Scribd
Upload
9 views

Purcom-reviewer

review

Uploaded by

Chand Kris Mejica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Purcom-reviewer

review

Uploaded by

Chand Kris Mejica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

General and specific purposes of communication

Communication serves five major or general purposes:

- to inform

- to express feelings

- to imagine

- to influence

- to meet social expectations

 The broad goal of the communication, such as to inform, persuade,


entertain, or motivate

Specific purposes of communication

 The precise action that the communication will take to achieve the
general purpose, such as to inform a specific audience about a specific
topic

Two general reasons in providing information:

 Shallow reason lack of depth in knowledge, reasoning, emotions, or


character
 Profound reason showing a deep understanding of serious matters
— move person into action

Communication in Local and Global settings


 Local communication refers to communicating within one's local
area using a shared local language or common language.
 Global communication involves connecting people across
geographical, political, economic, social, and cultural divides.

Communication Models
Models of communication provide visual representation of the difference
aspects of a communication situation

 Linear - one way process of communication — one direction — focus


on the speaker

Main elements : Channel (medium), Sender (transmit), Receiver


(decodes/ interpret)
1. Aristotle's Model of communication - more persuasive
communication

- focus on the sender (only active member) passes to the receiver (audience)
passive

Main elements

• ethos defines the credibility of the speaker

• pathos connect the speaker to audience through different emotions

• logos signifies logic

5 components : speaker, speech, occasion, target audience, effect

2. Lasswell's model of communication - transmission of a message


with the effect as the result

Main elements

• Sender who created the message

• Message what did they say

• Channel what channel did they use

• Receiver to whom did they say it

• Effect what effect it have on the receiver

5 components : communicator, message, medium, audience/receiver, and


rffect

3. Shannon - Weaver model of communication - mathematical


communication concept — a linear, one-way process

Main elements

• Sender

• Encoder

• Channel

• Decoder

• Receiver
4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R model of communication - a linear model of
communication that suggests communication is the transfer of information
between 4 basic steps or key elements

Main elements

• Sender (source)

• Message

• Channel

• Receiver

 Interactive - two way process of communication with feedback -


internet based and mediated communication — feedback within
interactive communication models is not simultaneous, but rather slow
and indirect.

Main elements

• Sender

• Message

• Receiver

• Feedback

• Field of experience represents a person’s culture, past experiences, and


personal history

1. Osgood - Schramm model of communication - circular model of


communication, in which messages go in two directions between
encoding and decoding
 there is no difference between a sender and a receiver. Both parties
are equally encoding and decoding the messages.

3 main principles of communication

1. Communication is circular — Individuals involved in the


communication process are changing their roles as encoders and decoders.

2. Communication is equal and reciprocal — Both parties are equally


engaged as encoders and decoders.
3. The message requires interpretation — The information needs to
be properly interpreted to be understood.

3 process of communication

• encoding — decoding — interpreting

2. Westley and Maclean model of communication - communication


process does not start with the source/sender, but rather with environmental
factors

9 crucial components (disregard)

1. Environment (X),

2. Sensory experience (X¹),

3. Source/Sender (A),

4. The object of the orientation of the source (X²),

5. Receiver (B),

6. The object of the orientation of the receiver (X³),

7. Feedback (F),

8. Gatekeepers (C), and

9. Opinion leaders.

 Transaction - limited time — dynamic communication models —


communicators create shared meaning in a dynamic process.

Roles of this models : Social — Relational — Cultural contexts

Barriers to effective communication : Noise

Main elements

• Encoding

• Decoding

• Communicators

• The message

• The channel
• Noise

1. Barnlund's transactional model of communication - circular


process and a multi-layered feedback system between the sender and the
receiver, both of whom can affect the message being sent

Main elements

• Encoding

• Decoding

• Communicators

• The message

• The channel

Barnlund differentiates between

• Public cues (environmental cues),

• Private cues (person’s personal thoughts and background)

▪ Behavioral cues (person’s behavior, that can be verbal and nonverbal)

2. Dance's Helical Model of communication - circular process that


gets more and more complex as communication progresses

In summary:
 Linear models — Mainly used in marketing, sales, and PR, in
communication with customers, these models view communication as
a one-way process.
 Interactive models — Used in internet-based and mediated
communication, they refer to two-way communication with indirect
feedback.
 Transactional models — The most complex models of communication,
which best reflect the communication process

Levels of Communication
• Verbal communication - oral or written

• Physical

• Auditory - you learn when you listen


• Emotional - happiness, anger, sadness

• Energetic

2 forms of communication

1. Interpersonal - communication between two or more — how we relate


to others

Elements : Verbal — Listening — Written — Non-verbal

2. Intrapersonal - communication within one self — how we relate to


oneself

This level of communication occurs when we’re:

- Thinking

- Writing/Journaling

- Reading

- Listening

- Dreaming

- Talking to others

You might also like