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Anatomy,Physio
Growth plate & its functions

Growth plate – Anatomy and pathological states affecting it

Describe the histological zones of growth plate. Discuss the anatomical

changes which takes place in rickets and Slipped capital femoral
epiphysis

types of epiphysis

structure of physis.

Blood supply of the humeral head.

Blood supply of head of femur and its clinical significance

Describe the blood supply of femoral head. How does it differ in children
and adults?

the blood supply of talus

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the blood supply of a long bone. Discuss the effects of various
modalities of internal fixation on the blood supply.

Describe blood supply of long bones and effects of various modalities of

fixation on this

Give a functional classification of muscles around the shoulder.

Patho – anatomy of recurrent dislocation of shoulder

Intrinsic muscles hand

Intrinsic Hand

Extensor expansion

Describe the flexor zones of hand

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Anatomy of FDS and FDP in hand

Types of Muscle Contraction-

a) What is an isotonic contraction?
b) Classify isotonic muscle contraction

c) Give an example of concentric and eccentric muscle contraction in

gait cycle

Name the prehensile movements of hand

pathological Anatomy of the bursae of the hand

pathological Anatomy of carpal tunnel

Describe the anatomy of Distal Radio Ulnar Joint

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What are the anatomical & physiological differences between neck
shaft angle and version in a child and adult?

Biomechanics of Hip

Biomechanics of hip joint and its clinical applications

Biomechanics of Knee in relation to total knee replacement

Draw a cross section of peripheral nerve

Strength – Duration Curve of nerve

Strength Duration Curve

Otto Pelvis

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Arches of foot

Anatomy of rotator cuff.

Anatomy of Subacromial space

Anatomy of Lisfranc joint

the extensor mechanism of knee

Describe the properties of synovial fluids. How does it help in

differentiating various types of arthritis?

Synovial fluid and its analysis in various arthritis

Synovial fluid analysis

Describe in detail the synovial fluid analysis. How do you differentiate

various types of arthritides based on the analysis?
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Osteoclast.

Describe the structure of bone with illustrative diagram(s) (10)

Incoporation of Bone Grafts. How does it differ for cancellous and

cortical grafts?

Define femoral anteversion. How do you detect it clinically? Discuss the

role of anteversion in orthopaedics diagnosis & management

Describe the Physiology of micturition

Histology

Structure and function of articular cartilage

Structure and Biochemistry of articular cartilage

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Describe various types of cartilage. Discuss their physiology &

ultrastructural characteristics.

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Cold Orthopeadics
OA
OA Knee – pathophysiology. Discuss rationale of surgical management
of OA Knee

Pathology of osteoarthritis

Discuss the Pathology of osteoarthritis of knee with special reference to

the role of ACL rupture in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis knee.

Discuss differential diagnosis in a 25 yr. old male presenting with mono-

articular arthritis of knee joint. Tabulate the management in an
algorithmic manner.

Discuss principle of chondroplasty in osteoarthritis of knee joint.

Describe the management of unicompartmental osteoarthrosis knee

Describe pathogenesis of medial compartment osteoarthrosis. Discuss

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pros & cons of HTO vs unicondylar replacement.

Discuss the surgical options in the treatment of mild medial compartment

osteoarthrosis of knee in a 40 years old man.

Juvenile Chronic arthritis – DD & investigations

RA
Pathomechanics, Clincal features & Management of various deformities
in RA – hand?

What are the hand deformities in rheumatoid arthritis? Describe the

pathological Anatomy and treatment of Boutannaire’s deformity.

Boutannaire deformity – etiology, pathomechanics and management

Describe the hand deformities in rheumatoid arthritis. Describe in brief

the patho-anatomy and treatment of "Boutonneire deformity".

Discuss the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Advances in medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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Methotrexae as a DMARD

Biological therapy in inflammatory arthritis.

Knee
Habittual dislocation patella

Habitual Dislocation of Patella

Recurrent dislocation of patella

Describe the extensor mechanism of knee and the factors that

predispose to recurrent dislocation of patella.

Surgery for habitual dislocation of patella

What do you understand by patellar instability, describe the principles of

management, before and after skeletal maturity?

Osteochondritis dessicans

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Osteochondritis Dessicans

Discuss treatment options of the focal cartilage defect over the medial
femoral condyle in a 40 yr old man (10)

Osteochondral allograft transplantation. Mention indications for the

procedure

Osteochondromatosis

Define pigmented villonodular synovitis. Describe pathology, clinical

features, diagnosis & its treatment.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis

Pigmented villonodular synovitis

loose bodies in knee – etiology? How will u manage a case of 30 year

old sportsmanwho presents with locked knee due to loose body

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Shoulder
Discuss Anatomy of rotator cuff. What is rotator cuff disease? Discuss
its pathogenesis and management.

Painful arc syndrome

Describe the Anatomy of recurrent dislocation shoulder? Discuss

Management

Patho – anatomy of recurrent dislocation of shoulder.

Rationale of surgical Rx for recurrent anterior dislocation shoulder?

Rationale of surgical treatment of recurrent dislocation of shoulder

shoulder instability

Shoulder instability

Define multidirectional instability of shoulder joint. Discuss its

management.
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Subacromial impingement syndrome

Costo clavicular syndrome

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Describe etiopathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome and its

management

Causes and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome

What is thoracic outlet syndrome? Discuss its Anatomy . How will you
diagnose it in OPD?

Discuss the anatomical basis of thoracic outlet syndrome and its

management (5+5)

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Elbow
Cubitus Varus

how will u manage a case of recalcitrant tennis elbow?

Wrist and Hand

Describe Madelung deformity, classification, clinical features and
management of Madelung deformity

Describe the Aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Madelung

deformity(3+3+4)

madelung deformity

Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of distal radius
fractures. Discuss the management of DRUJ disorders.

Investigations of Pain in Hand?

Dupuytren’s contracture
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Describe Dupuytren disease and its characteristic features Describe
Dupuytren disease and its characteristic features

What is the pathological Anatomy of carpal tunnel? Describe briefly the

diagnosis and management of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Define Carpal Tunnel syndrome. Describe its anatomy, causes and

management

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Kienbock’s disease.

What is Kienbock's disease? Write briefly its etiology, diagnosis, clinical

staging and management.

Describe the blood supply of scaphoid. Describe the clinical features,

diagnosis and management of nonunion of scaphoid.

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Describe the blood supply of scaphoid. Discuss the treatment of

nonunion of scaphoid (4+6)

Intrinsic Hand

Shoulder Hand Syndrome(CRPS)

Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of a distal radial
fracture and discuss the management(DRUJ disruption)

Describe the anatomy of Distal Radio Ulnar Joint. Describe indications &
technique of performing Kapandji’s procedure

Hip
Blood supply of head of femur in diff age groups?Management of
Idiopathic AVN of Femur?

Describe aetiopathogenesis of avascular necrosis of hip. Classify

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avascular necrosis of hip. Comment on broad principles of its
management.

Describe the pathology of avascular necrosis of femoral head and

outline the principles of management in Ficat 3 stage of femoral head in
a 30 years old man.

Core decompression

tuberculosis of hip joint

Enumerate the radiological types of Tuberculosis Hip. How does this

classification help us in prognostication?

Rationale for using metallic implants in osteoarticular tuberculosis.

Discuss the principles of management of Non-Union fracture Neck of

Femur in an adult.

Discuss the pathological alterations of femoral neck & head in neglected

& ununited femoral neck fractures and their management?

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Treatment of ununited fracture neck of femur

Describe the management of failed osteosynthesis of fracture neck of

femur in a young adult(10)

Femoro-acetabular lmpingement Syndrome

Femoro acetabular impingement syndrome.

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome

Describe the Anatomy of iliotibial band and the effect of its contracture
on the lower limb. How do you clinically detect the contracture?

Ober’s test.(ITB contracture)

Adolescnt coxa vara

Foot
Rigid flat foot

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Pes Planus –etiology & Management?

Pes planus

pes planus

Pes planus

Describe the arches of foot. Discuss the clinical features and

management of peroneospastic flat foot.

. Describe arches of foot. Classify Flat Foot & briefly discuss the
management principles of flat feet in a child.

Calcaneovalgus foot

Calcaneovalgus Deformity

Calcaneovalgus deformity. Disscuss the treatment issues in mature and

immature foot

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Describe muscular dynamics in calcaneovalgus deformity. Describe

management in patients before and after attaining skeletal maturity

Describe the pathogenesis of hallux valgus deformity; describe the role

of metatarsus primary varus in the pathogenesis. How will you manage
an adolescent girl with severe hallux valgus?

Hallux valgus

Triple arthrodesis for equines

Pathology , clinical features and management of diabetic foot

Classify the lesions of diabetic foot. Outline the management.

Describe the principles of stabilization of foot

Misc
Synovioma
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Non specific synovitis

Crystal Synovitis

Myositis Ossificans

Neurogenic Bladder

Compound palmar ganglia

Define neuropathic joint. List the causes of neuropathic joint. Mention

in brief the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic joint

Describe the pathology, clinical features and principles of treatment of a

neuropathic joint.

Discuss the pathophysiology and principles of treatment of Heterotopic

ossification.
Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and Differential
Diagnosis of Heterotopic Ossification (3+3+4)

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Plaster Cast Syndrome

Fracture Disease.

Paediatric cold
etiology and pathological Anatomy of DDH

Define Legg Calves Perthes disease. Describe its clinical features,

diagnosis and management

Discuss etiology, pathogenesis and management of Perthe’s disease.

Prognostic factors and outcome in the treatment of Perthe’s disease

Prognostic factors in Legg Calve Perthes disease

Write short note on Coxa Vara.

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Adolescnt coxa vara

Classify Coxa Vara. Describe the management of adolescent coax vara

What is congenital coxa vara? Describe its pathophysiology and outline

principles of management.

Clinical features and management of slipped capital femoral

epiphysis.

Describe the aetiopathology and management of SCFE(4+6)

Describe briefly the clinical features and management of SCFE?

Coxa Plana – Clinical, Radiological features, Differential diagnosis and

principles of treatment

List the causes of limp in an 8 years old child. Describe the

differentiating features of septic arthritis with transient synovitis

List the causes of limp in a child

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Discuss the differential diagnosis and investigation in an 8 yr old child

with persistent limp((5+5)

What are the types of epiphysis? Describe the types, various methods
and indications of epiphysiodesis

Enumerate the causes of intoeing gait. How will you treat intoeing gait
because of hip disorders.

Intoeing gait

How will you evaluate a child with genu valgum deformity? Outline the
principles of management. What is timed epiphysiodesis?

Describe the clinical features ,diagnosis and management of

tuberculosis hip in children(3+3+4)

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Nerous system disorders in children

POLIO
Hand to Knee gait in Polio

Post – polio equinus deformity of foot – etiopathology, evaluation &

management

Describe the pathological Anatomy , clinical features and management

of post polio calcaneus deformity in a 12 yr. Old patient.

Post Polio Residual Paralysis

Enumerate various deformities of foot and ankle seen in Post Polio

Residual Paralysis (PPRP). Describe in detail the management of
Talipes Calcaneus

CP

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Cerebral diplegia? Line of Management?

role and mode of action of pharmacological treatment in CP

Botulin in cerebral palsy patients

Define and classify cerebral palsy. Describe crouched gait and its
management in a 10 yr. old child.

Describe the various foot and ankle deformities in cerebral palsy and
their management.

Equinus Deformity in cerebral palsy – Etiopathogenesis, evaluation and

treatment.

Discuss the types of equines contracture in cerebral palsy and its

management.

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neurofibromatosis

Orthopaedic manifestation of neurofibromatosis

Congenital anomalies and syndromes

Define pseudoarthrosis of tibia. Describe its pathogenesis, diagnosis,
classification and management.

Pseudoarthrosis Of tibia and fibula

Bowing of Tibia in children – Causes, types, clinical features &

management of congenital bowing of tibia

Bowing of Tibia in children – Causes, types and management of

Congenital Bowing

CTEV

Neglected Cong. Talipes Equino varus

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Describe pathological Anatomy and radiology in CTEV.

Dwyer’s osteotomy for CTEV – Indications, steps and complications

A one year old child has been successfully treated for CTEV. Describe
the orthotic management from this time to the completion of treatment?

Briefly describe the principles & steps of Ponsetti’s method of CTEV

correction.

Ponseti method of CTEV management

Describe the pathoanatomy of clubfoot. Discuss briefly the principles of

Ponseti technique.

Classify congenital dislocation of knee. Comment on differential

diagnosis and management

Pathophysiology, types and clinical features of Osteogenesis

Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfect

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Osteogenesis imperfecta

Radial Club Hand

Radial club hand.

Classify radial club hand. Describe the pathological Anatomy &

management of a 1 yr old child?

Pollicisation – Indications and prerequisites

Congenital amputations of lower limb in children

Congenital vertical Talus – Etiology, Pathology , clinical, radiological

features and management.

Patho-anatomy and management of congenital vertical talus

Pathoanatomy, radiology and diagnosis of Congenital vertical Talus

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Congenital Vertical Talus

Define congenital muscular torticollis. List the differential diagnosis and

outline the management of congenital muscular torticollis.

Congenital Torticollis

Sprengel’s Deformity. Etio pathogenesis, clinical features and

management

Congenital postural deformities associated with in-utero position.

Classify congenital skeletal limb deficiencies(10)

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Syndromes
klippel feil syndrome

Klippel Feil syndrome

Klippel-Fiel syndrome – Etiology, Pathology , clinical & radiological

features, differential diagnosis & management

Ehler-Danlos syndrome

What is Marfan’s syndrome? What is its orthopaedic management?

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Nerve Injury
Strength – Duration Curve.

what is neuropraxia? How will you differentiate it from axonometsis

during first few days of injury

Describe nerve injuries, Sunderland Classification, outcome expected

and basis of repair

Classify nerve injuries. What is the role of electrodiagnosis in

differentiating various nerve lesions?

Draw a cross section of peripheral nerve and label the structures.

Describe Sunderland's classification of nerve injury.

Define entrapment syndrome. Enumerate various entrapment

syndromes. Discuss the entrapment syndrome in relation to the ulnar
nerve in detail.

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Describe pathophysiology of nerve compression (entrapment)
syndromes. Enumerate various syndromes of nerve entrapment. Give
an outline of the management of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome.

Wallerian Degenration

Wallerian degeneration

Motor March

What is crutch palsy? Describe the orthotic management of wrist drop.

Describe the presentation of tourniquet palsy and its causes. What

precautions are taken to prevent it?

Ulnar claw hand

Claw hand

Enumerate various causes of claw hand. What is the pathogenesis of

clawing? Discuss the principles of surgical correction.

Pathophysiology of claw hand and its treatment

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Describe the management of claw hand

Define ulnar claw hand. Discuss the tendon transfer for ulnar claw hand
following ulnar nerve injury

Define ulnar claw hand. Enumerate the causes of ulnar claw hand.
Discuss its management.

Claw Hand – Etiology, patho-mechanics,principles of various corrective

procedures.

. Enumerate causes of claw hand deformity. Discuss its management in

short (3+7)

wrist drop

Describe the causes of radial nerve palsy & its presentation And
Discuss its management
Discuss orthotic management in a High Radial Nerve Palsy

. Early tendon transfer in Radial Nerve Palsy

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Principles of management of radial nerve injury

Describe the broad principles of tendon transfer. Enumerate the tendon

transfer for high radial nerve palsy.

Principles of Tendon Transfer.

What is modified Jone’s transfer for a high radial nerve palsy? How does
it differ from original transfer?

Discuss various functions of hand. How will you attain key pinch in a
quadriplegic with no useful power?

Draw a labeled diagram of brachial plexus. Classify brachial plexus

injury. Describe the clinical features and management of lower brachial
plexus injury.
Clinical differentiation between pre-ganglionic and postganglionic
lesions of brachial plexus & its effect on the management.

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Anterior Interosseous Nerve syndrome – Aetiology, clinical features,

differential diagnosis and management

Describe the surgical reconstruction in a case of one and a half yr old

common peroneal nerve palsy (10)

Name the prehensile movements of hand. What are the tendon transfers
described for opponens deficit hand?

What are the various methods of closing gaps between nerve ends
during nerve repair?

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Hot Ortho – Truama

General ortho

Shock

Endotoxic Shock

Pathophysiology of septic shock.

management of fat embolism

How will you differentiate between the cerebral sign as a result of head
injury vs fat embolism syndrome? Describe in brief management of fat
embolism syndrome.

Describe clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment of fat

embolism syndrome.

Define "Fat Embolism Syndrome". Describe in brief the clinical features,

diagnosis and management of "Fat Embolism Syndrome".

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exertional compartment syndrome

Describe pathogenesis of acute compartment syndrome and its

diagnosis

Acute compartment syndrome

Compartment Syndrome

Compartment syndrome

Chronic compartment syndrome

Chest trauma:- Tension pneumpthorax

Tension Pneumothorax

management of multiple rib fracture with Haemopneumothorax

Management of multiple rib fractures with haemothorax

Clinical features and management of stove in chest(flail chest).

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Describe the clinical features, diagnosis & management of fail chest

Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Crush Syndrome

Discuss the management of deep vein thrombosis in orthopaedic

patients

DVT

Discuss the etiopathology, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of

D.V.T.

Post operative DVT – Prevention, clinical features and treatment

Discuss the diagnosis and clinical features of DVT in orthopedic surgery.

Outline the management. What special precautions are required if post-
operative epidural analgesia is used for 4 – 5 days.

Prophylaxis in thrombo-embolic disease.

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Features which differentiate head injury from the cerebral symptoms of
Fat Embolism syndrome.

Differentiating features of head injury from cerebral symptoms of fat

embolism syndrome

guiding principles of removal of orthopaedic implants after fracture

union. What are the current recommendations for removal of implant in
commonly encountered fractures

What is Polytrauma? Describe the scoring method & principles of

management of a patient with polytrauma in accident & emergency
department.

Describe the pathophysiology of Polytrauma patient and discuss the

principles of Damage Control Orthopedics.

Damage control orthopaedics

Damage control orthopaedics

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Briefly discuss the principles and priorities in managing polytrauma

Discuss prophylaxis against secondary complications of patient with

polytrauma.

Draw a flow chart of disaster planning at state level. What is the concept
of triage?

What is multi system organ failure? What are indicators of mortality?

Write briefly about diagnosis and management.

Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome

Define and classify VIC. Describe its surgical and orthotic management
in Grade II VIC of forearm.

Volkmans ischaemic contracture

Discuss the principles of application of Functional Cast Bracing in ' the

management of diaphyseal fractures of long bones.

Etiopathogenesis, Pathology and management of DIC.

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Describe wound balistics. Discuss briefly the management of gun shot
wounds.

Discuss advanced trauma life support.(ATLS)

Upper extremity

Discuss the advances in the management of periarticular fractures

Surgical Anatomy of AC joint along with classification of AC joint

injuries. Briefly discuss the management.

Classification and treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation

Acromio clavicular Disruption

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Classify acromic-clavicular joint injuries and describe their management

Rotator cuff injury in sportsmen.

Describe the Anatomy of Subacromial space. What is the morphology of

acromion process in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears? How will you
manage full thickness tear?

Classify fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly. What is the

relevance of blood supply of the humeral head in planning
management? How will you treat four part
fracture?

Classify proximal humerus fracture. Discuss the management options

for various types. Outline the management for type IV fracture in elderly
females.
Classify fractures of the proximal humerus. What is the relevance of
blood supply of humerus in planning management? How will you treat
four part fractures?
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Fractures at the upper end of humerus

discuss the management of closed fracture shaft of humerus with

radial nerve palsy

Management of Brachial artery injury in association with supracondylar

fracture of humerus.

Lateral Condyle fracture of Humerus

Perilunar Dislocation

Classify fractures of the Capitullumn and discuss the management of

each type

Treatment of intercondylar fracture of humerus

Describe the classification of the distal humeral fractures in adults.

Describe the surgical approaches used for internal fixation of these
fractures (4+6)

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Describe briefly the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations

and treatment of painful elbow following injury around elbow.

Describe the mechanism of injury of Radial head fracture. Discuss its

classification and management (3+3+4)

Carpal instability – types, clinical features and radiological assessment

Describe instability patterns after wrist trauma. Discuss the management

of VISI (Volar Intercalated Segment Instability)

Intercarpal instability

Mid carpal instability

surgical principles of flexor tendon repair

Describe the flexor zones of hand. Discuss the principles of acute

tendon repair (zone-wise).

Discuss the management of flexor tendon injury in zone II

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Management of acute zone II flexor tendon injuries.

Classify flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Describe the treatment of

neglected ruptures of flexor tendons in Zone II.

Describe the treatment of acute flexor tendon injuries in various zones of

hand (10)

Finger Injuries

Bennet’s Fracture dislocation

Old metacarpo phalangeal dislocation

Treatment of fractures of distal end of radius

Describe various methods of treatment of distal radius # with their

principles

Classify distal radius fractures. Describe radiological indices of wrist.

Discuss the treatment principles of extra-articular distal radius fractures

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Classification of Distal Radius fracture

Classify distal radius fractures. What are the recent trends in their
management?

Lower extremity
Management of fracture pelvis and their complications

Classify pelvic fractures and discuss the management.

Management of Pelvic fractures

Ganz antishock pelvic fixator.

classify fractures of pelvis briefly discuss the management of rotationally

unstable and vertically stable injuries
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Discuss the approach to a patient of pelvic fracture with a suspected
abdominal injury.

Management of a patient having fracture pelvis with urinary retention.

Restrict yourself to the management of his urinary problem.

Classify fracture acetabulum and outline the indications of surgical

treatment.

Classify fractures of acetabulum and role of conventional radiology in the

classification

Evaluation and principles of management of fracture acetabulum

Classify fractures of the acetabulum. Discuss radiographic evaluation of

acetabular trauma.

Classify posterior fracture dislocation of with femoral head fracture

and describe the management.

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Fracture Neck of Femur – Classification and treatment

Stress fracture of neck femur.

Fracture head of femur

Differentiating features in the patho Anatomy & management of

intracapsular fracture neck of femur in children & adults.

Management of Trochnanteric fractures in elderly

what is unstable trochanteric fracture? Briefly describe the various

methods of managing unstable trochanteric fracture

Classify peri prosthetic fracture following a total hip replacement.

Discuss their management.

Classify peri-prosthetic fractures following THR. Outline theis

management strategies
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Classify periprosthetic fractures around the knee and discuss their
management.

classify Periprosthetic fractures around the knee. Outline the treatment

strategy

Classify Periprosthetic fractures of femur following arthroplasty and

describe treatment options.

Classify fractures of distal end femur discuss the principles of their

management.

How will you manage a case of knee dislocation with absent distal
pulsations?

What is floating knee? Discuss its management in a 25 yr. Old adult

management of haemarthrosis of knee developing in an injury

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How will you manage a case of acute Hemarthrosis Knee?

What is traumatic arthrotomy of the knee joint? What is fluid challenge

test to confirm the diagnosis in doubtful cases? Outline the principles of
management.

Recent advances in the management of intraarticular fractures of upper

end of tibia

Classify proximal tibial fractures. Outline the management of type lV, V,

and Vl fractures.

Classification of Rotatory knee instability

What is Mangled Extremity severity score(MESS), describe principles of

flap coverage in proximal one third of tibia

Classify open fractures of tibia. Describe the management of type 3 b

open fracture of tibia.

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Discuss the merits & demerits of operative & non-operative treatment of
simple diaphyseal fracture of tibia.

Two level fracture of shaft of tibia

Fractures and dislocation of talus

Fracture Talus

Fracture Talus.

Describe the blood supply of talus. classify "Talar neck fractures".

Discuss treatment and list complications

Peritalar dislocation

Discuss indications, merits and demerits of talectomy.

Calcaneum fracture

Classification of Calcaneal fracture

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Describe the Sander's classification of calcaneal fractures and discuss

the treatment of each type (4+6)

Classify calcaneal fractures. Discuss the management based on

classification system. Enumerate the complications.

Classify fractures of calcaneum. Outline the principles of management.

Classify fracture calcaneum and describe their management

Principles of management of Lisfranc injuries of foot.

What is Lisfranc joint? Classify injuries around this joint and principles
of management.

Describe the classification, clinical features and management of

Lisfranc's fracture dislocation(3+3+4)

.Anatomy of Lisfranc joint, and management of injuries around the joint

Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have syndesmotic

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instability and how do you manage that?

Classify ankle fractures, which pattern has syndesmotic instability, what

is their management?

Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have syndesmotic

instability & how do you manage it?

Discuss mechanism & classification of injury around ankle joint. Discuss

diagnosis and treatment

Classify Pilon fractures and discuss their management.

Describe mechanism of injuries and classify “Pilon fractures” outline

management options.

Pilon fracture

Acute ankle sprain

Acute rupture of Achilles Tendon

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Amputations
Enumerate various classical levels of lower limb amputations. Discuss
AK amputation in detail. What is the difference in energy consumption
by the patient in AK amputation as compared to a BK amputation?

Symes amputation

what is symes amputation? Desribe the indications and complications.

What is the prosthesis suitable for symes amputation?

Amputations in children

Congenital amputations of lower limb in children

Principles of amputation in lower limbs in children

Principles of amputation of lower limb in children

Principle of amputation of lower limbs in children

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indications of amputation. Describe surgical principles of amputation in
children and adults

How do principles of amputation differ in children as compared to

adults? What is pylon prosthesis? What are advantages and
disadvantages?

Principles of amputation in children

Describe indications for amputation, Principles of lower limb amputation

in children

Skew Flap Amputation – indications, advantages of conventional

amputation,steps of operation and complications.

How will you transport an organ after amputation to a sterilized centre for
re-implantation? What is the order of implantation in a below elbow
amputation?

Ideal stump

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Paedatric Trauma
Enumerate the complications of femoral neck fractures in children and
discuss the management in any one of the complications

Classify fracture neck of femur in children. Describe its management and

complications briefly

Classify pediatric hip fractures (proximal femur). Describe current

treatment options and enumerate the complications.

Management of ankle fractures in children

Treatment of radial head and neck fractures in children

Current concepts in the management of fracture neck & head of radius

in children and adults.

Lateral Condyle fracture of Humerus

Perilunar Dislocation

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Classification, management and complication of fractures of the radial
head and neck in children

What are Monteggia equivalents, discuss the principles of

management of Monteggia fracture dislocation in children

Describe classification of Montegia fracture dislocation and its

management.

Define and classify Montegia fracture dislocation. Discuss the treatment

principles of neglected Montegia fracture dislocation in a 10 years old
child.

Principles of management of a pulseless hand after supracondylar

fractures in children

Classify elbow dislocation. How will you manage an unreduced

posterior dislocation elbow in 10 yr. old child?

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What is a Toddler’s fracture? Discuss its differential diagnosis and

management

Classify physeal injuries. Describe the management and complications

of various types of physeal injuries.

Describe the structure of physis. Classify physeal injury. Outline the

treatment of physeal injury and enumerate the compiications

Epiphyseal injuries

Classify epiphyseal injuries. Describe the complications. What is

Langenskiold’s procedure?

Salter Harris classification of epiphyseal injuries and it’s relevance to

skeletal growth

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Metabolic Disorders
Describe calcium metabolism. Discuss the etiology, clinical features,
diagnosis and management of nutritional rickets.

Describe the metabolism of Vitamin D and its clinical significance.

Renal Rickets – Pathophysiology

Renal Rickets

Renal Rickets.

Renal Rickets

Describe various types of rickets; describe biochemical changes and

clinical presentation of various types of rickets!

Define and classify Rickets. Describe pathogenesis, clinical features and

management of hypophosphatemic rickets
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Vitamin D resistant rickets

Outline the calcium metabolism. What do you mean by Vitamin D

resistant rickets? Describe its clinical features and management.

List the factors affecting Ca metabolism. Describe the radiological

features of rickets (5+5)

Describe the pathology and radiological signs in rickets and Scurvy

Sudecks dystrophy

Sudeks Osteodystrophy

Sudeck’s osteodystrophy

Renal Osteodystrophy

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of renal rickets

Radiological and biochemical features of renal osteodystrophy and their

interpretation.

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Bony changes in hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism along

with relevant pathophysiology.

Describe the mechanism of calcium homeostasis by parathyroid

hormone and the skeletal changes that occur as a result of
hyperparathyroidism. Discuss the uses and limitations of lab
investigations in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism

Discuss the role of parathyroid glands in calcium metabolism

Hyper parathyroidism

Brown Tumor.

Osteoporosis – Definition, Etiology, Clinical features, Investigations,

Prevention and Treatment.

What is the indication & principle behind parathormone therapy for

treatment of osteoporosis? What are its merits & demerits?

Transient migralory osteoporosis

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Transient Migratory Osteoporosis of the hips

Differentiating features between Osteonecrosis and transient

migratory osteoporosis

Define osteoporosis. Comment on types, causes and management

Osteoporosis

Define & classify Osteoporosis. Discuss in brief its clinical features

.diagnosis & management.

Post Menopausal Osteoporosis – Prevention and management.

What are Biochemical markers for bone formation and bone resorption.
Discuss their role in management of osteoporosis

Biochemical markers of Bone formation and resorption.

Define gout. Describe in brief its clinical features, diagnosis and

treatment.

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Describe the clinical features, laboratory findings and management of

gout (3+3+4)

Define ochronotic arthropathy. Describe its clinical features, diagnosis

and management.

Osteomalacia

Describe calcium metabolism. Discuss clinical features & management

of Osteomalacia.

Diagnosis and treatment of osteomalacia

Clinical and radiological diagnosis of scurvy

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Bledding Disorders

Haemophilia knee

Enumerate bleeding disorders . How will you manage a grossly arthritic

Knee in haemophilia?

Haemophiliac arthropathy

Haemophilic arthropathy

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Sickle cell disease

Describe the musculoskeletal manifestations in sickle cell anaemia(10)

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Spine
Tuberculosis
Describe the development of vertebral column.Pathogenesis and
management of potts paraplegia. Discuss the treatment of resistant
cases?

Pathogenesis, Clinical features & management of Caries spine in a

child 10 yrs old

Neurological deficit in caries spine; types, pathogenesis and prognostic

factors?

Pathophysiology & presentation of TB spine in children

What are the various causes of late onset paraplegia in tuberculosis of

spine? Describe the investigative modalities and outline the principles of
management.

Discuss the indications of surgery in TB spine with or without

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neurological compfications

Define MDR Tuberculosis. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and

treatment of a case of MDR tuberculosis of spine (1+2+3+4)

Trauma
what is ballistics. Briefly describe the current management of ballistic
injuries of the spine.

Treatment of odontoid fracture in adults.

Enumerate the types of spinal cord lesions following fracture

dislocation of C5-6 vertebrae and discuss clinical features, treatment
and prognosis of each type of lesion in adult.

Describe the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of acute

spinal cord injury

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what are the various protocols which have been used for
pharmacological intervention in spinal cord injuries.what is the current
opinion on pharmacological intervention

Discuss the role of injectable steroids following spinal injury.

Traumatic paraplegia

Discuss the principles of rehabilitation of a paraplegic patient.

Describe the mechanism of injury. Classify and treatment of Hangman’s

fracture.

Hangmans fracture

Hangman’s Fracture.

Describe the mechanism of injury and clinical presentation of various

incomplete spinal cord syndromes.

Enumerate various spinal cord syndromes. Describe salient features of

each syndrome.
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Describe the mechanism of injury & clinical presentation of various
incomplete spinal cord syndromes.

What is central cord syndrome, describe its clinical presentation. How

will you manage such a case?

Discuss sexual and bladder rehabilitation of a 30 yr. old male

following a complete spinal injury at D12 vertebral level.

Autonomic dysreflexia in Spinal Cord lnjury

Automatic Dysreflexia.

Classify thoracolumbar spine injuries. Give radiological classification

of burst fracture. Outline the management of burst fracture of L1
vertebra.

describe the classification of thoracolumbar injuries and discuss the

treatment of burst fracture L1(5+5)

Discuss the management of osteoporotic spinal fractures.

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Investigation of collapse of a vertebra

Management of metastasis in spine

Cold

What is claudication? Classify it and discuss its cause specific

management.

How does a neurological claudication differ from vascular claudication?

Enumerate the etiology of the two.

Discuss the pathogenesis of neurospinal claudication.

Describe the Physiology of micturition. Briefly discuss the management

of automatic bladder in spinal injuries.

Classification of neurogenic bladder and management

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Paralytic Bladder.

Automatic bladder

Aetiology, Pathology & Mx of Spinal canal stenosis

Pathophysiology of lumbar canal stenosis.

pathogenesis of lumbar canal stenosis? What is the differentiating

feature between vascular & neurogenic claudication

What are the indications of spinal osteotomy in ankylosing

spondylitis? Describe the various techniques.

Describe the pathology, diagnosis and broad principles of management

of ankylosing spondylitis.

Classify Spondylolisthesis. Describe the management

filum terminale syndrome

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Describe various types of lumbar root anomalies. List the complications

of lumbar disc surgery.

How will u differentiate structural scoliosis from nonstructural

scoliosis?describe infantile idiopathic scoliosis. What is the importance
of rib vertebral angle?

Management of congenital scoliosis

Scheurmans disease.

Tumor
Discuss approach to find out a primary tumor in a 65 yr. Old man
presenting with vertebral metastasis and low backache.

Discuss the approach to a patient with suspected bony metastasis with

unknown primary tumor.

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Diagnostic criteria of osteolytic lesion in upper end tibia

metastatic lesion of bone & tis management

management of skeletal metastasis

Management of metastasis in spine

Role of Pamidronate in bone metastasis

tumour induced osteomalacia

fibrous dysplasia

Osteofibrous Dysplasia

Mono ostotoc fibrous dysplasia

round cell tumour. Discuss the management of multiple myeloma

Discuss the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis & management of

multiple myeloma.

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Describe bone tumour. Classification, diagnosis and treatment

modalities for Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myelpma – Investigations & Management?

Morbid Anatomy , radiological and laboratory features of Multiple

Myeloma

Ewings tumour

Ewings sarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Clinical, pathological and radiological features, staging and management

of Ewing’s sarcoma.

Briefly discuss the clinical features and pathology of Ewing’s Sarcoma.

Outline the principles of treatment in a case of Ewing’s Sarcoma of
upper end of humerus.

What are Giant cell variants? Describe in brief their differential

diagnosis
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Discuss various methods available for treatment of Giant cell tumor of
proximal tibia in a 30 yr. old man

Define Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of bone. Describe in brief clinical

features, diagnosis and management principles for GCT of upper end of
tibia

Indications of Limb salvage surgery in malignant bone tumors.

Describe the techniques of limb salvage in osteosarcoma.

Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.

Parosteal Osteosarcoma

Unicameral Bone Cyst

describe the DD of cystic lesion in upper end of humerus in a 10 year old

child. Describe the management of SBC in same child

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Briefly describe the clinical features, types and management of osteoid

osteoma.

primitive neuroectodermal tumours

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Infection
Management of septic arthritis in children,

Describe briefly the aetiology, clinical features and principles of

treatment of Tom Smith arthritis.

Tom Smith arthritis

Sequelae of pyogenic arthritis of hip in infancy

Septic arthritis of hip in a child below 5 years and above 3years

Pathology of tuberculous arthritis and correlation with clinical staging

Define osteomyelitis. Discuss the pathology, clinical features, diagnosis

and treatment of acute osteomyelitis in a child.

Discuss the pathogenesis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. How

does it differ in different age groups
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Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Diagnosis and
management

Describe anatomical classification of chronic osteomyelitis. Discuss the

principles of management based on this classification. How will you fill
the dead space after excision of infected tissue?

Brodies abscess

Management of fracture of fracture shaft of femur that has become

infected after intramedullary fixation

Enumerate various diagnostic tests with their relative merit for post-
operative infection. Outline the treatment of post-operative infection after
internal fixation

Classify infected nonunion. Discuss the treatment of infected nonunion

of tibia.

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Outline the principles of management in a case of infected non union of

a long bone. How will you treat infected non union of tibia?

Discuss Pathology & management of infected non-union

Discuss the etiology, Pathology , diagnosis, and management of Gas

Gangrene of the Lower Extremity.

What is Gas Gangrene? Discuss the clinical features, bacteriology and

principles of management.

Define Gangrene. Describe the aetiological classification & Mx of gas

gangerene?

Madura foot

Madura foot.

Preparation and precautions required to operate HIV positive patients

what are the musculo skeletal manifestations of retroviral infection

Describe musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV infected patients.

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Describe in brief about HIV infection, its diagnosis. Orthopedic
implications & guidelines to prevent its spread during surgery.

Nosocomial infection on orthopaedics – common organism and

preventive measures.

Describe the pathological Anatomy of the bursae of the hand. Discuss

the etiology, clinical feature and management of acute infection in
hand bursae?

Describe the features of necrotizing fascitis & its management

Antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infection.

Pathology of tuberculous arthritis and correlation with clinical staging

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Plastic and Microsurgery

Skin grafting

Describe various types of skin grafts. Discuss the stages of biological

incorporation of skin grafts

describe principles of flap coverage in proximal one third of tibia

What is flap reconstruction? Write its classification

Describe 'free vascularized bone transplant. Discuss the principles of

technique and applications in Orthopaedic practice

Fascio-cutaneous skin graft

Decribe the various myocutaneous flaps used to cover tibia in different

levels.

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Pharmac and medicine

BG and analogues
Bone grafts

Incoporation of Bone Grafts. How does it differ for cancellous and

cortical grafts?

Bone graft substitutes

What are bone graft substitutes? How do they work?

Describe bone graft substitutes, their incorporation & possible side

effects

Describe different types of bone grafts along with their properties.

BMP
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Bone morphogenic protein

Drugs

Uses of botulinum neurotoxin in Orthopaedic surgery.

Botulin in cerebral palsy patients

Orthopaedic complications of high dose steroid

What is DOTS? What is its rationale?

2nd line of ATT

Allopurinol

role and mode of action of pharmacological treatment in CP

Role of Pamidronate in bone metastasis

Methotrexae as a DMARD

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Raloxifene.

Briefly describe the drugs which influence remodelling

Biological therapy in inflammatory arthritis.

What are bisphosphonates? Discuss the role of Bisphosphonates in

various orthopedic disorders

Alendronate induced fractures

Blood transfusion

Massive Transfusion.

Autologous Transfusion

Methods for reducing risks of blood transfusion

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Implants And Products

Suture Materials.

Enumerate Biodegradable implants. What are the advantages and

disadvantages of their use?

What are biodegradable implants, what is their chemical composition?

Mention the indications of their use, advantage and disadvantage of their
use

Biodegradable implants

Biodegradable lmplants

Biodegradable implants

Biodegradable orthopedic implants

Name biomaterials used in orthopedics. Describe in brief their features

Bone Cement
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Stress, Strain, Modulus of elasticity and strength in relation to
metallic implants.

Stress, strain & modulus of elasticity in relationship to implants

Describe Stress, Strain, and Young's Modulus of Elasticity in relation to

Orthopedic implants.

What is highly cross linked polyethylene? How is it manufactured?

How has it affected modern total hip arthroplasty?

Discuss ceramics as bearing surface in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Ceramics In Orthopaedics

Ceramic bearing surfaces in arthroplasty

Describe pitfalls in using the Locking Compression Plate.

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. Discuss the differences between :-

a. Machine screw and ASIF screw

b. DCP, LCDCP, Locking plate

c. Static compression and Dynamic compression

what is locked compression plate? Discuss the principles, clinical

situations where it is particularly usefull

Elaborate the principles of LCP. What are the applications in periarticular

fractures?

Principles, merits & demerits of locking plates

the blood supply of a long bone. Discuss the effects of various

modalities of internal fixation on the blood supply.

Describe blood supply of long bones and effects of various modalities of

fixation on this

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Role of Polyethelene in Orthopedics

Role of fibrin gel in Orthopedics

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Ortho surgery procedures and approaches

Approaches

Describe the various approaches to the spine

Harmon’s approach of Tibia with applied Anatomy

Describe Briefly the approach to the hip. Mention the advantages &
disadvantages of each approach.

What are indications of arthrography in a hip? Discuss various

approaches to aspirate the hip joint.

Thompsons approach of radius with applied Anatomy

Surgical Dislocation of Hip.

Describe the classification of the distal humeral fractures in adults.

Describe the surgical approaches used for internal fixation of these
fractures (4+6)
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Describe the illustrative diagrams of the surgical exposure of radius at
various levels (10)

Trochanteric flip osteotomy in surgical exposures of the hip joint.

Techniques and principles

Tension band principle and its application in treatment of fractures using

a wire and plate.

Define Tension Band principle. Describe the use of Tension Band

principle in fracture surgery.

Tension band wiring principle.

Describe the tension band principle and how it is used in fracture

care(5+5)

Compression plating

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Distraction histiogenesis

Compression & Distraction in Orthopaedics

Role of Ligamentotaxis in fractures

guiding principles of removal of orthopaedic implants after fracture

union. What are the current recommendations for removal of implant in
commonly encountered fractures

Describe various systems, implants available for limb length

equalization. Discuss their underlying principle.

Define external fixation. Classify the external fixators. Describe the

advantages and disadvantages of external fixation.

External fixator in musculoskeletal injuries

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Discuss the principles and the biomechanics of intra-medullary nailing.

Principles and applications of lnterlocking Nailing

discuss the indications pros and cons of reamed Vs undreamed

intramedullary nailing

Tendon repair techniques and important suture configurations.

Discuss the principles of application of Functional Cast Bracing in ' the

management of diaphyseal fractures of long bones.

Hanging cast

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Procedures

Chiari Osteotomy – indications, advantages, steps of surgery.

Describe briefly indications, contraindications and principle technical

steps of Salter’s osteotomy.

Describe Salter’s osteotomy. What are its indications, merits and

demerits.

Salter's Osteotomy

Salter’s osteotomy

Salter osteotomy for DDH.

indications of Valgus osteotomy for fracture neck of femur. Discuss the

preoperative planning, Implant choice, advantages and disadvantages of
the procedure/
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what is LISS. Discuss its role in stabilizing fractures of distal femur

high tibial osteotomy

Ganz antishock pelvic fixator.

Discuss indications, merits and demerits of talectomy.

Bristow’s procedure

Langenskiold’s procedure (physeal arrest)

High tibial osteotomy

Describe indications & technique of performing Kapandji’s procedure

Pollicisation – Indications and prerequisites

Dwyer’s osteotomy for CTEV – Indications, steps and complications

Stewart and Harnaley ankle arthrodesis.

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What is pelvic support osteotomy? Outline its principles and operative

technique.

What is malalignment test? Discuss principles of focal dome osteotomy.

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Gait
Describe the gait cycle .List various types of gait with diagnostic
features (4+6)

Describe various types of Crutches ; gait pattern with crutches.

Explain in brief about crutch walking patterns of gait in crutch walking

and their importance.

Give one example each of concentric and eccentric contraction

during gait cycle. How will paralysis of tibialis anterior affect normal gait.

Describe the phases of norma! gait and the types of muscle contractions
in gait cycle.
Define Gait. Describe the aetiopathogenesis and causes of trendleberg
gait
Gait Cycle
Quadriceps Paralysis Gait – pathomechanics, compensation employed

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and corrective measures
Types of Muscle Contraction-
a) What is an isotonic contraction?
b) Classify isotonic muscle contraction

c) Give an example of concentric and eccentric muscle contraction in

gait cycle

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Sports Medicine
Rotator cuff injury in sportsmen.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Chondrocyte culture

Classification of Rotatory knee instability

Discuss the diagnosis and management of Anterior cruciate Ligament

(ACL) lnjury.

Describe various clinical teats for evaluation of ligamentous injuries of

knee.

Describe the mechanis, of injury of unhappy tirad of O’Donoghue. Briefly

describe the current management of chronic ACL insufficiency in young
athletic adult.

Enumerate various methods of ACL Reconstruction. Discuss the pros

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& cons of each method.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Describe various clinical methods to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament

injury. Describe post operative management of ACL reconstruction by a
bone patellar tendon bone graft.

What are closed chain and open chain exercises and discuss ACL
rehabilitation protocol

Sports related injuries to soft tissues

loose bodies in knee – etiology? How will u manage a case of 30 year

old sportsmanwho presents with locked knee due to loose body

Discuss the clinical features & management of Achilles tendinopathy in

athletes

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Arthroplasty
Principles of surface replacement arthroplasty of hip. What do you
think are the reasons of failure of previous historical designs compared
to the modern successful design?

Recent advances in bearing surfaces of total hip arthroplasty

Ceramic bearing surfaces in arthroplasty

Discuss causes of loosening after a total hip replacement. Discuss its

clinical features, diagnosis and management.

Classify peri prosthetic fracture following a total hip replacement.

Discuss their management.

Classify peri-prosthetic fractures following THR. Outline theis

management strategies

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classify Periprosthetic fractures around the knee. Outline the treatment
strategy

Discuss various methods of preventing deep vein thrombosis following

total knee replacement. Discuss their merits & demerits

DVT prophylaxis

Biomechanics of Knee in relation to total knee replacement

Concepts of total knee replacement

Briefly describe the relevant biomechanics of the lower limb, particularly

in relation to bone cuts in total knee replacement

Bone defects encountered during total knee replacement and their

management.

Describe the anatomy of PCL. Discuss its significance in Total Knee

Arthroplasty.

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Arthrodesis
Give a functional classification of muscles around the shoulder.
Enumerate the indications for shoulder arthrodesis. What are the pre-
requisites for a good result? Describe any one technique of shoulder
arthrodesis.

Enumerate indications & various techniques for shoulder arthrodesis.

What are the prerequisites for a good result?

Triple arthrodesis for equines

Stewart and Harnaley ankle arthrodesis.

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Fracture healing and nonunion

Describe fractures healing. Enumerate the factors affecting fracture
healing.

Enumerate modalities leading to biological enhancement of fracture

healing. Mention the methods of preservation of allogenic bone grafts.
Comment on mode of action, advantages and disadvantages

Describe the biology of fracture healing and the influence of intra

medullary rods and plates in healing. Discuss the role of various
modalities in stimulation of osteogenesis (25 marks).

Briefly describe the stages of fracture healing. Discuss physical or

chemical modalities to enhance fracture healing.

What are the stages of fracture healing? Discuss the factors regulating
fracture healing.

Role of ultrasound in fracture healing

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Biological enhancement of fracture healing

Biological enhancement of fracture healing

Biological enhancement of fracture healing

Describe the methods used for augmentation of fracture healing (10)

Define nonunion. Describe the classification and broad principles of

management of diaphyseal nonunion.
Discuss the principles of management of Non-Union fracture Neck of
Femur in an adult

Classify infected nonunion. Discuss the treatment of infected nonunion

of tibia.

Discuss Pathology & management of infected non-union

Describe Bone remodeling unit. Briefly describe the drugs which

influence remodelling

Role of mesenchyme stem cell in fracture healing

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Discuss the management of diaphyseal gap nonunion with 5 cm bone

loss in a young adult(10)

Discuss the pathological alterations of femoral neck & head in neglected

& ununited femoral neck fractures and their management?

Pain management
Describe gate control theory of pain. What is transcutaneous nerve
stimulation and its indications?

gate control theory of pain

Post-operative pain management. Describe patient control analgesia.

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Prosthetics and orthotics

Suction socket prosthesis

F.R.O

FRO

Floor reaction orthosis.

Floor reaction orthosis

Floor reaction Orthosis – indications, principles and advantages.

What is Floor Reaction Orthosis? Describe its parts and mechanism of

function. What are its indications and contraindications?

Draw a diagram of Floor Reaction Orthosis, What is a good indication for

its use. Describe mechanism of action
Describe "JAIPUR FOOT". Discuss the difference with 'SACH FOOT'& -
MADRAS FOOT"?

SOMI brace
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Shoe modification for valgoid tilt

What are parts of a shoe? Describe the modifications of a CTEV shoe.

Role of orthosis in treatmnt of clubfoot

Pylon prosthesis – Indications, prerequisites and advantages

What is pylon prosthesis? What are advantages and disadvantages?

PTB prosthesis – Indications and principles

Suction Socket Prosthesis – principles, indications and advantages over

conventional prosthesis and main points in its construction.

Bryant’s Traction.

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Describe the orthotic management of an asensate foot particularly in

reference to leprosy

Define ankle foot orthosis. What are the plastic materials used in
fabrication. Describe indications and care during daily use.

Thermoplastic splints

Pavlik Harness

patellar tendon bearing prosthesis

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Investigations, special therapy and physio in ortho

Acute phase reactants

Electromyography

Electrodiagnostic studies

Nuclear Imaging.

write SN on nuclear medicine and its applications in orthopaedics (5+5)

PET Scan

PET scan in orthopaedics practice

Describe the basic principle of PET scan and discuss its role in
orthopedics.

Write short note on Nuclear medicine and its applications in

Orthopedics.

Radionuclide bone scanning

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Bone scan in musculoskeletal disorder.

Role of labeled WBC and multiphasic bone scan in bone Pathology

What is the role of electrodiagnosis (EMG/NCV) in differentiating

various nerve lesions?

LASER Therapy

Microwave Diathermy – its physiogical effects, clinical applications &

contraindications

what is short wave diathermy(SWD), How is it different from Microwave

Diathermy

Indications and contraindications of short wave & microwave diathermy

Role of ultrasound in fracture healing

Therapeutic ultrasound.

Therapeutic ultrasound.

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lnterferential Therapy (lFT)

IT(interferential therapy)

TENS
Transcutaneous nerve stimulation.
What are the various types of exercises? Discuss the benefits and
indications of isometric exercises.
What is paraffin wax? How is it useful in treatment of orthopedic
conditions? What are the indications and contraindications of wax bath
therapy?
Ultrasonic Therapy – Physiological effects, clinical applications and
contraindications

Describe the principles of MRI scan. Enumerate the applications of MRI

in Orthopedics.

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Describe the role of Ultrasonography in musculoskeletal disorders (10)

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Clinical test

Trendelenberg test with its anatomical basis and clinical applications

Ober’s test (IT band contracture)

Describe various clinical teats for evaluation of ligamentous injuries of

knee.

Recent Advances

Discuss the advances in the management of periarticular fractures

Recent advances in the management of intraarticular fractures of upper

end of tibia

Advances in treatment of osteoporotic fractures.

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Gene therapy in Orthopedics.

Gene therapy in orthopaedics

Advances in medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

what are the various protocols which have been used for
pharmacological intervention in spinal cord injuries.what is the current
opinion on pharmacological intervention

Classify distal radius fractures. What are the recent trends in their
management?

Recent advances in bearing surfaces of total hip arthroplasty

Role of mesenchyme stem cell in fracture healing

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 Chapterwise Previous year DNB Ortho theory papers

Discuss the therapeutical potential of stem cells in musculoskeletal

disorders (10)

Misc questions /Procedures

Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia in orthopedic practice.

Video Assisted Thoracoscopy

Day Care Surgery.

Surgical audit.

Tribology

Sexual Dimorphism in orthopedic practice

Control of air quality in a modern orthopaedic operation theatre.

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