COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB-2 (CS361)

IIITV-ICD
BASIC SHELL SCRIPTING
By: 202211099

1) Write a shell scripting for printing “Hello World !!”.

echo "Hello World !!"

Output-

2) Write a shell script to add two numbers using as command-line arguments.

iecho "Enter Two numbers : "

read a
read b
res=`echo $a + $b | bc`
echo "Result : $res"

Output-

3) Write a shell script to check whether a number is even or odd.

echo "Enter a number : "

read a
if(($a % 2 == 0)); then
echo "$a is an even number."
else
echo "$a is an odd number."
fi
Output:

4) Write a shell script to display multiplication table of given number.

read -p "Enter a number: " num

echo "Multiplication table of $num:"

for ((i=1; i<=10; i++)); do

result=$((num*i))
echo "$num * $i = $result"
done

Output-

5) Write a shell script to find the factorial of a given number.

fact() {
local num=$1
local result=1
for ((i=num; i>=1; i--)); do
result=$((result * i))
done
echo $result
}
read -p "Enter a number: " num
fact $num
Output:
6) Write a shell script to check whether a given character is vowel or consonant.

echo "Enter a charater : "

read ch

if [[ $ch == [AEIOUaeiou] ]]
then
echo "$ch is a vowel."
else
echo "$ch is a consonant."
fi

Output:

7) Write a shell script to find the largest of three numbers.

echo "Enter Number1"

read num1
echo "Enter Number2"
read num2
echo "Enter Number3"
read num3

if [ $num1 -gt $num2 ] && [ $num1 -gt $num3 ]

then
echo "$num1 is greator"
elif [ $num2 -gt $num1 ] && [ $num2 -gt $num3 ]
then
echo "$num2 is greator"
else
echo "$num3 is greator"
fi

Output-
8) Write a shell script to check whether a given string is a palindrome.

echo "Enter a number: "

read number
reverse=0
original=$number
while [ $number -gt 0 ]
do
remainder=$(( $number % 10 ))
reverse=$(( $reverse * 10 + $remainder ))
number=$(( $number / 10 ))
done
if [ $original -eq $reverse ]
then
echo "$original is a palindrome."
else
echo "$original is not a palindrome."
fi

Output-

9) Write a shell script to print the Fibonacci series up to n terms.

read -p "Enter the number of terms: " n

a=0
b=1
echo "Fibonacci series:"

for ((i=1; i<=$n; i++)); do

echo -n "$a "
fib=$((a+b))
a=$b
b=$fib
done
echo

Output-
10) Write a shell script to reverse a string.

read -p "Enter string:" string

len=${#string}
reversed=" "
for ((i = $len - 1; i >= 0; i--))
do
reversed="$reversed${string:$i:1}"
done
echo "$reversed"

Output:

11) Write a shell script to reverse a number.

echo "Enter a number: "

read number

reverse=0
original=$number

while [ $number -gt 0 ]

do
remainder=$(( $number % 10 ))
reverse=$(( $reverse * 10 + $remainder ))
number=$(( $number / 10 ))
done

echo "$reverse is the reverse of $original."

Output:

12) Write a shell script to check whether a file exists and is readable.
if [ -r x.txt ]
then
echo "File exists and is readable"
else
echo "File doesn't exists."

fi

Output:

13) Write a shell script to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a file.

line_count=$(wc -l < x.txt)

echo "Number of lines in document.txt: $line_count"
word_count=$(wc -w < x.txt)
echo "Number of words in document.txt: $word_count"
char_count=$(wc -m < x.txt)
echo "Number of characters in document.txt: $char_count"

Output:

14) Write a shell script to calculate the sum of digits of a number.

read -p "Enter a number: " num

sum=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$(( $num % 10 ))
sum=$(( $sum + $digit ))
num=$(($num / 10))
done
echo "Sum of digits: $sum"

Output:

15) Write a shell script to find all prime numbers between two numbers.
echo "Enter a number:"
read number
i=2

if [ $number -lt 2 ]
then
echo "$number is not a prime number."
exit
fi

max=`echo "sqrt($number)" | bc`

while [ $i -le $max ]
do
if [ `expr $number % $i` -eq 0 ]
then
echo "$number is not a prime number."
exit
fi
i=`expr $i + 1`
done

echo "$number is a prime number."

Output:

16) Write a shell script to find whether an input year is leap year or not.

read -p "Enter a year: " year

if (( $year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 != 0 || $year % 400 == 0 )); then

echo "$year is a leap year."
else
echo "$year is not a leap year."
fi

Output:
17) Write a shell script to delete files older than 7 days from a specific directory.

read -p "Enter the directory path to clean up: " DIRECTORY

if [ -d "$DIRECTORY" ]; then
find "$DIRECTORY" -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;
echo "Files older than 7 days have been deleted from $DIRECTORY."
else
echo "Error: Directory $DIRECTORY does not exist."
fi

Output:

18) Write a shell script to convert a string to uppercase.

echo "Enter a string: "

read input
uppercase_string=$(echo $input| tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]')
echo "Uppercase string: $uppercase_string"

Output:

19) Write a shell script to display all the files and directories in the current directory.

echo "Files and directories in the current directory:"

ls -l

Output:
20) Write a shell script to find the sum of all even numbers from 1 to n.

read -p "Enter the value of n: " n

sum=0
for ((i=2; i<=n; i+=2))
do
sum=$((sum+i))
done
echo "The sum of all even numbers from 1 to $n is: $sum"

Output:
21) Write a shell script to implement a basic calculator (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division) using case statements.

echo "Enter Two numbers : "

read a
read b

echo "Enter Choice :"

echo "1. Addition"
echo "2. Subtraction"
echo "3. Multiplication"
echo "4. Division"
read op

case $op in
1)res=`echo $a + $b | bc`
;;
2)res=`echo $a - $b | bc`
;;
3)res=`echo $a \* $b | bc`
;;
4)res=`echo "scale=2; $a / $b" | bc`
;;
esac
echo "Result : $res"

Output:

22) Write a shell script to find the number of months between two dates.
calculate_months_between() {
local start_date=$1
local end_date=$2

start_month=$(date -d "$start_date" "+%Y%m")

end_month=$(date -d "$end_date" "+%Y%m")

start_year=$(date -d "$start_date" "+%Y")

start_month_only=$(date -d "$start_date" "+%m")
end_year=$(date -d "$end_date" "+%Y")
end_month_only=$(date -d "$end_date" "+%m")

month_diff=$(( (end_year - start_year) * 12 + (end_month_only - start_month_only) ))

echo $month_diff
}

read -p "Enter the start date (YYYY-MM-DD): " start_date

read -p "Enter the end date (YYYY-MM-DD): " end_date

if ! date -d "$start_date" &>/dev/null; then

echo "Error: Invalid start date."
exit 1
fi

if ! date -d "$end_date" &>/dev/null; then

echo "Error: Invalid end date."
exit 1
fi

months_diff=$(calculate_months_between "$start_date" "$end_date")

echo "The number of months between $start_date and $end_date is: $months_diff months."

Output:

23) Write a shellscript to Swapping Two Numbers Without Using a Third Variable.
read -p "Enter the first number: " num1
read -p "Enter the second number: " num2
echo "Before swapping: num1 = $num1, num2 = $num2"
num1=$((num1 + num2))
num2=$((num1 - num2))
num1=$((num1 - num2))
echo "After swapping: num1 = $num1, num2 = $num2"

Output:

24) Write a shell script to Solve a Linear Equation (ax + b = 0).

echo "Enter the value of a:"

read a
echo "Enter the value of b:"
read b
x=$(echo "scale=2; $b / $a" | bc -l)
echo "The value of x is: $x"

Output:

25) Write a shell script to concatenate two strings input by the user.

read -p "Enter the first string: " string1

read -p "Enter the second string: " string2
result=$string1$string2
echo "The concatenated string is: $result"

Output:

26) Write a shell script to display all the files and directories in the current directory.
echo "Files and directories in the current directory:"
ls -l

Output:

27) Write a shell script to read a file line by line and print each line with its line number.
read -p "Enter the file name: " filename

if [ ! -f "$filename" ]; then
echo "Error: File $filename not found."
exit 1
fi

line_number=1

while IFS= read -r line; do

echo "$line_number: $line"
line_number=$((line_number + 1))
done < "$filename"

Output:

28) Write a shell script to create a backup of a directory by copying it to another location.

read -p "Enter the directory to backup: " source_dir

read -p "Enter the backup destination: " backup_dest

if [ ! -d "$source_dir" ]; then
echo "Error: Source directory $source_dir does not exist."
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -d "$backup_dest" ]; then
echo "Error: Backup destination $backup_dest does not exist. Creating it now..."
mkdir -p "$backup_dest"
fi

backup_dir="$backup_dest/$(basename "$source_dir")_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)"

cp -r "$source_dir" "$backup_dir"

echo "Backup of $source_dir created at $backup_dir"

Output:
29) Write a shell script to check the disk usage and send an alert if it exceeds a certain threshold.

THRESHOLD=80
ALERT_EMAIL="[email protected]"

disk_usage=$(df / | grep / | awk '{print $5}' | sed 's/%//')

if [ "$disk_usage" -gt "$THRESHOLD" ]; then

echo "Disk usage is at ${disk_usage}%, which is above the threshold of ${THRESHOLD}%."
echo "Disk usage is above ${THRESHOLD}%. Currently at ${disk_usage}%." | mail -s "Disk
Usage Alert" $ALERT_EMAIL
else
echo "Disk usage is under control: ${disk_usage}%."
fi

Output:

30) Write a shell script to perform linear search operation.

read -p "Enter the elements of the array (space-separated): " -a array

read -p "Enter the element to search for: " search_element

found=0

for i in "${!array[@]}"; do
if [ "${array[$i]}" -eq "$search_element" ]; then
echo "Element $search_element found at index $i."
found=1
break
fi
done

if [ $found -eq 0 ]; then

echo "Element $search_element not found in the array."
fi

Output: