Water/Wastewater

Industry Division Calendar of WWID Events

July 28, 2020 Technical Webinar:
Cybersecurity Risks for the Water Sector
Jointly presented by the WWID & AWWA

Sept 22, 2020 Technical Webinar:

Control System Cybersecurity for
In this Issue
Water/Energy Utilities
1 ...... Director’s Welcome
1 ...... Newsletter Editor’s Welcome
3 ...... Director-elect’s Welcome

3 ...... ISA & WWID Launch 2020 Virtual Events

4 ...... WWID Technical Webinar: Cybersecurity Risks in the Water Sector
4 ...... WWID Technical Webinar: Control System Cybersecurity

5 ...... Technical Article: Open Process Automation – from Concept to Reality

9 ...... ISA Publishes Guide to Cybersecurity Standards

10 .... News from ISA Standards

11 .... Technical Article: Why Engineers are so Against Derivative Action in PID Tuning
13 .... Technical Article: SCADA System Development Block Diagrams

14 .... ISA Launches New Website at [Link]

15 .... Technical Article: ISA112 SCADA Systems Lifecycle Released

18 .... Progress Continues – Message from 2020 ISA Society President Eric Cosman Newsletter
19 .... Call for Articles
20 .... WWID Contacts
Summer 2020
Director’s Welcome Newsletter Editor’s Welcome
Don Dickinson, Phoenix Contact USA Graham Nasby, City of Guelph Water Services

Welcome to the summer of 2020 – a summer Greetings to all of our ISA Water/Wastewater
very different from what we might have Division members. This is certainly one of the
envisioned at the beginning of the year. No strangest summers I can ever remember.
doubt our winter dreams of summer Many businesses still closed, there is
vacations and activities have been uncertainty about the schools in the fall, travel
dramatically altered. Sadly, as the result of restrictions, and having to wear a mask when
COVID-19, many have endured much greater challenges than out in public. It’s a situation that we will all
canceled plans for summer fun. Health and economic remember for years to come. However, with all the doom and
concerns have displaced our typical carefree, summer gloom there is still a glimmer of hope that things will improve.
attitudes. COVID-19 has impacted us professionally as well. COVID-19 infection rates are down in many countries and
Many are working from home, and normal business routines there are multiple efforts underway to develop a vaccine. In
have been disrupted. ISA has canceled all in-person events the meantime, we will all have to continue to rely on our
through the end of the year. What is most disconcerting, no patience and resilience as we work through the pandemic
one knows when – or even if, we will return to what once was together. We’ve made it this far – I’m sure we can all see it
called normal. Truly challenging times. through to the end.

However, what I do know to be true is that the people and In this issue, you will find an update on several free online
organizations who will survive and thrive in the post-COVID webinars that your WWID is coordinating in lieu of having an
world, are those who are able to adapt to the new normal. ISA annual conference with ISA. We also have exciting
is a good example. To counter the cancelation of in-person developments with the ISA112 SCADA standards committee
events, ISA has expanded its offering of virtual events, and the Open Process Automation Standard. In particular, I
including webinars and conferences. The virtual events are a would like to highlight the recently released draft ISA112
safe, convenient alternative to in-person conferences, and have SCADA systems lifecycle diagram which provides a
a benefit over in-person events. Virtual events greatly framework for managing SCADA systems in terms of facility
increase accessibility to content for personal and professional SCADA standards, project execution, and long-term
development for those who normally could not attend an management. The lifecycle is also complemented with a
event. Go to the ISA website for.... (continued on page 2) SCADA model architecture…. (continued on page 2)

[Link]/wwid/
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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

WWID Director’s Message Newsletter Editor’s Welcome

(continued from Page 1) (continued from Page 1)
…details and to register for an upcoming virtual event. …diagram that helps provide a comment framework over
which to structure SCADA systems.
Although the virtual events provide increased access to
valuable content, I should admit, for me, a virtual event is not We also have an excellent article in this issue about a
the same as an in-person event. The best part of an in-person suggested workflow for managing the detailed design process
event is the opportunity to network and engage people that I for automation projects in general. Written by Brian Mast, of
might not otherwise get to see face-to-face. There is Cooper Bell Consulting, the article about the workflow and
something special about the unexpected connections and P&IDs provides reassurance to many of us who are involved
conversations that occur at an in-person event which cannot be with the project design, construction and commissioning part
replicated virtually. Perhaps that feeling is accentuated with of our industry.
the isolation imposed upon us by COVID-19, especially for
those of us working from home. Not surprising that many of Lastly, I would like to thank all of our various volunteer
us are looking forward to the expected return (fingers crossed) committee members who have continued to stay in touch with
of in-person events in 2021. each other during what has been a challenging last few
However, back to the topic of adapting to a new environment. months. Trying to manage our personal and professional lives
It is quite possible that going forward, some in-person ISA during a global pandemic is no easy feat, and the efforts of
events will include a virtual component. Hybrid events are the everyone have not gone unnoticed. Thank you to everyone for
best of both worlds – all the camaraderie of an in-person your part to keep the water running, the lights on, our families
event, combined with increased accessibility to content of safe, and to keep our economy going.
virtual events. Those who are unable to attend the in-person
event would still have access to content for professional Stay safe and keep looking towards a bright future.
development. And those who do attend, will have the benefit
of personal engagement, and access to content that might have Warmest Regards,
been missed otherwise. Have you ever had to decide which
session to attend when there are two scheduled for the same Graham Nasby, [Link].
time slot? A hybrid event solves that problem. I’m excited WWID Newsletter Editor
about the possibilities ISA is considering for 2021. [Link]@[Link]

In the meantime, ISA is developing new ways for members to

connect in the digital realm. ISA Connect is a new, online
platform for member engagement. ISA Connect brings a new
dimension to the member experience, and provide new ways
for members to connect and collaborate. It is one more
example of how ISA is adapting to our changing world.
We are facing uncertain times. However, as the old saying
goes, “The best way to predict your future is to create it.” If
we are willing to adapt to new situations, we will survive and
thrive. ISA is adapting to meet the evolving needs of its
members. I encourage you to take full advantage of the many
resources ISA offers for personal and professional
development. I also encourage you to get involved in ISA
activities, whether it’s a division or a section – or both. Create
your future by getting involved.
Wishing you the best summer possible.

Warmest Regards,

Don Dickinson
WWID Director (2020-2021)
ddickinson@[Link]

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

WELCOME WWID WEBINARS

Director Elect’s Welcome ISA & WWID Launch 2020 Virtual Events
Manoj Yegnaraman, Carollo Engineers Inc. From the WWID program committee

A warm welcome to all of our ISA Water With unprecedented cancellation of in-person events due to
Wastewater Industries Division (WWID) the current covid-19 pandemic, our industry has had to pivot
members worldwide. I hope each one of to online events instead. Both the WWID and ISA a ISA as a
you, and your families are doing well, and whole, has been actively working to adapt to this new format
staying safe. as well.

In May 2020, the US Department of For the WWID, this has meant providing a series of technical
Homeland Security provided an advisory memorandum on webinars for our members. The first of these two webinars
identification of essential critical infrastructure workers during was held in July. The second is scheduled for September 22,
the COVID-19 response. Several workers in this advisory list with more to come. Please read about these events on the
represent our Water and Wastewater Industry. The essential following page. The Webinars are free, so we encourage you
services provided by workers in the worldwide W/WW to register and attend future events.
industry have helped everyone to be safe, and to have a
functioning society. I am sure many of you reading this In addition to WWID-associated events, the ISA has also
newsletter, fall under this category. Thank you for all that you embarked on providing a wide range online programming:
do!
These include:
In our Spring 2020 newsletter, I gave you an update regarding  Virtual Conferences
the changes to the 2020 ISA activities, specifically regarding  Cybersecurity Series Webinars
our annual Energy and Water Automation Conference
 IIOT & Smart Manufacturing Webinars
(EWAC). The EWAC committee contains volunteers from our
 Digital Transformation Webinars
WWID and from the Power Industries Division (POWID).
 Process Control and Instrumentation Webinars
The EWAC committee has been working to put together  Division-Specific Webinars
several online webinars for the year. The committee has  ISA Connect Live Events
conducted one webinar, and will conduct another in
September, as part of the ISA virtual events – Process Control Please visit [Link]/virtualevents for more information.
and Instrumentations program:

1. Taking Action on Cybersecurity Risks in the Water Sector

by Kevin Morley (July 28, 1-2 PM ET)

2. Control System Cybersecurity for Water/Energy Utilities by

Jonathan Grant (September 22, 1-2 PM ET)

More details on upcoming events including their dates/times

can be found at: [Link]
program-process-control-and-instrumentation/.

The committee is also working on plans for more webinars in

Fall 2020.

The next face-to-face conference for our division is the 2021

ISA Energy and Water Automation Conference (EWAC in
San Antonio, Texas, USA on August 17-19, 2021.

If you have any questions, or want to be involved in our ISA

WWID division activities, please let me know. Thank you and
take care.

Manoj Yegnaraman, PE
2020-2021 Director-Elect, ISA WWID
2019-2020 General Chair, ISA EWAC
Associate VP, Carollo Engineers, Inc.
myegnaraman@[Link]

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

TECHNICAL WEBINAR WWID TECHNICAL WEBINAR

Taking Action on Cybersecurity Risks in the Water Sector Control System Cybersecurity for Water/Power Utilities
TUESDAY, JULY 28, 2020 TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 2020
2:00 PM EASTERN, 11:00 AM PACIFIC (UTC-04:00) 2:00 PM EASTERN, 11:00 AM PACIFIC (UTC-04:00)
DETAILS AT: HTTP://[Link]/VIRTUALEVENTS REGISTER AT: HTTP://[Link]/VIRTUALEVENTS

The ISA Water/Wastewater division hosted a free webinar The ISA Water/Wastewater division is excited to announce
about Cybersecurity risks in the Water Sector on Tuesday, that we will be hosting a free webinar about Control System
July 28, 2020. Held at 1:00pm-2:00pm Eastern (UTC-04:00) Cybersecurity for Water/Energy Utilities on Tuesday,
and 10am Pacific, the one-hour presentation featured Dr. September 22, 2020. Held at 1:00pm-2:00pm Eastern (UTC-
Kevin M. Morley, who is the manager of federal relations for 04:00) and 10am Pacific, the one-hour presentation will
the AWWA. feature Jonathan H. Grant, PE, CISSP, who is Automation
Engineering with the engineering consulting firm CDM Smith
The AWWA and WWID have been involved in joint projects
for several years now, and we were pleased to have Dr.
Jon has been a long-time volunteer with the WWID, and in the
Morley as a guest presenter. Dr. Morley has special skill in
past has presented at both the ISA Water/Wastewater and
explaining complex topics from a public policy and risk
Automatic Controls Symposium, and more recently at the ISA
perspective.
Energy and Water Automation Conference. He is based out of
In his talk, entitled “Taking Action on Cybersecurity Risks in Canton, Massachusetts, USA
the Water Sector,” Dr. Morley focused on the following steps
in establishing a cybersecurity policy framework: This presentation will build upon the various levels of ISA
content provided in the area of cybersecurity, to identify the
• Step One: Recognize that there is a credible and active continued importance and need for cybersecurity as it relates
cybersecurity system threat. to control systems. The roles played by IT/OT in
• Step Two: Understand that you have a fiduciary and cybersecurity, as well as the common practices that can be
statutory obligation to manage the risk. applied to mitigate control system risk will be covered.

• Step Three: Take action to assess the vulnerabilities that Special focus will be how the ISA/IEC-62443 series of
may expose your system to such threats. cybersecurity standards, and other industry best practices can
be used to guide the cybersecurity hardening of control
• Step Four: Determine what actions will be taken to manage systems. The speaker will also provide an overview of various
cyber risks. resources that can be used to help organizations secure their
This presentation provided an overview of the US regulatory control systems and protect themselves from the risk of cyber-
requirements for risk and resilience assessments, and attack and disruptions to operations.
identified a systematic approach for helping utilities navigate
steps to address potential cyberattacks. Attendance for the webinar is no cost, but registration is
required. Please register at [Link]
More than 300 people registered and attended the webinar.

About the speaker About the speaker:

Kevin M. Morley, PhD is Manager, Federal Jonathan Grant, PE, CISSP is a Control
Relations for the American Water Works Systems Leader with technical leadership,
Association (AWWA). He works closely with employee management, and design experience
multiple organizations to advance the security in instrumentation and controls from concept
and preparedness of the water sector. This through construction. Specialization in
includes supporting the development of industrial control system design, with additional experience in
several ANSI/AWWA standards that represent minimum best SCADA cybersecurity. Ability to work as design or
practice for water sector risk and resilience management, management lead on numerous concurrent projects. Excellent
including cybersecurity guidance. He is a leading expert on oral and written communication skills, proven track record of
§2013 of America’s Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) of 2018 quality technical solutions, and commitment to client
and multiple resources that enable water system to advance satisfaction.
their security and preparedness to all-hazards.
Mr. Grant has 22 Years’ Experience and is a licensed
Dr. Morley received his PhD from George Mason University professional engineer in multiple US states. He received his
for research on water sector resilience and developing the B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Maine.
Utility Resilience Index (URI). He holds a MS from the State He holds the (ISC)2 Certified Information Systems Security
University of New York College of Environmental Science Professional (CISSP) and International Society of Automation
and Forestry and a BA from Syracuse University (ISA) – ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Expert designations.

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

TECHNICAL ARTICLE The key requirement is that the interfaces and data models of
Open Process Automation: software and hardware components are standardized to meet
From Concept to Reality the interoperability and interchangeability criteria. The
By Mohan Kalyanaraman, Don Bartusiak, Bradley G. Houk, ultimate win would be to establish a thriving marketplace
Steve Bitar, David DeBari - ExxonMobil Research & Engineering where suppliers are able to place their certified hardware and
software conformant components and end users have access to
Automation and control systems are at the heart of modern the registry of such components for systems integrators to
industrial manufacturing. While the distributed control assemble into a system against end-user specifications.
systems (DCS) have proven to be reliable over the last few
decades, the most control systems still remain closed and End-users would benefit from increased competition, ability to
proprietary. continually upgrade to take advantage of increase in
computing power, avoidance of vendor lock-in, and increased
Unlike the DCS itself, the software layer above the DCS’s, innovation, as well as data access and deployment of
such as business reporting/decision-support systems and applications at all levels of the control stack. For suppliers,
resource planning/scheduling systems, has evolved to use this provides an opportunity to reach new markets and
commercial off-the-shelf hardware that are easily upgradeable consumers, while differentiating themselves through
and keep up with the advances in computing. Application specialized services, as well as addressing customer needs.
software at the level above the DCS is now relatively
platform-independent and replaceable. The Forum is developing both the business practices and the
standards (O-PASTM) required for achieving this vision of the
The traditional DCS itself is however a different story. The members.
closed nature of the DCS makes it difficult to upgrade
components to take advantage of advances in computing Using a “standard of standards” approach, the Forum uses the
power and has reduced the ability to insert new technology. practice of selecting existing standards (subject to
applicability) to form the core parts of the O-PAS standard, so
Manufacturing companies are trying to improve their that it can reflect the principles laid out by the forum
computing and procurement strategies by integrating members. Only when there are no acceptable standards
information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) already available, does the forum then attempt to develop its
and to improve their profitability by deploying advanced data own individual standards to fill the whitespace to ensure the
analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning overall O-PAS standard’s coverage.
(ML) tools. These advanced computing tools create the need
for open, real-time access to operational data without the The governing principles are called quality attributes that have
constraints created by the filter of a closed DCS system. With been debated and agreed upon by the members. The top 10
the convergence of the above mentioned trends, it became quality attributes are shown in Table 1.
clear that a different architecture for control systems is
needed. These and other needs motivated ExxonMobil to be a Table 1 – Open Process Automation quality attributes
founding member of the Open Process AutomationTM Forum
Interoperability Scalability Affordability Availability
(OPAF).
Modularity Securability Portability Discoverability
Open Process AutomationTM Forum
Standards Reliability
conformance
The Open Process Automation is a forum organized by The
Open Group. Nearly 100 companies are members of the
Forum with about a quarter of the members being end-users.
The operating companies represent many industry verticals, Status of OPA Standard Development
including: Oil & Gas, Refining, Petrochemical, Specialty
Chemical, Pulp and Paper, Pharma and Industrial gases, The Forum has formal liaison agreements with multiple
among others. standards and industry organizations, including ISA,
NAMUR, ZVEI, PLCopen, OPC Foundation, FieldComm
The membership also comprises seven distributed control Group, etc. The use of official liaisons is to ensure that the O-
system suppliers and a host of software and hardware PAS is aligned with activities across the industry.
providers as well as Systems Integrators (SI). The vision for
the Open Process Automation Forum is to create a standards- Version 1 of the O-PAS was published in 2019 January and
based, open, interoperable, modular, secure-by-design process version 2 was published in 2020 February. Version 1 focused
control architecture1. on interoperability, version 2 is focused on configuration
portability, and version 3 will focus on application portability.

1
Blue, D., Tung, E., Stevens, D., et al. (2018). Open Process Automation
Business Guide. The Open Group. [Link]

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

Shown in Table 2 is a list of the parts of the standards and The key elements are as follows:
referenced industry standards that are incorporated in O-PAS  Flat architecture as opposed to the layered control
Versions 1.02 and 2.03. architecture with a Distributed control node (DCN). A
Table 2- Industry standards incorporated DCN would have at a minimum I/O signal processing and
into the Open Process Automation Standard could host regulatory control or more advanced control
applications at the edge as required for latency or
O-PAS Subject matter Referenced standards
availability. The DCN communicates with other DCN’s
Part
on the network through a real time bus and would provide
Part 1 Technical IEC 62264 (ISA 95) data directly to any authorized application
architecture  Industry-standard O-PAS connectivity framework (OCF)
Part 2 Security IEC 62443 (ISA 99)  An advanced computing platform (ACP) that provides the
necessary computing horsepower to run advanced
Part 3 Profiles n.a. applications
Part 4 Connectivity IEC 62541 (OPC UA)  Provision for connection to legacy DCS/PLC systems
framework through gateway devices
Part 5 System management DMTF (Redfish)
Moving from vision to reality
Part 6 Information and IEC 62714
exchange models (AutomationML) Even as the Forum standards are being developed, there is a
IEC 62682 (ISA 18) push by the member companies to test and refine their
IEC 61131 prototypes against the standards and for end user companies to
IEC 61499 get prepared for deployment.

Part 7 Physical platform “whitespace” OPA Proof-of-Concept

In early 2018, ExxonMobil demonstrated a proof-of-concept
Note: The term “whitespace” means there is no current using Lockheed Martin as a system integrator. The PoC
available standard that covers the subject matter and will be consisted of components from 10 different suppliers integrated
taken up for development by the Forum. together as one operating system. Interoperability,
interchangeability, configuration portability and application
Figure 1 shows the reference architecture of the OPA vision. portability were among the quality attributes demonstrated4.

Figure 1 – Open Process Automation reference architecture (Source: Open Group)

2
Brandl, D., Bitar, S., et al. (2019). O-PASTM Standard – Version 1. The
Open Group. [Link]
3
Brandl D, Smith K. et al. (2020). O-PASTM Standard – Version 2.0
4
Preliminary. The Open Group. [Link] D. Bartsiak et. al., 2019 IFAC World Congress paper on OPA

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

OPA Prototype- Pilot plant

In 2019 as a follow-up to its proof-of-concept work,
ExxonMobil replaced a legacy control system on a pilot plant
used to test catalyst on distillate desulfurization service. The
control console is shown in Figure 2. The unit process had real
hydrocarbons, hydrogen and operated at high temperature and
pressure of 600 DegF and 1200 psig with about 130 I/O
points. For building the OPA prototype pilot system,
ExxonMobil worked with Lockheed Martin and Wood as
system integrators. The prototype used a more robust grade of
DCN hardware and other components sourced from different
vendors such as Yokogawa, Intel, Phoenix Contact and NXT
control. A detailed list of components used are shown in
Figure 3. An OPC UA abstraction layer was built and used in
the prototype using Matrikon’s SDK.

The OPA pilot system came on stream in January 2020 and it

operated continuously for 70 days before being shut down.
The OPA system demonstrated the ability to reproduce the
functionality of the DCS system, demonstrated control
stability and availability, and provided an acceptable user
Figure 2 – The OPA prototype system as it executes control and data experience. Feedback from the operator was positive and
collection functions on a catalyst testing pilot unit in ExxonMobil system was very responsive. Figure 4 shows a picture of the
research facility in Clinton, New Jersey, USA.
control cabinet and console of the OPA system.
Interoperability Workshop Collaboration partner end-user activity
The first interoperability (IOP) workshop was held in June Even as the standards are being selected and prototype
2019 at the ISA headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, products are being developed by the suppliers, it is important
USA. In in the week-long IOP event, 15 of the member for operating companies to become ready to be able to deploy
companies came together and brought devices and software these systems. Part of the readiness involves testing of the
components to test against the first version of the standard. components, applicable standards, and developing criteria to
The workshop focused primarily on communications. There qualify the systems put together from the open architecture
was a good sharing of learning and participant companies took components.
back several lessons to refine their products. A second
interoperability workshop is in the planning stage to test To accelerate the development and develop the market, a
against configuration portability. group of end user companies have formed a collaboration
partner program in preparation for field trials of systems. The

Figure 3 – Architecture of the OPA prototype pilot system (Source: Exxon Mobil)

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end user companies are Aramco Services, BASF, Conoco water’ demonstrator unit (Figure 5) using DCN components
Phillips, Dow, ExxonMobil, Georgia-Pacific, Linde and from multiple vendors and open process automation and
Reliance. The companies span different industry verticals and modular packaging concepts. Other operating companies are
geographies. progressing their own plans for test facilities.

One of the major goals of this activity is to evaluate prototype

components available from suppliers and test the applicability
of standards to address questions on robustness prior to
initiating field trials. The companies will share non-
competitive learnings from their testing to improve the
collective learning curve. Following successful completion of
joint test bed activities, the intent is that operating companies
then follow-up conduct their own independent field trials
which are specific to their needs.

ExxonMobil has started up its test bed with Yokogawa acting

as a systems integrator and has started to work on testing
components and concepts. At the NAMUR General Assembly
conference in November 2019, BASF showcased its ‘clear

Figure 5 – BASF open automation demonstrator unit was unveiled in

November2019 at the NAMUR General Assembly meeting in Bad
Neuenahr, Germany (image courtesy of BASF)

Summary

Industry experience in other sectors such as avionics and

networking telecommunications have shown that
standardization of interfaces has resulted in driving down cost
and allowing greater innovation and increasing competition.
Since its beginning in November 2016, The Open Group’s
OPA Forum is moving fast to select standards and
transforming the control systems into an open, interoperable
architecture and creating the right framework for a successful
marketplace for suppliers, end users and system integrators.
The operating companies and suppliers are devoting resources,
money and dedication to accelerating the transition to this new
chapter in automation. The active members of the Forum have
also been able to benefit from new networking and knowledge
sharing opportunities through their work, as well as having
some fun in the process (Figure 6).

The OPA Forum continues to welcome new members from the

suppliers, end users and systems integrators community to join
and make your voice heard. To learn more and join us, please
visit [Link]/opaf. For more information, please
contact [Link]@[Link] or one of the authors.

Figure 6 – Open Process Automation Forum members pose at the

Figure 4 – OPA Prototype’s control rack (Source: Exxon Mobil) ARC 2020 annual meeting in Orlando, Florida, USA.

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About the Authors: ISA PUBLISHING

ISA Publishes Guide to Cybersecurity
Mohan Kalyanaraman holds a Ph.D. in Materials Standards – Overview of ISA/IEC-62443
Science and an MBA and has 24 years of
experience in catalysis, commercialization, and
From ISA news release
business development. He is currently a technology
acquisition advisor for ExxonMobil Research & The International Society of Automation (ISA) and the ISA
Engineering and serves as the Marketing and Global Cybersecurity Alliance have released a new guide to
Outreach co-chair for OPAF. the world’s only consensus-based automation cybersecurity
standards.
Don Bartusiak is Chief Engineer, Process Control
for ExxonMobil Research and Engineering holds a
Ph.D, in Chemical Engineering. He has 40 years of The document, “Quick Start Guide: An Overview of the
industry experience with 33 years at ExxonMobil. ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards,” is now available for
He is currently the Co-chair of the Open Process download at [Link]/cyberguide, and provides a high-
Automation Forum of The Open Group and has level view of the objectives and benefits of these standards—
won numerous leadership awards for his work in as well as easy-to-use explainers on how to navigate them.
automation. The guide explores how and why IT and OT/ICS need unique
types of protection against cyber threats and offers the latest
Bradley Houk is a Senior Engineering Advisor with recommendations on patch management.
ExxonMobil Research and Engineering based in
Spring, TX. Brad is a Professional Engineer. He has
over 30 years in the development and deployment This new guide answers some of the most common questions
of automation and optimization technologies in the about the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards, including:
refining and petrochemical industries and currently
leads the OPA R&D program.  Why is this series of standards important? What are the
benefits of using the standards?
Steve Bitar is an automation leader in ExxonMobil
Research and Engineering. He led the R&D work  How are IT and ICS systems different?
for control systems replacement for ExxonMobil
and was the first co-chair of the technology working  Which documents are part of the series and how can I use
group of the Forum in 2017-2018. them to find what I need?
 Where can I find the current best practices around patch
management?
David DeBari is an Innovator and a Process
Control Engineer for the ExxonMobil Research and The ISA Global Cybersecurity Alliance’s Advocacy and
Engineering Company with many years of Adoption work group coordinated the development of the
automation experience in both continuous and batch guide, which was authored by Johan Nye. Nye is an
processes. David leads the application portability independent consultant specializing in industrial control
sub-committee of the technology working group of systems and cybersecurity. During his career spanning more
the Forum and is the Lead Engineer for the proof of
than 38 years, Nye has designed ICS system architectures,
concept, prototype, and test bed projects.
created company standards and policies, implemented major
ICS projects, supported ICS site engineers, and contributed to
the design of several ICS products.
About OPA & O-PAS
Open Process AutomationTM Forum is a Forum of The “Automation cybersecurity standards are crucial in this
Open Group and is developing and delivering a standards- increasingly connected world,” says Mary Ramsey, ISA
based, open, secure, and interoperable process control executive director. “The ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards
architecture through the collaboration of global leaders in leads the way as the world’s only consensus-based standards
process industries, system integrators, suppliers, integrated that focus on automation cybersecurity. One goal of the ISA
DCS vendors, academia, and other standards organizations. Global Cybersecurity Alliance is to raise awareness of these
(taken from the OPAF brochure) standards and encourage their adoption across a wide range of
industries. We are grateful to the ISAGCA Advocacy and
Open Process Automation Standards (O-PASTM) are the Adoption work group and Johan Nye for distilling these
standards adopted or developed by the membership of the standards into a user-friendly format that can be shared
Open Process AutomationTM Forum to deliver the open, widely.”
secure, interoperable process control architecture. The O-PAS
will adopt existing standards where available and applicable “Quick Start Guide: An Overview of the ISA/IEC 62443
standards exist, and will develop new standards if none Series of Standards” can be accessed by filling out a form at
currently exist or is applicable. [Link]

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ISA STANDARDS manufacturing operations management and their exchanges

News from ISA Standards between Level 3 and 4 applications. The information exchange
From ISA Standards Department profile references the ISA-95 models, concepts, and
terminology defined in ISA-95 Parts 1 through 7.
ISA112 Releases Draft SCADA Life Cycle
The new Part 8 provides a coordinated method to apply all
The ISA112, SCADA Systems, standards committee is parts of the ISA-95 series to reduce the effort associated with
developing a comprehensive standard covering best practices implementing new product offerings. The goal is to have
design, implementation, and long-term management of manufacturing operations management systems that
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. interoperate and easily integrate, regardless of the degree of
These fundamental systems can be found controlling and automation.
monitoring a wide range of industrial applications, including
pipeline operations, electric transmission systems, rail and ISA95 is chaired by Chris Monchinski, who also serves as the
road systems, municipal water/wastewater infrastructure, and 2019–20 vice president of the ISA Standards & Practices
canals, tunnels, and bridges. Because of this range, the roles Department. For more information about ISA95, contact
and usage of SCADA technology can vary considerably across crobinson@[Link]. For information on viewing or obtaining
industries and geographic areas. the new standard or other ISA standards, visit
[Link]/findstandards.
For this reason, a major focus of ISA112 has been to develop a
set of standardized terminology that can be used for
specifying, designing, implementing, and managing SCADA
systems. The committee has also worked hard to develop an Intelligent Device Management Revisions
easily applicable ISA112 SCADA life cycle that can be ISA-TR108.1, Intelligent Device Management Part 1:
applied to both large and small SCADA systems, regardless of Concepts and Terminology, first published in 2015, describes
industry. concepts and terminology necessary to understand and
ISA112 has now released interim drafts of its SCADA life- communicate effectively about intelligent device management
cycle diagram and reference model architecture as it moves (IDM). It provides overviews of the basic concepts of how
toward an expected first release of a standard by late 2022. intelligent devices can be managed and how such device
That standard will be followed by additional guidance management plays a larger role in the overall objectives of a
documents such as technical reports. The draft life cycle and facility throughout its life cycle. The document also explains
reference-model architecture may be downloaded at the relationship between IDM and other existing asset
[Link]/isa112. Please send review comments and management standards.
suggestions to [Link]@[Link]. An updated version of the technical report, revised in a
ISA112 brings together more than 150 members from a collaboration between ISA108 and IEC SC65E WG10 to
variety of backgrounds, roles, and industries, spanning end reflect improvements in the understanding of the associated
users, operating companies, engineering firms, suppliers, technology, has now been published with the designation ISA-
distributors, and system integrators across such sectors as TR 63082-1:2020. The new technical report presents a more
municipal water, pipeline, electric power, chemical, mining, comprehensive description of the concepts and terminology
environmental, and oil and gas. The committee co-chairs are associated with IDM.
Graham Nasby and Ian Verhappen. It is the intent of the ISA108 committee to move ahead in its
As in all ISA standards committees, membership is open to joint work with IEC SC65E WG10 to develop Part 2 of the
any interested individuals. For more information on ISA112, ISA/IEC 63082 series, which will be a standard based on this
please contact Charley Robinson, crobinson@[Link]. Part 1 technical report. Subsequent technical reports and
recommended practices are also planned by ISA108, all based
on this Part 1 technical report and the anticipated Part 2
standard.
New standard in the ISA-95 Enterprise-
Control System Series (ISA95) The ISA108 committee co-chairs are Kouji Demachi of
Yokogawa Electric Corp. and Herman Storey of Herman
The widely used ISA-95 standards define the integration of Storey Consulting, LLC. The ISA108 managing director is Ian
control systems with enterprises. A newly published document Verhappen of CIMA. For more information about ISA108,
in the series defines the subset of the standards used for a set contact crobinson@[Link]. For information on obtaining the
of message exchanges for a specific industry or use case. new technical report, please visit [Link]/findstandards.
ISA-95.00.08, Enterprise/Control System Integration Part 8:
Information Exchange Profiles, aids in implementations of
ISA-95 for application integration. The information exchange For more information on ISA Standards, contact Charley
profile’s intended business usage is within a defined scope for Robinson, ISA Standards, crobinson@[Link] .
activities, functions, and tasks of ISA-95 Level 3

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE implementations, the calculation of the rate of change is

Why Engineers are So Against Derivative poorly done. In some implementations, improper derivative
Action in PID Tuning function interferes with the anti-reset wind-up algorithm and
By Gregory McMillan becomes a disaster!

The following technical discussion is part of an occasional Improving robustness: Derivative improves phase margin,
series showcasing the ISA Mentor Program, authored by Greg true. Derivative can cancel a small time constant (e.g., if the
McMillan, industry consultant, author of numerous process model is a second-order plus dead time, set derivative at the
control books, 2010 ISA Life Achievement Award recipient, value of the small time constant to cancel it). If a multiple time
and retired Senior Fellow from Solutia, Inc. (now Eastman constant, set derivative at the value of the largest of small time
Chemical). Reprinted from [Link] with constant to cancel it. If a first-order plus dead time, set
permission. derivative at ~0.5 of equivalent dead time (usually in fact a
real dead time + small time constants).
In the ISA Mentor Program, I provide guidance for extremely
talented individuals from Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia, Derivative reacts to rate of change: When tuning a loop for
Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and the U.S. This question comes from disturbance rejection, derivative will react before the error
Brian Hrankowsky, an associate senior consultant engineer at increases since it “sees” this error increasing by reacting to the
Eli Lilly and Company. slope.

Brian Hrankowsky’s Question Improving response on SP change: If SP is manipulated by

another system (or MPC), derivative will improve response if
Derivative amplifies noise in the measured process value, properly adjusted. Avoid ramp; I prefer using a SP filter.
causes the control loop output to reverse direction before the
process has reached setpoint, and causes excessive fast process Impacts of derivative: When using derivative, you can use
oscillation. Those are some of the reasons I’ve been given for more proportional gain (derivative improving phase margin)
never using derivative. In control theory, derivative is taught and more integral action. The benefits are less overshoot, a
as a tool to reduce overshoot, improve phase margin (make the faster response, and being more robust.
loop more robust), and cancel or lead secondary lags. In many
Greg McMillan’s Answer
tuning algorithms, derivative is set as a function of only the
process dead time—implying that it is a good tool for In going from a Series or Real Form in migration projects to
mitigating that, too. I’ve worked on older (or sometimes just newer systems that have an Ideal or Standard Form, people
cheaper) systems that had poor PID implementations, which may not know that a rate time setting greater than ¼ the reset
makes me think there were some real control issues solved by time setting will cause oscillations that get quite bad if the rate
setting the derivative to 0. In some conversations, I find the time is larger than the reset time. People don’t realize the
person really just doesn’t understand what derivative does. In inherent protection of a rate time greater than ¼ the reset time
fact, I had a long discussion with an individual who was in the Series Form. This confusion can lead to people turning
convinced derivative was a position controller. A bit of off derivative action.
understanding, a modern PID implementation with a correctly
set derivative filter, and an ability to control derivative kick People don’t like sudden changes in controller output even
enables the use of derivative to get all of the benefits with though this provides pre-emptive action and reduce the dead
none of the drawbacks. Why are some engineers so against time from dead band and resolution limits. People prefer the
using derivative action? gradual action from the integral mode that is always moving in
the direction to eliminate an error seen on digital display no
Michel Ruel’s Answer matter how small and despite whether the trajectory shows
overshoot is eminent. Also, amplification of noise by
To answer, this is a simple question with many folds:
derivative action turns people off. Instead of reducing noise by
Poor implementation: If the derivative function does not a better installation, filtering, or rate limiting, users play the
include a filter to limit high gain at high frequencies, then do blame game of outlawing derivative. Education and
not use derivative, since noise will be amplified and sent to the demonstration by the use of the digital twin can help a lot to
controller output. If this filter is adjustable, it should be around show the value of derivative and how to enable derivative to
one-tenth of derivative time which corresponds to limit do its job without upsetting other loops or wearing out the
derivative gain at 10. In some systems, this filter is a second- control valve.
order Butterworth filter which really improves the usage of
If movement of the controller output signal is too fast, putting
derivative when noise is present. Most loops should be
a simple setpoint rate limit on the analog output block or
configured using derivative only on PV changes (and not on
secondary PID and simply turning on PID option external-
error changes) to avoid a kick at the controller output on SP
reset feedback (e.g., dynamic reset limit) with proper
change. In some PLCs, when switching from manual to
connection of the manipulated variable can prevent the fast
automatic, the calculation of derivative is wrong and it
change without the need to retune the PID controller.
generates a large change at the controller output (calculation
of rate of change using last scan in automatic). In some

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A PID structure of PI on Error and D on PV or a 2 Degrees of 0.5 or more. One can set the derivative time, as Greg suggests
Freedom (2DOF) structure can eliminate the bump from in our recent article on filtering, equal to the secondary time
derivative action for a setpoint change. However, in some constant or ½ of the dead time, whichever is largest. Be aware
cases this bump is useful in helping a secondary PID have a that if the process gain is overestimated, the controller gain
faster response particularly getting through valve dead band will be underestimated, possibly leading to ineffective
and stiction faster to help the primary controller in cascade derivative action besides proportional action. For this reason,
control. Usually, oscillation in the secondary loop is filtered when using a tuning rule, a tuning package result, or trial and
by a larger process time constant in the primary loop, which error tuning, it can be useful to determine if the controller gain
normally occurs if the cascade rule is adhered to where the is set high enough for the derivative action to be effective. To
secondary loop is at least five times faster than the primary test: turn off derivative action (set derivative time to zero).
loop. One should see a damped oscillatory response that is not there
with derivative action; if not, the gain can be increased.
The elimination of noise by a better filter or a better Alternatively, one can set the derivative time initially to 0 and
installation, as described in the Control article “Why and how increase the gain until a damped cycle is observed, then dial in
of signal filtering,” can provide much more. In this article, derivative to eliminate the cycle. This approach assumes the
seemingly insignificant noise caused a lot of valve movement integral time is not set too small. If the settling time is much
due to high PID gain and rate action for this integrating larger than 10 times the dead time with an oscillation period
process. What was not considered is that fluctuations in about three to four times the dead time, the derivative time
controller output with a peak amplitude less than the dead may be too small.
band or resolution limit normally causes no movement.
Pneumatic actuated control valves have a dead band of at least Additional Mentor Program Resources
0.2% for the best true throttling valves with sensitive
diaphragm actuators and positioners. The dead band can be See the ISA book 101 Tips for a Successful Automation
possibly as large as 20% for on-off valves posing as throttling Career that grew out of this Mentor Program to gain concise
valves. The strange story here is that the “poser” will not wear and practical advice. See the InTech magazine feature article
out so fast when it would be better if it did, so you might buy a Enabling new automation engineers for candid comments
true throttling valve. from some of the original program participants. See the
Control Talk column How to effectively get engineering
If on approach to setpoint, the process variable (PV) reverses knowledge with the ISA Mentor Program protégée Keneisha
direction before reaching setpoint, the derivative action is Williams on the challenges faced by young engineers today,
most likely too large. and the column How to succeed at career and project
migration with protégé Bill Thomas on how to make the most
I have used derivative action in most temperature loops where out of yourself and your project. Providing discussion and
it helps cancel out a thermowell or heat transfer surface lag. answers besides Greg McMillan and co-founder of the
For highly exothermic batch reactors, derivative action is program Hunter Vegas (project engineering manager at
essential to prevent acceleration and shutdown. In some Wunderlich-Malec) are resources Mark Darby (principal
chemical plants I worked in, the temperature controllers were consultant at CMiD Solutions), Brian Hrankowsky (consultant
proportional plus derivative (PD on error no I) because engineer at a major pharmaceutical company), Michel Ruel
derivative action was critical and integral action was (executive director, engineering practice at BBA Inc.), Leah
detrimental. Ruder (director of global project engineering at the Midwest
I have seen specialists in refinery controls concentrate more on Engineering Center of Emerson Automation Solutions), Nick
minimizing the movement of the manipulated variable (MV) Sands (ISA Fellow and Manufacturing Technology Fellow at
than movement of the PV possibly due to the interactions in DuPont), Bart Propst (process control leader for the Ascend
heat integration particularly for inline systems (smooth Performance Materials Chocolate Bayou plant), Angela
gradual minimal MV changes being the goal). Valdes (automation manager of the Toronto office for SNC-
Lavalin), and Daniel Warren (senior instrumentation/electrical
See the ISA Mentor Q&A posts “When and How to Use specialist at D.M.W. Instrumentation Consulting Services,
Derivative Action in a PID Controller” and “Key Insights to Ltd.).
Control System Dynamics.”
About the Author
Mark Darby’s Answer
Gregory K. McMillan, CAP is a retired
One of the challenges with derivative comes about when using Senior Fellow from Solutia/Monsanto
a pure trial and error tuning approach—i.e., having to where he worked in engineering
determine three tuning parameters: the derivative time in technology on process control
addition to gain and integral time. But the task is simplified improvement. Greg was also an affiliate
with the advice given above. Derivative is most useful when professor for Washington University in Saint Louis.
applied to lag dominated, higher ordered processes (with or Greg is an ISA Fellow and received the ISA Life
without dead time). When tight control is important, PID is Achievement Award in 2010, among many other industry
worth pursuing. It can reduce IAE (integral absolute error) by recognitions.

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE The P&ID provides the basis for not only the SCADA control
SCADA System Development Block Diagrams system, but for the work of most of the other disciplines.
A Tool for Visualizing SCADA Workflow There are essentially two forms of P&IDs: (1) a process and
By Brian Mast, Copper Bell Consulting LLC instrumentation diagram and (2) a piping and instrumentation
diagram. The main difference is that the first type (process)
Many instrumentation and controls (I&C) engineers struggle shows most things except for every piece of piping, while the
to explain the concept and details of control system design to second type (piping) — these are often used in chemical
their project team members, and particularly to managers from industries, for example — show every valve, tap, and major
other disciplines. Figure 1 represents an attempt to capture the fitting, complete with line segment numbering, right down to
major phases of a supervisory control and data acquisition the heat trace. In the water and wastewater industries,
(SCADA) system design and implementation. Although sometimes P&IDs of either kind are not used faithfully.
Figure 1 assumes a design-bid-build model, other project
delivery methods could be detailed in a similar fashion. In Regardless of the specific type used, all designs should start
addition, the graphic could be expanded to include more from a P&ID. This is the foundational document for even a
detailed task boxes and workflows. small project, such as adding a float switch. It can show its
interlocks, signal direction, control panel, I/O, physical
The diagram is divided into a number of sections. The zone on location in the process, and more. It also feeds into the other
the left shows engineering detailed design and its functional disciplines (typically civil, structural, mechanical, and
tasks; the zone on the right shows construction contractor electrical), as well as operations and maintenance (O&M)
work with associated tasks. The area marked "submittals" is manuals, depending on its purpose.
the workflow buffer between the two zones. The diagram is
also divided vertically (i.e., by the x-axis) to show hardware At one time, the project role of an I&C engineer was limited
tasks on top and software tasks on the bottom. Note that the enough to show nearly the entire I&C contribution completely
hardware and software tasks only directly converge at the on a single P&ID sheet. The lines and symbols on a P&ID are
beginning box marked "P&ID" (explained below) and the optimized for plants with pneumatics, hardwired interlocks,
input/output (I/O) database, and then at the end in loop relay panels, and interfaces to local human-machine interfaces
checkouts and startup verification commissioning. Often, two (HMIs) and I/O to larger distributed control system (DCS) or
different teams, both the hardware team and the software programmable logic controller (PLC) software controls. In our
team, are sharing this design structure. current design environment, the complete software logic and
functional programming in that sphere is mostly not shown on

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a P&ID but rather in control narratives, I/O lists, software ISA SOCIETY NEWS
block diagrams, and SCADA HMI graphics. ISA Launches new website: [Link]
From ISA news release
The key electrical task boxes, shown in the middle of Figure 1
and noted with asterisks, are intended to capture the electrical We are pleased to announce that the ISA website at
work in sequence with the control system engineering. (Like [Link] now has a fresh new look with new capabilities!
Sinatra's love and marriage, you can’t have one without the This relaunch was designed with you in mind. As you browse,
other!) you will find improvements for the benefit of long-time and
Moving across time from left to right on Figure 1, the various new users alike, such as:
tasks build up and interrelate to show which task feeds the  Better search capabilities, including intelligence-
next. It would be possible to portray the same information in a driven results
Gantt chart; however, that would require dates, task lengths,  Mobile-friendly capabilities—enjoy all of our
and a demonstration of dependencies in a more linear fashion content via your smartphone or tablet
than is often the case.  A better e-commerce experience, with helpful
search and indexing to guide you to the right items
 Expanded capabilities in the join and renew
process, validating your individual interests

Figure 2 – Example of a P&ID drawing for a process

The optional Scientific Apparatus Makers Association We have set up a Frequently Asked Questions page where you
(SAMA) functional logic diagrams, shown as a shaded box in can review information about where to find things and how to
the lower left of Figure 1, are part of an old and discontinued use the site. Please let us know what you think of our new
standard from the 1970s and 1980s. They are no longer online experience by filling out our feedback form. Your
commonly used, but they could be part of existing thoughts will help us greatly.
documentation in a facility. They are still used in the power
generation industry. Custody of SAMA standards is with the During this transition, please note that you may experience
Measurement, Control & Automation Association (MCAA), some delays in order processing or experience longer wait
and they can be obtained at [Link] times to speak with our Customer Service team. Thank you for
insight/standards (follow the link "Functional Diagramming of your patience during this period of adjustment. If you have
Instrument & Control Systems"). any problems or questions, we encourage you to reach out to
us. We are listening!
In conclusion, distributing a copy of a diagram such as that
contained in Figure 1 to the design project team — as well as Thanks again, and please enjoy the new, relaunched [Link].
to the client's management — early on in the design phase
should aid in common understanding of the interests and
concerns of the I&C engineer and result in a more successful
project delivery overall, with lower cost of change orders and
remediation due to testing failures.
About the Author
Brian Lee Mast, PE, is a control systems
engineer practicing as Copper Bell Consulting
LLC in Seattle. He is a contributing member
of ISA112 SCADA Systems standards
committee. He currently serves as treasurer,
and previously served as president, of the ISA
Seattle Section. Contact: brian@[Link].

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TECHNICAL ARTICLE to both large and small SCADA systems, regardless of the
ISA112 SCADA Systems Lifecycle Released industry and geographic area.
Graham Nasby, City of Guelph Water Services
Headed by co-chairs Graham Nasby and Ian Verhappen, the
Since its kick off in September 2016, the ISA’s newest ISA112 committee currently has over 150 members from a
standards committee ISA112 SCADA Systems has been hard wide variety of backgrounds, roles and industries. The
at work developing a new standard to cover best practices for committee has a strong cohort of members that includes end-
the design, implementation, and long term management of users, operating companies, engineering firms, vendors,
SCADA systems. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition distributors, contractors and system integration outfits. The
systems, commonly referred to as SCADA systems, are a co-chairs, along with managing director Greg Lehmann, have
critical aspect of automation technology for a wide range of worked hard to ensure the committee membership has broad
industries. SCADA plays a major role in representation from a wide span of sectors, including the
controlling/monitoring pipelines, electric transmission municipal water/wastewater, pipeline, electric power,
systems, rail/road systems, canals/tunnels/bridges and chemical, mining, environmental, and oil/gas industries.
municipal water/wastewater infrastructure, along with many
other industrial applications. The role and usage of SCADA Membership in the ISA112 SCADA Systems Standards
technology can vary considerably depending on the specific committee is open to any interested individuals. Comments
industry and geographic area. and feedback are also always welcome. You can find your
more about the ISA112 committee by
After several years of work, the ISA112 committee is pleased visiting [Link]/isa112 or by contacting co-chairs
to release interim drafts of its ISA112 SCADA lifecycle and Graham Nasby or Ian Verhappen.
ISA112 reference model architecture, which are now available
for download on [Link]/isa112 . The committee is About the Author
expecting to have the first release of the ISA112 SCADA
systems standard ready in 2022-23, which will be followed by Graham Nasby, [Link], PMP, CAP holds the position of
several additional work products including technical reports. Water SCADA & Security Specialist at City of Guelph Water
Like many of ISA’s popular standards, it is expected the Services, a publicly-owned/operated water utility located in
ISA112 SCADA systems standard will be published in several Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Prior to joining Guelph Water, he
parts due to its breadth. spent 10 years in the engineering consulting community after
completing his [Link].(Eng.) at the University of Guelph. He is
There is a strong drive by the ISA112’s members to develop a
senior member of the International Society of Automation
set of standardized terminology that can be used for
(ISA) and co-chair of the ISA112 SCADA System Standards
specifying, designing, implementing and managing SCADA
Committee. Contact: [Link]@[Link]
systems. The committee has also worked hard to develop an
easily applicable ISA112 SCADA lifecycle that can be applied

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AUTO-QUIZ: BACK TO BASICS ISA CAP and CCST certification programs provide a non-
Reynolds Number Review biased, third-party, objective assessment and confirmation of
an automation professional’s skills.
This automation industry quiz question comes from the ISA
Certified Control Systems Technician (CCST) program. The CAP exam is focused on direction, definition, design,
CCSTs calibrate, document, troubleshoot, and repair/replace development/application, deployment, documentation, and
instrumentation for systems that measure and control level, support of systems, software, and equipment used in control
temperature, pressure, flow, and other process variables systems, manufacturing information systems, systems
integration, and operational consulting.
Question:
Certified Control System Technicians (CCSTs) calibrate,
document, troubleshoot, and repair/replace instrumentation for
The Reynolds Number for a flowing fluid is most affected
systems that measure and control level, temperature, pressure,
by which of the following parameters?
flow, and other process variables.
a) viscosity Question originally appeared in the AutoQuiz column of
b) pressure [Link] Reprinted with permission.
c) friction factor
d) temperature
e) none of the above
Answer:
The Reynolds Number for a flowing fluid can be generalized
as the ratio of kinetic (or inertial) forces divided by viscous
forces. Although friction factor and temperature do affect
inertial forces and viscosity to some degree, and therefore,
Reynolds number, viscosity has the most direct effect upon the
value of the Reynolds Number.
The correct answer is A, "viscosity."
Reference: Goettsche, L.D. (Editor), Maintenance of
Instruments and Systems, 2nd Edition

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SOCIETY NEWS In my previous messages, I have written about our proposed

Progress Continues in a Challenging Year changes to Society bylaws. These will be put to the Council of
By Eric Cosman 2020 ISA Society President Society Delegates (CSD) for vote later this year. As we have
reviewed them with various stakeholder groups, there are
As we all continue to cope with the pandemic, several themes that have emerged. Perhaps the most
I hope that this finds you, your family, and fundamental of these has to do with the relationship between
friends safe and well. the Society and its sections.
It continues to be a challenging year for all of Several people have asked about how our proposed changes
us, as well as for our Society. Nonetheless, we might change the way in which sections conduct their
are still moving forward, and I want to use this opportunity to business. The short answer to this question is “Not at all.”
remind you of some recent developments and important Sections have an affiliation relationship with the Society that
milestones, and to share some of the themes that I have heard. permits them to use our brands and intellectual property for
Let’s start with the results of our recent election. I hope that mutual benefit. They also have an important governance role
you were able to exercise your franchise and help us to elect a through their representation on the CSD. However, they are
new slate of Society leaders. If not, please make a note to independent legal entities with a great deal of latitude with
yourself to participate next year, as this is your opportunity to respect to how they conduct their regular business, subject to
help set our direction. I congratulate Carlos Mandolesi on his Society bylaws.
election as President-Elect for 2021. I’ve had the pleasure of This has been a valuable and successful partnership since the
working with him for several years and I am excited that he is Society was formed, and it continues to be one of the
joining the presidential chain. I also offer my congratulations backbone concepts of our organization. Sections are a major
to those elected to the Executive Board. Some are new, and source of our strength, providing leaders who go on to fill
some are returning, perhaps in slightly different roles. I even larger roles in ISA. They also keep us grounded in
believe that we have an excellent balance of continuity and serving the needs of our profession in the various geographical
new faces on the Board for 2021 and beyond. areas.
Our Society has also selected our award winners for 2020. There is another theme that has arisen frequently in various
Although we will not be able to have formal award conversations. It has to do with how our members can find
presentations this year, we will do all that we can recognize opportunities to contribute to activities at the Society level.
these accomplishments. As part of this process, we have Current leaders often hear statements like “I was not aware of
named several new ISA Fellows. I extend my personal that” or “How can I get involved?”
congratulations to Donald Dunn, Donald Rahn, John Sorge,
and Richard Van Fleet. This is a recognition of their These questions appear to indicate that there are opportunities
significant accomplishments and contributions to our Society for improvement in our communication to members about
and the automation profession. available opportunities. Fortunately, ISA Connect, in addition
to allowing us to engage in technical discussions, also allows
We have other significant milestones coming this year. After us to search for and be matched with opportunities to get
some delays we are all looking forward to the launch of a new involved. As Connect launches, you will have the opportunity
Society web site, with associated better tools for collaboration. to complete a volunteer profile. This is an important first step.
Many of you have heard about the new collaboration tools that Tell us how you are interested in engaging so that we can find
we will have as part of ISA Connect, which is scheduled to be opportunities for you. With the full power of our members, we
available in late August. Some of you have no doubt been are better enabled to advance the Society.
among the “early adopters.” While the availability of the tool
is certainly important, this is only a prerequisite for improved As you can see, we have made considerable progress with
collaboration and information sharing. To get the full benefit respect to our strategy this year and are well-positioned to
of this new capability, we will all have to consider how we continue in this direction. As we do every year, we will be
collaborate and perhaps change some of our work processes. reviewing our strategic plan later this year and making any
For example, posting to the discussion groups on ISA Connect adjustments required. If you have questions, concerns, or
can be much more effective and inclusive than email. suggestions about our plan—or anything else about the
Society’s direction—I encourage you to submit your thoughts
Let’s not forget about our 75th anniversary celebration. via email to President@[Link].
Although we have had to make some changes to our plans in
the face of the pandemic, many aspects are proceeding
unchanged. Our 75 in 2020 website has links to information Stay safe.
about the program. One important initiative is ISA Gives
Back, where we encourage all of members to consider Eric Cosman
pledging at least 7.5 hours in service to their community this 2020 ISA President
year. Those participating can also submit photos of their
activities. This is a great way to contribute to the community
and raise awareness of our Society.

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

Call for Newsletter Articles WWID Newsletter Advertising

The WWID newsletter is published four times a year (winter, The WWID newsletter is an excellent way to announce new
spring, summer, and fall) and reaches the WWID’s over 1,600 products and services to the water/wastewater automation
members. Each issue is approximately 16-32 pages long, and community. With a distribution of 2,000+ professionals in the
is electronically printed in color PDF format. A notification automation, instrumentation and SCADA fields, the WWID
email goes out to all WWID members and it is available for newsletter is an effective targeted advertising tool.
public download at [Link]/wwid/.
The WWID newsletter is published quarterly, on the following
We are always on the lookout for good articles, and we approximate publication schedule:
welcome both solicited and unsolicited submissions.
 Winter Issue – published in January/February
Article submissions should be 500-2000 words in length and
be written for a general audience. While it is understood that  Spring Issue – published in April/May
the articles are technical in nature, the use of technical jargon
and/or unexplained acronyms should be avoided. We actively  Summer Issue – published in July/August
encourage authors to include several photos and/or figures to
go along with their article.  Fall Issue – published in October/November
We actively welcome articles from all of our members. Advertising in the newsletter is offered in full page and
However, we do ask that articles be non-commercial in nature quarter page formats. Advertisements can be purchased on a
wherever possible. One or two mentions of company and/or per issue basis or for four issues at a time. The newsletter
product names for the purposes of identification are itself is distributed as a full-color PDF, so both color and
acceptable, but the focus of the article should be technical black/white artwork is acceptable.
content and not just sales literature. If you are unsure of
whether your article idea is workable, please contact our The current advertising rates are as follows:
newsletter editor for more information – we are here to help.
Per Issue:
Some examples of the types of articles we are looking for
 Full page, full color (7” x 9”): $500
include:
 Full page, full color, (8.5x11”) , with bleed $600
 Explanatory/teaching articles that are meant to introduce or  Half page horizontal, full color (7”x4.5”): $350
explain a technical aspect of automation and/or  Half page vertical, full color (3.5”x9”): $350
instrumentation in the water/wastewater sector.  Quarter page, full color (3.5” W x 4.5” H): $250
 Biographical stories about personalities and/or leaders in
the water/wastewater sector. Per Year: Apply 20% discount if purchasing 4 ads at a time

 Case Studies about plant upgrades and/or the application of Other sizes of advertisements are available, but are priced on
new technologies and techniques. This type of article must an individual basis. Contact us for more information.
include at least two photos along with the article text.
Please book advertising space as early as possible before the
 Pictorial Case Studies about a plant upgrade consisting of intended publication date. Artwork for advertisements should
4-6 photos plus a brief 200-500 word description of the be submitted a minimum of two weeks prior to the publication
project undertaken. The article should ideally include one date; earlier is always better than later. Artwork for
to two paragraphs about lessons learned and/or advice for advertisements can be submitted in EPS, PDF, PNG, JPG or
other automation professionals. GIF formats. EPS, PDF and PNG formats are preferred.
 Historical reflections on changes in technology pertaining Images should be at least 300dpi resolution if possible.
to specific aspects of instrumentation or automation, and
how these changes point to the future. The ISA Water/Wastewater Industry Division is run on a non-
profit basis for the benefit of its members. Monies raised from
 Discussions about changes in the water/wastewater sector the sale of advertising in the newsletter are used to help offset
and how these affect automation professionals. the cost of division programming and events. Like its parent
organization, the ISA, the WWID is a non-profit member-
Once we receive a submission, we will work with you to edit driven organization.
it so it is suitable for publication in the newsletter.
For more information, or to discuss other advertisement sizes
Article submissions can be sent to the WWID newsletter not outlined above, please contact the WWID newsletter editor
editor Graham Nasby at [Link]@[Link]. Graham Nasby at [Link]@[Link].

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 ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division Newsletter Summer 2020

WWID Board Member Contacts Scholarship Committee Chair

& Asst. Newsletter Editor
Director (2020-2021) Kevin Patel, PE, MBA
Don Dickinson Signature Automation
Phoenix Contact USA Dallas, Texas, USA
Cary, North Carolina, USA Tel (469) 619-1241
Tel: (919) 633-0147 knpatel@[Link]
ddickinson@[Link]
Committee Member
Director-elect David Hobart, [Link], CAP
& 2020 Conference Contact Hobart Automation Engineering
Manoj Yegnaraman, PE, CP/CE(Profibus) Tel (802) 253-4634 – Portland, Maine, USA
Carollo Engineers Inc. dghobart@[Link]
Dallas, Texas, USA
Tel: (972) 239-9949 ext. 44424 Student Scholarship Committee Members
myegnaraman@[Link] Kevin Patel, Signature Automation (chair), knpatel@[Link]
Sean McMillan, Jones & Carter, [Link]@[Link]
2020 Assistant Symposium Contact Steve Valdez, General Electric, svaldez1210@[Link]
Hassan Ajami Thomas C. McAvinew, I&C Engineering, tcmcav@[Link]
PCI Vertix Wally Ingham, Consultant, wally1234ingham@[Link]
Detroit, Michigan, USA
Tel: 313-874-5877 ISA Staff Contacts – Division Services
hajami@[Link] Andrea Holovach, Rachael McGuffin,
Karen Modrow, MaChelle Beason
Secretary Treasurer ISA Headquarters, 67 T.W. Alexander Drive, PO Box 12277,
David Wilcoxson, PE Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
Stantec Consulting Inc. Tel: (919) 990-9404
Concord, California, USA Fax: (919) 549-8288
Tel: (925) 627-4561 – divisions@[Link]
[Link]@[Link]
ISA Water/Wastewater Division Links:
Past Director Website: [Link]
Pavol Segedy, PE Blog: [Link]/blog/
HDR Inc.
Raleigh, North Carolina, USA ISA Microsite: [Link]/wwid/
Tel: (919) 427-5313 ISA Connect: [Link]
[Link]@[Link] LinkedIn: [Link]
Facebook: [Link]
Membership Chair
Colleen Goldsborough ISA Customer Service
United Electric Supply ISA Headquarters - Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA Tel: 1 (919) 990-9404
Tel. (717) 392-8500 Fax: (919) 549-8288
cgoldsborough@[Link] Email: info@[Link]

Program Chair About the ISA Water/Wastewater Industries Division

Joe Provenzano
KPRO Engineering Services The ISA Water / Wastewater Industry Division (WWID) is
Naugatuck, Connecticut, USA concerned with all aspects of instrumentation and automated-
Tel: (203) 560-1816 control related to commercial and public systems associated
provenzano2@[Link] with water and wastewater management. Membership in the
Newsletter Editor
WWID provides the latest news and information relating to
& Co-Chair, ISA112 SCADA Systems Standards Committee instrumentation and control systems in water and wastewater
Graham Nasby, [Link], PMP, CAP management, including water processing and distribution, as
City of Guelph Water Services well as wastewater collection and treatment. The division
Guelph, Ontario, Canada actively supports ISA conferences and events that provide
Tel: (519) 822-1260 ext. 2192 presentations and published proceedings of interest to the
[Link]@[Link] municipal water/wastewater sector. The division also
publishes a quarterly newsletter, and has a scholarship
program to encourage young people to pursue careers in the
water/wastewater automation, instrumentation and SCADA
field. For more information see [Link]/wwid/ and
[Link]

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