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Course 2 DB & DBMS

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23 views

Course 2 DB & DBMS

Uploaded by

fifa03fifa3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFORMATIQUE 2 EME ANNEE

Course 2:
Introduction to databases and DBMS

1. Definition of a database
A database (DB) is an entity in which it is possible to store data in a structured
manner and with as little redundancy as possible. This data must be able to be used by
different programs or users.
A database is generally coupled to a network, in order to share this information,
hence the name “database”. We generally speak of an information system to designate
the entire structure bringing together the means put in place to be able to share data.

DATABASE

SERVER

CLIENTS

A database makes it possible to make data available to users for consultation, entry
or updating, while ensuring the rights granted to them. This is all the more useful as
computer data becomes more and more numerous.

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INFORMATIQUE 2 EME ANNEE

A database can be local, that is to say, usable on a machine by a user, or distributed,


that is to say that the information is stored on remote machines and accessible via
network.
The major advantage of using databases is the possibility of being accessed by
several users simultaneously.

2. Definition of a DBMS
A DBMS (DataBase Management System) is a set of services (software
applications) allowing to control data as well as users and manage databases, i.e:
• allow access to data in a simple way
• authorize access to information for multiple users
• manipulate the data present in the database (insertion, deletion, modification)
The DBMS can be broken down into three subsystems:

internal DBMS

external DBMS

file manager

The file management system: it allows to store informations on a physical medium


The internal DBMS: it manages the scheduling of information
The external DBMS: it represents the interface with the user

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INFORMATIQUE 2 EME ANNEE

3. DBMS models
The hierarchical model: the data is classified hierarchically, according to a
descending tree structure. This model uses pointers between different records. This
is the first DBMS model.

The network model: like the hierarchical model this model uses pointers to
records. However, the structure is no longer necessarily tree-like in the descending
direction.

The relational model (RDBMS, Relational Database Management System): data


is recorded in two-dimensional tables (rows and columns). The manipulation of this
data is done according to the mathematical theory of relationships.

The deductive model: the data is represented in table form, but its manipulation is
done by calculating predicates.
The object model (SGBDO, Object Database Management System): data is stored
in the form of objects, that is to say structures called classes presenting member
data. Fields are instances of these classes.

At the end of the 1990s, relational databases were the most widespread databases
(around three quarters of databases).
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INFORMATIQUE 2 EME ANNEE

1. Objectives of DBMS
In summary, here are the primary objectives of a DBMS:
1. Independence of programs from data;
2. Efficiency of data access;
3. Data sharing;
4. Data consistency;
5. Controlled data redundancies;
6. Data security.

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