BLOKCHAIN PROJECT REPORT

By :

- Azer Raissi

- Adem Ben Hamed

3 IOTSE

Discipline : Blokchain

Teacher name : Hafsa Amal

 ABSTRACT

Decentralized voting using Ethereum blockchain is a secure, transparent and tamper-proof way of
conducting online voting. It is a decentralized application built on the Ethereum blockchain network,
which allows participants to cast their votes and view the voting results without the need for
intermediaries. In this system, votes are recorded on the blockchain, making it impossible for anyone
to manipulate or alter the results. The use of smart contracts ensures that the voting process is
automated, transparent, and secure. The use of the blockchain technology and the implementation of a
decentralized system provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for conducting trustworthy and fair
elections.
 CONTENTS

Sl No Chapter Name Page No

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction to Blockchain

1.2 Decentralized Voting Using Blockchain

2 Literature survey 3

2.1 Literature survey on Online Voting System Using

Blockchain

2.2 A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

on Scalable Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting
Systems

2.3 A Survey of Blockchain Based on E-voting Systems

2.4 Survey on Voting System using Blockchain

Technology

2.5 A Survey on Smart Electronic Voting System

Using Blockchain Technology

3 Existing System 6

3.1 Brief Explanation of Existing Systems

3.2 Disadvantages of Existing System

4 Proposed System 7

4.1 Brief Explanation of Proposed System

4.2 Advantages of Proposed System
4.3 Objective of the Proposed Research
4.4 System Architecture
 CONTENTS
Sl No Chapter Name Page No

5 Modules 10
6 System Design 11

6.1 Requirement Analysis

6.2 Data Flow Diagram
6.3 ER Diagram
6.4 Use Case Diagram

7 Coding 15
8 Testing 25

8.1 Types of Testing

8.2 Test Results

Conclusion and Future Enhancement 29

Screenshots 30
 List of Figures

Sl No Figure Name System Page No

1 2 3 Architecture Level 0 data 8

456 flow diagram Level 1 12

data flow diagram Level 12

2 data flow diagram ER 13

Diagram Use Case 13

Diagram 14
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Blockchain

Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger technology that allows participants in a

network to share and validate transactions in a secure and transparent manner
without the need for intermediaries. The technology is designed to be decentralized,
meaning that the data is stored on a network of computers instead of a central
database. This makes it difficult to hack or manipulate the data, ensuring the integrity
and security of the system.

The blockchain technology gained popularity with the emergence of Bitcoin, which was the
first decentralized cryptocurrency. However, the technology has since been applied to
various industries, including finance, supply chain management, healthcare, and voting,
among others.

Blockchain works by creating blocks of data that are linked together in a chain, hence the
name blockchain. Each block contains a unique code, known as a hash, that is generated
based on the contents of the block. This hash is then used to link the block to the previous
one, forming a chain of blocks.

Once a block is added to the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted without the
consensus of the network participants. This makes the technology immutable, ensuring that
the data stored on the blockchain is tamper-proof and transparent.

Overall, blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we store and share
data, making it more secure, transparent, and accessible.

1
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

1.2 Decentralized Voting Using Blockchain

A decentralized voting system built on the Ethereum blockchain has the potential to
revolutionize the way we conduct elections. By leveraging the security, transparency,
and immutability of blockchain technology, decentralized voting systems can eliminate
many of the challenges and risks associated with traditional voting systems.

In a decentralized voting system, each voter has a unique digital identity, and their vote is
recorded on the blockchain, ensuring that the vote is tamper-proof and cannot be altered.
Decentralized voting systems also eliminate the need for intermediaries, such as government
agencies, to oversee the election process, making it more efficient and less susceptible to
corruption or manipulation.

Furthermore, decentralized voting systems can increase voter participation by allowing

voters to cast their ballots from anywhere in the world, as long as they have an internet
connection. This can lead to a more democratic and inclusive electoral process, with greater
voter engagement and higher turnout. Overall, a decentralized voting system using the
Ethereum blockchain has the potential to bring significant benefits to the electoral process,
making it more secure, transparent, and accessible to everyone.

2
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Literature survey on Online Voting System Using Blockchain

Highly advanced security methods are necessary to introduce effective online voting system
in the whole world. The aspect of security and transparency is a threat from global election
with the conventional system. General elections still use a centralized system where one
organization that manages it. Some of the problems that can occur in traditional electoral
systems are with an organization that has full control over the database and system, it is
possible to manipulate with the database. This paper presents a survey on some previous
voting system that is used by different countries and organizations.

2.2 A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Scalable Blockchain-

Based Electronic Voting Systems

Electronic voting systems must find solutions to various issues with authentication, data
privacy and integrity, transparency, and verifiability. On the other hand, Blockchain
technology offers an innovative solution to many of these problems. The scalability of
Blockchain has arisen as a fundamental barrier to realizing the promise of this technology,
especially in electronic voting. This study seeks to highlight the solutions regarding scalable
Blockchain-based electronic voting systems and the issues linked with them while also
attempting to foresee future developments. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used to
complete the task, leading to the selection of 76 articles in the English language from 1
January 2017 to 31 March 2022 from the famous databases. This SLR was conducted to

3
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

identify well-known proposals, their implementations, verification methods, various

cryptographic solutions in previous research to evaluate cost and time. It also
identifies performance parameters, the primary advantages and obstacles presented
by different systems, and the most common approaches for Blockchain scalability. In
addition, it outlines several possible research avenues for developing a scalable
electronic voting system based on Blockchain technology. This research helps future
research before proposing or developing any solutions to keep in mind all the voting
requirements, merits, and demerits of the proposed solutions and provides further
guidelines for scalable voting solutions.
2.3 A Survey of Blockchain Based on E-voting Systems

Blockchain technology as a decentralized and distributed public ledger in a P2P network has
recently gained much attention. In this technology, a linked block structure is applied, and a
trusted consensus mechanism is established to synchronize data modifications, making it
possible to develop a tamper-proof digital platform for data storage and sharing. We think
that blockchain could be used in various interactive online systems, such as the Internet of
Things, supply chain systems, voting systems, etc. The scope of this survey is to shed light
on some recent contributions of the security and privacy issues associated with e-voting
based on blockchain. At the end of this paper, we provided a comparison for the security and
privacy requirements of the existing e-voting systems based on blockchain.

2.4 Survey on Voting System using Blockchain Technology

The use of information technology has in some ways revolutionized in many sectors. E-
voting is said to be a symbol of modern democracy. While research on the topic is still
emerging, it has mostly focused on the technical and legal issues instead of taking advantage
of this technology and implementing it for good cause. Usefulness of e-voting will perform
best when compared with the existing framework. The word Vote means to choose a
candidate from a given list of candidates who will lead the organization or the group .The
main goal of voting is to practice voting in such a way that every person votes to elect their

4
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

leader. Most countries in the world, India is no exception, had trouble voting. Voting is
still carried out in countries in physical mode. This physical mode process is not safe
as it can be manipulated by members of voting commitment. There are many issues
such as voting stations being too far and improper voting tools. The proposed flagship
internet-based online voting system supported by blockchain technology solves this
very problem. Blockchain technology uses encryption and hashing techniques with
which it makes voting secure. In this case, each vote is considered as a unique
transaction. A private blockchain is created using a peer to peer network where we
store voting transactions. This application is programmed in such a way so that the
details of voting are abstract from the user. Users will be given enough time for voting
with the system running. The main purpose of this paper is to come up with a new
unique solution, which does not require any technical skills. Since
voting is in online mode, increased voter turnout is likely. In this project, the concept of
developing an electronic voting system using blockchain technology is implemented.

2.5 A Survey on Smart Electronic Voting System Using Blockchain Technology

India is the world’s largest democracy with a population of more than 1 billion; India has an
electorate of more than 668 million and covers 543 parliamentary constituencies. Voting is
the bridge between the governed and government. The last few years have brought a
renewed focus on to the technology used in the voting process. The current voting system
has many security holes, and it is difficult to prove even simple security properties about
them. A voting system that can be proven correct has many concerns. There are some
reasons for a government to use electronic systems are to increase elections activities and to
reduce the elections expenses. Still there is some scope of work in electronic voting system
because there is no way of identification by the electronic voting system whether the user is
authentic or not and securing electronic voting machine from miscreants. The proposed
system is to develop a compatible voting machine with high security by using Block-chain
technology in order to increase security and transparency between the users.

5
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 3
EXISTING SYSTEM

3.1 Brief Explanation of existing system

The existing voting system typically involves voters physically visiting a designated
polling place to cast their vote on paper ballots. These ballots are then manually
counted and recorded. Some countries also have electronic voting systems in place,
which allow voters to cast their votes electronically through machines or the internet.
However, electronic voting systems have faced criticism due to security concerns and
potential vulnerabilities.

3.2 Disadvantages of existing system

1. Lack of transparency: In most voting systems, it's difficult for voters to know
whether their vote was counted correctly, and for observers to ensure that the vote
counting process is fair.

2. Vulnerability to fraud: Both paper ballots and electronic voting machines can
be vulnerable to tampering, hacking and other types of fraud. This can be
especially problematic when there is no paper trail or other way to audit the
results.
3. Slow results: Counting paper ballots can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive
process, which can delay the announcement of election results.

4. Cost: Running a traditional voting system can be expensive, requiring the hiring of
poll workers, the purchase of voting machines or paper ballots, and the rental of
polling places.

5. Centralization: Many traditional voting systems are centralized, meaning that

they are controlled by a small number of authorities. This can create the potential
for abuse of power or manipulation of the voting process.

6. Limited Accessibility: Some voting systems require voters to travel to specific

polling places, which can be difficult or impossible for people with disabilities,
limited mobility, or other challenges. This can result in voter disenfranchisement.

6
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.1 Brief explanation of proposed system

The proposed decentralized voting system using Ethereum blockchain aims to provide
a transparent and tamper-proof solution for conducting elections. By leveraging smart
contracts on the Ethereum network, the system enables secure and anonymous voting,
while ensuring the integrity and immutability of the voting data. This would increase
voter trust in the election process and reduce the risk of fraud or manipulation.

4.2 Advantages of Proposed System

 Decentralization ensures that no party controls the voting process.

 Transparency throughout the voting process.

 It is tamper proof.

 Voters can vote from any part of the world.

 This method of voting is cost effective.

 The results are provided in real time.

4.3 Objectives of the Proposed Research

1. Security: The proposed system aims to provide a secure platform for

conducting elections, eliminating the possibility of tampering with votes, and
ensuring that the election results are transparent and verifiable.

2. Transparency: The proposed system aims to provide complete transparency to the

voters, allowing them to view the entire voting process, including the vote counting
and results.

7
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

3. Accessibility: The proposed system aims to make the voting process more
accessible to all eligible voters by eliminating the need for physical presence at a
polling station, thus increasing voter turnout.

4. Efficiency: The system aims to increase the efficiency of the voting process by
reducing the time and resources required to conduct elections. Since the system is
automated and eliminates the need for intermediaries, it can significantly reduce the
cost and time associated with traditional voting methods.

5. Trust: The proposed system aims to increase trust in the voting process by providing
a transparent and tamper-proof mechanism for recording and tallying votes.

4.4 System Architecture

Figure 1 System Architecture

8
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

User enters the credentials (voter id & password) and they are matched with the
database. If the match is found user is either redirected to admin page or voter page
as per their role corresponding to the credentials in the database. Once the admin is
logged in he/she can start the voting process by adding candidates and defining dates.
Voter can vote once the voting process has been started. Once the voter has voted the
transaction is recorded to the blockchain and the voting page is updated with real-
time votes.

9
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 5
MODULES

5.1 Modules

1. Voter - The voter module is designed for individuals who are eligible to participate in
the voting process. It provides functionalities related to the voting experience and
ensures the integrity and security of the votes. The main features of the voter module
include:

a. Voters can securely authenticate themselves to access the voting system using
their unique credentials.

b. Voters can access information about the candidates running for various
positions, such as their names, parties, and other relevant details.

c. Voters can verify the status of their votes and ensure that their choices are
accurately recorded in the blockchain.

2. Admin - The admin module is designed for administrators or election officials

responsible for managing and overseeing the voting system. It provides functionalities
to configure and monitor the voting process. The main features of the admin module
include:

a. Admins can set up the system parameters, such as defining the start and end
dates of the voting period, candidate registration, and other administrative
settings.

b. Admin can manually verify the candidate and can start the voting process.

10
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM DESIGN

6.1 Requirement Analysis

In order to effectively design and develop a system, it is important to understand and

document the requirements of the system. The process of gathering and documenting
the requirements of a system is known as requirement analysis. It helps to identify the
goals of the system, the stakeholders and the constraints within which the system will
be developed. The requirements serve as a blueprint for the development of the
system and provide a reference point for testing and validation.

Hardware Requirements
o Processor – 2 GHz or more
o RAM – 4 GB or more
o Disk Space – 100 GB or more

Software Requirements
o Node.js (version – 18.14.0)
o Web3.js (version – 1.8.2)
o Truffle (version – 5.7.6)
o Solidity (version – 0.5.16)
o Ganache (version – 7.7.3)
o Metamask
o Python (version – 3.9)
o FastAPI
o MySQL Database (port – 3306)

11
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

6.2 Data Flow Diagram

 Level 0 data flow diagram

Figure 2 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram

Level 1 data flow diagram

Figure 3 Level 1 Data Flow Diagram

12
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

Level 2 data flow diagram

Figure 4 Level 2 Data Flow Diagram

6.3 ER Diagram

Figure 5 ER Diagram

13
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

6.5 Use Case Diagram

Figure 6 Use Case Diagram

14
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 7
CODING

1. Migrations.sol
pragma solidity ^0.5.15;

contract Migrations {
address public owner;
uint public last_completed_migration;

modifier restricted() {
require(msg.sender == owner, "Access restricted to owner");
_;
}
constructor() public {

owner = msg.sender;
}

function setCompleted(uint completed) public restricted {

last_completed_migration = completed;
}

function upgrade(address new_address) public restricted {

Migrations upgraded = Migrations(new_address);
upgraded.setCompleted(last_completed_migration);
}
}

15
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

2. Voting.sol
pragma solidity ^0.5.15;

contract Voting {
struct Candidate {
uint id;
string name;
string party;
uint voteCount;
}

mapping (uint => Candidate) public candidates;

mapping (address => bool) public voters;

uint public countCandidates;

uint256 public votingEnd;
uint256 public votingStart;

function addCandidate(string memory name, string memory party)

public returns(uint) {
countCandidates ++;
candidates[countCandidates] = Candidate(countCandidates,
name, party, 0);
return countCandidates;
}

function vote(uint candidateID) public {

require((votingStart <= now) && (votingEnd > now));

require(candidateID > 0 && candidateID <= countCandidates);

//daha önce oy kullanmamıs olmalı

require(!voters[msg.sender]);
voters[msg.sender] = true;

candidates[candidateID].voteCount ++;
}
function checkVote() public view returns(bool){

return voters[msg.sender];
}

16
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

function getCountCandidates() public view returns(uint) {

return countCandidates;
}
function getCandidate(uint candidateID) public view returns
(uint,string memory, string memory,uint) {
return
(candidateID,candidates[candidateID].name,candidates[candidateID].party,
candidates[candidateID].voteCount);
}
function setDates(uint256 _startDate, uint256 _endDate) public{

require((votingEnd == 0) && (votingStart == 0) && (_startDate +

1000000 > now) && (_endDate > _startDate));
votingEnd = _endDate;
votingStart = _startDate;
}
function getDates() public view returns (uint256,uint256) {

return (votingStart,votingEnd);
}
}

17
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

3. App.js
const Web3 = require('web3');
const contract = require('@truffle/contract');
const votingArtifacts = require('../../build/contracts/Voting.json');
var VotingContract = contract(votingArtifacts)

window.App = {
eventStart: function() {
window.ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
VotingContract.setProvider(window.ethereum)
VotingContract.defaults({from:
window.ethereum.selectedAddress,gas:6654755})

// Load account data

App.account = window.ethereum.selectedAddress;
$("#accountAddress").html("Your Account: " +
window.ethereum.selectedAddress);
VotingContract.deployed().then(function(instance){
instance.getCountCandidates().then(function(countCandidates){

$(document).ready(function(){
$('#addCandidate').click(function() {
var nameCandidate = $('#name').val();
var partyCandidate = $('#party').val();
instance.addCandidate(nameCandidate,partyCandidate).the
n(function(result){ })

});
$('#addDate').click(function(){
var startDate =
Date.parse(document.getElementById("startDate").value)/1000;

var endDate
= Date.parse(document.getElementById("endDate").value)/1000;

instance.setDates(startDate,endDate).then(function(rsl
t){
console.log("tarihler verildi");
});

});

instance.getDates().then(function(result){

18
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

var startDate = new Date(result[0]*1000);

var endDate = new Date(result[1]*1000);
$("#dates").text(
startDate.toDateString(("#DD#/#MM#/#YYYY#")) + " - " +
endDate.toDateString("#DD#/#MM#/#YYYY#"));
}).catch(function(err){
console.error("ERROR! " + err.message)
});
});

for (var i = 0; i < countCandidates; i++ ){

instance.getCandidate(i+1).then(function(data){
var id = data[0];
var name = data[1];
var party = data[2];
var voteCount = data[3];
var viewCandidates = `<tr><td> <input class="form-check-
input" type="radio" name="candidate" value="${id}" id=${id}>` + name +
"</td><td>" + party + "</td><td>" + voteCount + "</td></tr>"
$("#boxCandidate").append(viewCandidates)
})
}
window.countCandidates = countCandidates

});
instance.checkVote().then(function (voted) {

console.log(voted);
if(!voted) {
$("#voteButton").attr("disabled", false);

}
});

}).catch(function(err){
console.error("ERROR! " + err.message)
})
},
vote: function() {

var candidateID = $("input[name='candidate']:checked").val();

if (!candidateID) {
$("#msg").html("<p>Please vote for a candidate.</p>")
return
}
VotingContract.deployed().then(function(instance){

19
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

instance.vote(parseInt(candidateID)).then(function(result){
$("#voteButton").attr("disabled", true);
$("#msg").html("<p>Voted</p>");
window.location.reload(1);
})
}).catch(function(err){
console.error("ERROR! " + err.message)
})
}
}
window.addEventListener("load", function() {
if (typeof web3 !== "undefined") {
console.warn("Using web3 detected from external source like
Metamask")
window.eth = new Web3(window.ethereum)
} else {
console.warn("No web3 detected. Falling back to
http://localhost:9545. You should remove this fallback when you deploy
live, as it's inherently insecure. Consider switching to Metamask for
deployment. More info here:
http://truffleframework.com/tutorials/truffle-and-metamask")
window.eth = new Web3(new
Web3.providers.HttpProvider("http://127.0.0.1:9545"))
}
window.App.eventStart()
})

20
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

4. Login.js
const loginForm = document.getElementById('loginForm');

loginForm.addEventListener('submit', (event) => {

event.preventDefault();
const voter_id = document.getElementById('voter-id').value;
const password = document.getElementById('password').value;
const token = voter_id;

const headers = {
'method': "GET",
'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`,
};
f et ch (` ht tp :/ /1 27 .0 .0 .1 :8 00 0/ lo gin ? vot er _i d= ${ vo te r_ id

sword}`, { headers })
.then(response => {
if (response.ok) {
return response.json();
} else {
throw new Error('Login failed');
}
})
.then(data => {
if (data.role === 'admin') {
console.log(data.role)
localStorage.setItem('jwtTokenAdmin', data.token);
window.location.replace(`http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin.html?Authoriz
ation=Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('jwtTokenAdmin')}`);
} else if (data.role === 'user'){
localStorage.setItem('jwtTokenVoter', data.token);
window.location.replace(`http://127.0.0.1:8080/index.html?Authoriz
ation=Bearer ${localStorage.getItem('jwtTokenVoter')}`);
}
})
.catch(error => {
console.error('Login failed:', error.message);
});
});

21
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

5. Main.py
# Import required modules
import dotenv
import os
import mysql.connector
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, status, Request
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from mysql.connector import errorcode
import jwt
# Loading the environment variables
dotenv.load_dotenv()
# Initialize the todoapi app
app = FastAPI()
# Define the allowed origins for CORS
origins = [

"http://localhost:8080",
"http://127.0.0.1:8080",
]

# Add CORS middleware

app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=origins,
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"],
)
# Connect to the MySQL database
try:
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(
user=os.environ['MYSQL_USER'],
password=os.environ['MYSQL_PASSWORD'],
host=os.environ['MYSQL_HOST'],
database=os.environ['MYSQL_DB'],
)
cursor = cnx.cursor()
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
if err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
print("Something is wrong with your user name or password")

22
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

elif err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:

print("Database does not exist")
else:
print(err)

# Define the authentication middleware

async def authenticate(request: Request):
try:
api_key = request.headers.get('authorization').replace("Bearer
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM voters WHERE voter_id = %s",
", "")

(api_key,))
if api_key not in [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Forbidden"
)
except:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Forbidden"
)

# Define the POST endpoint for login

@app.get("/login")
async def login(request: Request, voter_id: str, password: str):
await authenticate(request)
role = await get_role(voter_id, password)

# Assuming authentication is successful, generate a token

token = jwt.encode({'password': password, 'voter_id': voter_id,
'role': role}, os.environ['SECRET_KEY'], algorithm='HS256')

return {'token': token, 'role': role}

# Replace 'admin' with the actual role based on authentication

async def get_role(voter_id, password):
try:
cursor.execute("SELECT role FROM voters WHERE voter_id = %s AND
password = %s", (voter_id, password,))
role = cursor.fetchone()
if role:
return role[0]
else:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
detail="Invalid voter id or password"

23
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

)
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
print(err)
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
detail="Database error"
)

6. Package.json

{
"name": "decentralized-voting",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
}, "author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {

"jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.0",
"@truffle/contract": "^4.6.18",
"browserify": "^17.0.0",
"dotenv": "^16.0.3",
"express": "^4.18.2",
"web3": "^1.9.0"
}
}

24
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CHAPTER 8
TESTING

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether
it satisfies the specified requirements or not. It includes a set of techniques and methods to
identify defects, bugs, performance issues and providing a reliable and quality product. The goal
is to identify issues as early as possible and improve the overall quality of the system.

8.1 Types of Testing

8.1.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing is a type of testing that is used to evaluate the individual units or
components of a software system. This type of testing helps ensure that each unit
or component of the system is working correctly and is able to perform its intended
function.

8.1.2 Integration Testing

Integration testing is a type of testing that is used to evaluate how well the
different units or components of a software system work together. This type of
testing helps to identify and resolve issues related to compatibility, performance,
and data flow between the different units or components.

8.1.3 Functional Testing

Functional testing is a type of testing that is used to evaluate how well a system or
software performs the specific functions or tasks that it is designed to perform. It is
done by testing the system or software with various inputs and verifying that the
outputs are correct. This type of testing ensures that the system or software is
working as intended and is able to perform the functions it was designed to
perform.

25
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

8.1.4 White Box Testing

White box testing, also known as structural testing or glass-box testing, is a type of
testing that examines the internal structure and implementation of a software
system. It involves testing the code itself and checking that it is functioning
correctly and adhering to coding standards. This type of testing helps to identify
and resolve issues related to logic, control flow, and data structures within the
system.

8.1.4 Black Box Testing

Black box testing, also known as functional testing, is a type of testing that
examines the external behavior and interfaces of a software system. It involves
testing the system from the user's perspective, without looking at the internal
structure or implementation, and checking that it is functioning correctly and
meeting the requirements. This type of testing helps to identify and resolve issues
related to usability, compatibility, and performance.

8.2 Test Results

8.2.1 Test Case 1

Test Case No. 1

Test Type Unit Test
Name of Test Checking JWT Authorization
Test Case Description The objective of this test case is to check jwt authorization.
Input Login and Password
Expected Output User should not be able to login without proper authorization.
Actual Output User cannot access voting or admin page without authorization.
Result Pass
Comments Working properly.

26
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

8.2.2 Test Case 2

Test Case No. 2

Test Type Functional Test
Name of Test Verify user login
Test Case Description The objective of this test case is to verify that user can login to the
voting portal.
Input Voter_id and password
Expected Output User must be able to login if credentials match the database, else
unauthorized error is shown.
Actual Output User is able to login with correct credentials only.
Result Pass
Comments Working properly.

8.2.3 Test Case 3

Test Case No. 3

Test Type Unit Test
Name of Test Verify candidate registration
Test Case Description The objective of this test case is to verify that candidate can be
registered by admin.
Input Candidate name and party.
Expected Output Registration transaction should be successful.
Actual Output Registration transaction is successful.
Result Pass
Comments Working properly.

27
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

8.2.4 Test Case 4

Test Case No. 4

Test Type Unit Test
Name of Test Verify date registration
Test Case Description The objective of this test case is to verify that date of voting can
be specified by admin.
Input Starting and ending date
Expected Output Date transaction should be successful.
Actual Output Date transaction is successful.
Result Pass
Comments Working properly.

8.2.5 Test Case 5

Test Case No. 5

Test Type Functional Test
Name of Test Verify voting
Test Case Description The objective of this test case is to verify that voter is able to cast
their vote.
Input Select a candidate and click “Vote” button.
Expected Output Vote transaction should be successful.
Actual Output Vote transaction is successful.
Result Pass
Comments Working properly.

28
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Conclusion:

Decentralized Voting with Ethereum Blockchain offers a robust and transparent

solution for secure elections. By leveraging blockchain technology, it ensures the
integrity of votes and provides a tamper-proof platform. With continued
enhancements, including improved user experience, scalability, and integration with
other cutting-edge technologies, it has the potential to revolutionize the democratic
process and empower citizens to participate in a trusted and efficient voting system. It
represents a significant step towards building a more democratic and accountable
society.

Future Enhancement:

In future iterations, the decentralized voting system can be enhanced by implementing

additional features such as real-time vote counting, secure voter identification
mechanisms, advanced data analytics for voter insights, and integration with emerging
technologies like artificial intelligence and biometrics. These enhancements will
further enhance the efficiency, security, and accessibility of the voting process, making
it more inclusive and trustworthy.

29
 Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

SCREENSHOTS

30
Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

31