ES}& ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO. RELATIVE CLAUSES. Las Oraciones de Relativo RELATIVE CLAUSES RULE EXAMPLE who / that refer to people They caught the man who / that spied for China. which / that refer to objects ost the map which / that she gave me. whose refers to possession She complained to the man whose dog bit her. when refers to amoment in time | Christmas Day is a day when people are happy. where refers to a particular place _| We visited the house where our father was born. In non-defining sentences, the word | Mata Hari, who was a famous female spy, was born in Holland. that cannot replace who or which, Buckingham Palace, which is in London. is a favourite tourist site. Las oraciones de relativo van introducidas por un pronombre o un adverbio relativo: who, which, that, whose, when, where. oracién principal _oracién subordinada de relativo They caught the man C who / that spied for Ci ) ost the map C which / that she gave me. ») She complained to the man C whose dog bt her. ») Hay dos tipos de oraciones de relativo: Defining Relative Clauses y Non-defining Relative ClausesBS} ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Las oraciones de relativo especificativas se llaman asi porque aportan informacién esencial sobre su antecedente, de tal manera que sin ellas el sentido de la frase quedaria incompleto. Los pronombres relativos son: THAT ("que’) se usa cuando el antecedente es tanto una persona como una cosa. WHO (“que", quien’, ‘quienes’ se refiere sélo a personas. WHICH (“que”) se refiere excusivamente a cosas. Ejemplos: They caught the | man | who / that spied for China. An ncecedente persona I lost the | map | which / that she gave me. NN secede con ‘Tanto that como who y which se pueden omitir si van seguidos de un nombre o pronombre, es decir, si no son el sujeto de la oracién de relativo. Ejemplos: These are all the clues (that) they left behind. John is the man (who) we saw yesterday at the restaurant. I've bought the CD (which) Laura recommended to me. WHOSE indica posesiin y significa “cuyo/a/os/as". Nunca actiia como sujeto y no se puede omitir. She complained to the man whose dog bit her. WHEN (“cuando”, “en que") hace referencia a un tiempo. Se puede utilizar that en su lugar u omitirse. Do you remember the day (when / that) we met? WHERE (“donde", “en el que") indica lugar. We visited the house where our father was born.SHE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT / IES FRANCISCO DE QUEVEDO RELATIVE + PREPOSITION Cuando el relativo lleva preposicién, which se sigue usando si el antecedente es una cosa; pero si es una persona, en lugar de who se emplea whom, sobre todo en la lengua escrita. Lo més comin en todos los casos es poner la preposicién al final de la oracién de relativo y omitir el pronombre. The film in which he appears was a great success > The film he appears in was a great success The person to whom | had to talk wasn't there > The person | had to talk to wasn't there. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Eslas son oraciones explicativas porque afiaden informacién adicional sobre el antecedente. Sin ellas el sentido de la frase se mantiene igual, por lo que no son indispensables. Por eso siempre van entre comas. James Bond , who is a famous spy , was created by the writer lan Fleming. Con las Oraciones de Relative Non-defining no se puede utilizar that, sino who y which para personas y cosas respectivamente. Ademas nunca se puede omitir el pronombre o adverbio relativo. That document , which was found in his car , didn’t prove his identity. The detective , who you met yesterday , is following the suspect's trail. Este tipo de oraciones no es muy frecuente en el inglés hablado, donde se usan mucho mas las oraciones de relativo especificativas.