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Tutorials on control of electrical systems

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Fritz Neba
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6 views

Tutorials on control of electrical systems

Uploaded by

Fritz Neba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial : Control of asynchronous machines

Exercise N°1:
An automobile manufacturer proposes an electrical vehicle using a triphase asynchronous motor
having an electrical source based on an inverter supply by a set of battery

Sinusoïdale MAS
Triphase
source 3~

Triphase asynchronous
Batteries Inverter
motor
A - Study of motor supply by a fixed network
A triphase asynchrous motor having stator winding couple in start is supplied by a balance
sinusoidal voltage having a variable frequency and root means square

1. The nominal functioning conditions of the triphase asynchronous motor as indicated


on its name plate are

 127 V / 220 V ;
 effective value of the line nominal current is I N = 80 A ;
 nominal power factor cos N = 0,79.
1.1 The triphase asynchronous motor is supplied by a voltage source 127 V
/ 220 V. Justify the start coupling of windings of the asynchronous motor.
1.2 Express the absorbed power of the stator PA and calculate the value of
P A.
1.3 Calculate the useful power PU supplied to motor shape knowing that the efficiency is η
egal to 90 %.
1.4 Give the litteral expression of PJS, the Joule losses at the stator in function of the
résistance r of a winfing. with r = 0,1,
calculate PJS.
statoriques and mechanical losses are considered negligeable in the rest of the
problem
2. under nominal conditions , the motor rotates at the frequency n r = 8500 rev/min
and the fréquency of triphase sinusoïdale voltages is f = 300 Hz.

2.1 What is the value of the synchronized speed nS . deduce the number of pair of pole of
the rotor.
2.2 Determine the slip g for functioning under nominal load
2.3 Give litteral expression of electromagnetic torque Tem function of the transmitted
power Ptr and the speed nS in rev/min.
2.4 Give the litteral expression useful torque TU function of the useful power
PU and the speed nr in rev/min.
2.5 Taking PU = 21,6 kW, calculate the value of TU.
2.6 Calculate the rotorique losses by joule effect.
2.7 Equivalent diagram per phase is given by :
l

V L r/g

2.7.1 show that the torque Tem of the machine can be written as :

X r
Tem  A  with X  et Yl  
X  2
 Y 
2 g

2.7.2 Give the expression and the value of A


2.7.3 for what value of the slip gmax the torque is maximal ?
2.7.4 Give the maximale torque value Temmax.
having : r = 0.1Ω et l = 10mH.
2.7.5 Complete the following table :
nS Sign of Tem Sign of Pu functionning

from 0 to 9000rev/min +
from 9000 to 18000 rev/min -
2.7.6 Draw the waveform of the torque Tem in function of the rotational frequency from
0 à 18000 rev/mn. Precise the functionning type of the motor according to rotational
frequency.

B - Study of the motor with variable frequency supply Ute C


f
To vary the speed, the useful torque is maintained constant and egal to
24,3 N.m, we vary the frequency f of the triphase supply voltage and the effective value U
of the line voltage keeping constant.

1. Calculate the ratio


2. the fre quency value of the triphase supply is set to f ’ = 150 Hz.
Calculate the new value of the line voltage U’ also calculate the new value of the
synchroniz e frequency n’ s of the motor (i n rev /min).
3. Mechanical ch aracte ric s T u = f (n r ) of the motor for f = 300 Hz is represented in
response document. Knowing that for f’ = 150 Hz, the fre quency of the motor is
n r’ is 4000 rev /min, draw the graph of the new characteristics corresponding to this
fu nctionning .
4. What can we say about the two characteristics obtai ned by keeping constant the ratio
U
?
f
C - Study of the ondulator

Le The following diagram repre sent the simplified model of part of inverter :
E = 127 V, with inductive load and T
K1
de signates the pe riod of functionning of the switch

K 1 and K 2 are ideal switches


E v(t)
i(t)
CHARGE
 between 0 and T/2 : we have K 1
E closed and K 2 opended .
 between T/2 and T : we have K 1
K2 opened and K 2 closed.

1. What type of energy convertion does the inverter.


2. What is the value of v(t) when K 1 is closed and K 2 is opened.
3. What is the value of v(t) when K 2 is closed and K 1 is opended.
Represent the trend of v(t) on figure n°2 of response document.
4. RESPONSE DOCUMENT
Tu (N.m)

Tu = f(n) for f = 300 Hz

24,3

20

10

0
1000 3000 6000 9000 n (tr.min-1)
Figure n°1
v(t) (V)

200

100

0 t (ms)
T 2T

-100

-200
Figure n°2

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