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Lesson_10__Working_with_Views

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Lesson_10__Working_with_Views

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Working with Views

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

Illustrate SQL views

List the view manipulation methods

Utilize the view process algorithms

Implement CHECK constraints on views

SQL Views
SQL Views

In SQL, a view refers to a virtual table. It can be created by selecting fields from one or
more tables.

SYNTAX

CREATE VIEW view_name AS

SELECT column1, column2, column3,….
FROM table_name
WHERE condition…
View Manipulation Methods
Creating a View From a Single Table: Example

Problem Scenario: You are a data analyst in your company, and you are asked to create a temporary
table of employees with salary more than 22000.

Objective: Use the view command to create a temporary table for the condition mentioned above.
Creating a View From a Single Table: Example

Step 1: Create a table named employee records with the following data:

Emp_ID Emp_F_Name Emp_L_Name Emp_Salary Emp_Location

1134 Mark Jacobs 20000 New York

1256 John Barter 25000 California

1277 Michael Scar 22000 San Francisco

1300 Dan Harris 30000 Texas

Creating a View From a Single Table: Example

Step 2: Use the following view syntax to create a temporary table of employees with salary more
than 22000.

QUERY

CREATE VIEW Employee_View AS

SELECT Emp_ID, Emp_F_Name, Emp_Location
FROM Employee_Records
WHERE Emp_Salary>22000;
Creating a View from a Single Table: Example

To display the created view, enter: SELECT * FROM Employee_View;

Output:
Deleting or Dropping a View

DROP statement allows you to delete or drop a created view.

SYNTAX

DROP VIEW view_name;

Updating or Modifying a View

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW statement allows you to update a created view.

SYNTAX
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column2,…
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Updating or Modifying a View: Example

Suppose you want to display different columns in the same view name created earlier, then you can use
the replace view command.

Output:

QUERY

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Emp_VIew AS

SELECT Emp_ID, Emp_Location
FROM Employee_Records
WHERE Emp_Salary > 20000;
Altering a View

ALTER VIEW command allows you to change the SQL statements present in a view.

SYNTAX
ALTER VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1, column 2
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

ALTER VIEW is similar to replace view seen in the earlier slides.

Altering a View: Example

If you want to change the columns of a created Emp_View, then you use the alter command.

Output:

QUERY

ALTER VIEW Emp_View AS

SELECT Emp_ID, Emp_Salary
FROM Emp_Records
WHERE Emp_Salary>22000;
Renaming a View

Renaming tables and views in MySQL use the same namespace. Therefore, you can use the
RENAME_TABLE statement to rename a view.

SYNTAX

RENAME TABLE present_view_name TO new_view_name;

Renaming a View: Example

Consider the same employee records table and its view Emp view. If you want to rename the view
name that focuses more on the salary aspect, you can use the following syntax:

QUERY

RENAME TABLE Emp_view TO Emp_Salary_View;

Now, the output remains the same as the earlier view, but the view name must be changed to view
the results.
Replacing a View

REPLACE VIEW allows you to replace an existing view with a newly specified view.

SYNTAX

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS

SELECT column1, column2,…
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Updatable View

Updatable in MySQL refers to the ability of executing UPDATE and DELETE queries in the
database view.

To create an updatable view, you should avoid the following:

• Any aggregation function
• Subqueries in SELECT and WHERE clause
• UNION or UNION ALL
• Outer or Left Joins
• HAVING and GROUP BY clauses
Updatable View: Example

Problem Statement: You are a junior DB administrator in your organization. After appraisals, your
designation has been changed to Lead Data Scientist. Your Manager has asked you to update the role
change in the created view.

Objective: Create a view for employees, using the employee table, and update the record for the
employee named Roy.
Updatable View: Example

Step 1: Create a view called role name after appraisal

QUERY

CREATE VIEW Role_Name_After_Appraisal AS

SELECT Emp_ID, Emp_Name, Role_Name
FROM Emp_Table;
Updatable View: Example

Step 2: Update the role name of Roy using the following code:

QUERY

UPDATE Role_Name_After_Appraisal
SET Role_Name = "Lead Data Scientist“
WHERE
Emp_Name = "Roy";
Updatable View: Example

Step 3: Use the select view command as shown below to view the changes

Output:

QUERY

SELECT * FROM Role_Name_After_Appraisal;

Creating Views Using WITH CHECK OPTION

Specifies the level of checking

Is an optional clause when data is inserted or
updated through a view

• If specified, every row that is inserted or updated through the view must conform to the
definition of the view.
• If it is not specified, insert and update operations that are performed on the view are
not checked for conformance to view the definition.
Creating Views Using WITH CHECK OPTION: Example

Problem Statement: You are the junior DB administrator in your organization, and your Manger has
asked you to create a view that displays the Lead Data Scientist role from the employee table created
earlier. The view must only allow the addition of employee with the Lead designation. Any other
designation entered must prompt an error.

Objective: Create a view using the WITH CHECK OPTION to avoid addition of other designations.
Creating Views Using WITH CHECK OPTION: Example

Step 1: Create a view using the WITH CHECK OPTION to avoid addition of other
designations.

QUERY

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Lead_DS AS SELECT Emp_ID,

Emp_Name, Role_name, Dept, Experience
FROM Emp_Table
WHERE Role_name LIKE "%Lead%“
WITH CHECK OPTION;
Creating Views Using WITH CHECK OPTION: Example

Step 2: Insert a record of an employee whose designation is not Lead Data Scientist.

QUERY
Output:

INSERT INTO Lead_DS (Emp_ID, Emp_Name, Role_name,

Dept, Experience) values (333, "Mike", "Senior
Data Scientist","Finance",6);

When you insert the above values, you get the error message shown above.
Creating Views Using WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION

This clause specifies that every A row cannot be retrieved

row that is inserted or updated through the view if it does
through a view must conform to not conform to the definition
the definition of the view. of view.

If the keyword CASCADED is not specified with the WITH CHECK OPTION, then it is by
default taken as CASCADED.
Creating Views Using WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION: Example

QUERY QUERY

CREATE TABLE T1 (C INT); CREATE VIEW V2

CREATE VIEW V1 AS SELECT C AS
SELECT C FROM V1
FROM T1 WHERE C >10; WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION;
INSERT INTO V1 (C) VALUES (5); INSERT INTO V2(C) VALUES (5);

Without WITH CHECK OPTION With CASCADED CHECK OPTION

Output:
Creating Views Using WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION: Example

QUERY

CREATE VIEW V3 QUERY

AS
SELECT C INSERT INTO V3(C) VALUES (30);
FROM V2
WHERE C < 20;
INSERT INTO V3(C) VALUES (30);
INSERT INTO V3(C) VALUES (8);

Output:
Creating Views Using WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION

WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION clause is same as WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION clause, except
that you can update a row in such a way that it cannot be retrieved through the view.

This clause specifies that every row that is inserted or updated through a view must conform to the
definition of the view.

This occurs when the view is directly or indirectly dependent on a view that is defined without a
WITH CHECK OPTION.
Creating Views Using WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION: Example

QUERY
INSERT INTO V2(C) VALUES (5);
QUERY
ALTER VIEW V2 AS
SELECT C ALTER VIEW V2 AS
FROM V1
SELECT
WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION; C QUERY

FROM V1 INSERT INTO V3(C) VALUES (8);

WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION;

For views using WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION, MySQL checks the rules of views that have a WITH
LOCAL CHECK OPTION and a WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION.
Show Views

In MySQL, views are treated as tables with the type as VIEW. To list or show all the views in the
selected database, you need to use the SHOW FULL TABLES command.

SYNTAX

SHOW FULL TABLES WHERE table_type = ‘VIEW’;

Assisted Practice: VIEWS

Duration: 15 minutes

Problem Statement: Design a VIEW in MySQL which displays the employee’s name, location, and
project name from two different tables: data_scientist and project.
Assisted Practice: Views One

Steps to be performed:
1. Create a database with a suitable name, and then create a table named data_scientist with
multiple columns named emp_code, name, location, time, and designation.

TABLE CREATION:

CREATE TABLE `data_scientist`(

èmp_code` int NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`location` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
èxperience` int NOT NULL,
`designation` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (èmp_code`));
Assisted Practice: Views One

2. Insert values in the data_scientist table.

VALUE INSERTION:

INSERT INTO `sys`.`data_scientist` (`emp_code`, `name`, `location`, `experience`, `designation`) VALUES

('01', 'ram', 'India', '1', 'jr');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`data_scientist` (èmp_code`, `name`, `location`, èxperience`, `designation`) VALUES
('02', 'robert', 'USA', '6', 'lead');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`data_scientist` (èmp_code`, `name`, `location`, èxperience`, `designation`) VALUES
('03', 'tim', 'china', '2', 'Sr');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`data_scientist` (èmp_code`, `name`, `location`, èxperience`, `designation`) VALUES
('04', 'william', 'paris', '5', 'lead');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`data_scientist` (èmp_code`, `name`, `location`, èxperience`, `designation`) VALUES
('05', 'maggie', 'UK', '9', 'lead');
Assisted Practice: Views One

3. Create a table named project with multiple columns named emp_code, project_name and
project_status.

TABLE CREATION:

CREATE TABLE `project` (

`emp_code` int NOT NULL,
`project_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`project_status` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_code`)
Assisted Practice: Views One

4. Insert values in the project table.

VALUE INSERTION:

INSERT INTO `sys`.`project` (èmp_code`, `project_name`, `project_status`) VALUES ('01', 'C++', 'DONE');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`project` (èmp_code`, `project_name`, `project_status`) VALUES ('02', 'C', 'DONE');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`project` (èmp_code`, `project_name`, `project_status`) VALUES ('03', 'JAVA', 'DONE');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`project` (èmp_code`, `project_name`, `project_status`) VALUES ('04', 'MySQL', 'DONE');
INSERT INTO `sys`.`project` (èmp_code`, `project_name`, `project_status`) VALUES ('05', 'Python', 'DONE');
Assisted Practice: Views One

5. Write a query for creating a VIEW named as display for displaying the desired contents of both the tables.

VIEW Creation:

DROP VIEW display;

CREATE VIEW display AS
SELECT data_scientist.name , data_scientist.location , project.project_name
FROM data_scientist , project WHERE data_scientist.emp_code = project.emp_code ;
SELECT * FROM display;
Assisted Practice: Views One - Lab Output

Table project: Table data_scientist:

Assisted Practice: Views One - Lab Output

Output of VIEW display:

Assisted Practice: Views Two

Duration: 20 mins

Problem statement: As an SQL expert, you have been asked to analyze the customer purchase data
preferably using VIEWS so that the other concerned users only have access to the data they need, while
protecting other data in the same table.
Assisted Practice: Views Two

Steps to be performed:
Step 01: Create a table named “customer” containing the columns ORDER_ID, ORDER_DATE, CUST_ID,
PROD_ID, UNIT_QTY, and WEIGHT

CREATE
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS customer;
CREATE TABLE customer (
ORDER_ID INTEGER,
CUST_ID TEXT,
PROD_ID TEXT,
UNIT_QTY INT,
WEIGHT DOUBLE);
Assisted Practice: Views Two