as light levels increase, the
resistance of the LDR decreases.
• Control Circuit Deactivation:- When the light levels reach a certain
threshold, the control circuit turns off the LED street light,
conserving the battery power for the next night.

2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig. LDR CONTROL CIRCUIT

3
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. Block Diagram Of Automatic Solar Street Light

4
 ABOUT COMPONENTS

Solar Panel
9V Battery

Battery holder

3.7V Chargeable cell

LED

LDR
1K Resistance

Transistor BC547

Buzzer (optional)

Battery cap

Zero PCB

Sleave

Copper wire

5
 SOLAR PANEL
Solar panel energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a
range of technologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal
energy (including solar water heating), and solar panel architecture.
It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar panel or active solar panel depending on how
they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar panel power.
Active solar panel techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated
solar panel power, and solar water heating to harness the energy.
Passive solar panel techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal mass or light- dispersing properties, and
designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

6
 9V Battery
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that
supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts.
Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery
chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and capacities are
manufactured a very common size is known as PP3, introduced
for early transistor radios.
The 9V battery is used in many different applications. 9 volt
batteries can frequently be seen used in radios, smoke alarms,
wall clocks, walkie-talkies, portable electronics, and much more.
Direct current voltage is what comes out of batteries.
The battery is at 9V, and it pretty much keeps that voltage
constant, until it dies. The chemical reactions inside the battery
creates DC voltage. Electronic circuits really like DC voltage.

7
 3.7v Chargeable cell
3.7 V 1200 Mah Original Rechargeable Power Lithium ionBattery Cell use
for LED Light Bluetooth.
3.7V is the voltage of ternary lithium batteries, not all lithium batteries are the
same voltage, lithium ironphosphate is 3.2V.
General lithium cobalt oxide, ternary positive electrode with graphite anode
can obtain a full charge voltage of about 4.2V, while lithium iron
phosphate can only reach 3.6V.
About 18650 3.7v li-ion battery, it can last about 2-5 hours on high mode.
The nominal voltage of the lithium ion battery is 3.7v, the charging cut-
off voltage is 4.2v, the nominal voltageof the lithium iron phosphate
battery is 3.2V, The charging cut-off voltage is 3.6v, the capacity is
usually1200mAh-3350mAh, and the common capacity is2200mAh-
2600mAh
.

8
 Transistor BC547
The BC547 is a NPN transistor meaning when power is applied to the
base (control pin) it will flow from the collector to the emitter.
Typically NPN transistors are used to “switch ground” on a device,
meaning, they are placed after the load in a circuit.
BC547 is usually used for current amplifier, quick switching and pulse-
width modulation (PWM).
Therefore, if you need to control the speed of a motor or actuator in
some of your projects, you can simply use thistransistor to achieve it.
All members of the BC5xx line, including the BC547, are NTN
silicon transistors. They look like anelongated jellyfish, with 3
prongs to carry current anda base to coordinate current flow
through the prongs.
Depending on the BC5xx line variant, these prongscan be bent or
straight.

9
 1K Resistor
1K resistors used for 1K resistors are electronic components
that are used to reduce the flow of electric current in a
circuit.
They are passive components that are designed to resist the
flow of current, and they are often used to limit the current in
a circuit to protect other components from damage.
1K is also low enough in current it is compatible with any size
LED (around 10 mA) over the DCC track voltages you will
encounter.
Do not be surprised if the LEDs is to bright. To reduce the
brightness try high value such as 2K or more. It is visually
subjective and hence the final value of the resistor will be too.
1k resistor color code of 4 band resistor is brown - black
- red - [Tolerance]. 1k ohm resistor Color Code 5 band
(namely 1000 ohm resistor color code 5 band) is
brown - black - black - brown - [Tolerance].

10
 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits

light when current flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in
the form of photons.
The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the
photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to
cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained
by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting
phosphor on the semiconductor device.
LEDs work on the principle of Electroluminescence. On passing
a current through the diode, minority charge carriers and majority
charge carriers recombine at the junction. On recombination,
energy is released in the form of photons.
LEDs are increasingly common in street lights, parking garage
lighting, walkway and other outdoor area lighting, refrigerated
case lighting, modular lighting, and task lighting.

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 LDR

A photoresistor is a passive component that decreases resistance

with respect to receiving luminosity on the component's sensitive
surface.
The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increase in
incident light intensity in other words, it photoconductivity.
A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a type of passive electronic
sensor used to detect light.
It's made up of two conductors separated by an insulator which
becomes more conducting when exposed to high levels of light
intensity, forming a variable resistor in the circuit.
What is the use of the LDR Sensor? Explanation: An LDR Sensor
is used to measure the light intensity of the space surrounding it.
Similar variations of these kinds of sensors are used in phones
which allow manufacturers to turn off the screen when you place
your phone to your ear during a call.

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TROUBLE SHOOTING

13
14
 COSTING

NO MATERIAL PRICE QUANTITY TOTAL

1 Solar Panel 80 6 480

2 9V Battery 25 2 50
3 Battery Holder 45 2 90
4 3.7V Chargeable Cell 70 4 280
5 LED 2 12 24
6 LDR 8 6 48
7 1K Resistance 2 12 24
8 Transistor 2 12 24
9 Battery Cap 5 7 35
10 Zero PCB 20 4 80
11 Wire 50(1m) 3m 150
12 Sleeve 10(1m) 2m 20
13 Switch 10 1 10
14 Thermocol Sheets 30 2 60
15 Chart Paper 20 3 60
16 Artificial Plant 10 7 70
17 Car 40 1 40
18 Tap 25 1 25
19 White Glue 10 3 30
20 Two Side Tap 30 2 60

TOLAL PRICE 1660

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 ADVANTAGES:
1) Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the
operation costs are minimized.

2) Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional

street lights.

3) Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.

4) This is a non-polluting source of electricity.

5) Separate parts of solar system can be easily carried to the

remote areas.

DISADVANTAGES
1) Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights.

2) Risk of theft is higher as equipment costs are comparatively higher.

3) Snow or dust, combined with moisture can accumulate on horizontal pv-panels

and reduce or even stop energy production.

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 APPLICATIONS

This system is designed for outdoor application in un-electrified remote rural areas.
This system is an ideal application for campus and village street lighting.

Solar Street Lighting System is an ideal lighting system for Roads, Yards, Residential
Colonies. Townships, Corporate Offices, Hospitals, Educational Institutions and
Rural Electrification.

17
 CONCLUSION

1) The solar energy is one of the important and major renewable sources of energy

and has also proven it useful in functioning of applications like street lights.

2) Solar powered automatic street light controller is one of the applications of

electronics to increase the facilities of life. The use of new electronic theories has
been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing

appliance. Here the facility of ordinary street light is increased by the making it

controlled automatically

3) The charge control is necessary in order to achieve safety and increase the capacity
of the battery. In cities, currently thousands of street lights are operated and the

yearly electricity maintenance cost is very high.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://youtu.be/8k7iqdkAjL4?si=USgVMEZZmLOJxYJD

2. https://youtube.com/shorts/LDZFw9RSRCI?si=n6HTcsTSKcsjYCQ9

3. https://youtu.be/it6sSHr7bMg?si=jm0vIn1sj1RXLoLb

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