DIGITAL FLUENCY

UNIT 1 & UNIT 2

PART 1 – AI, ML & DL

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Meaning: Artificial Intelligence refers to systems or machines that mimic human

intelligence to perform tasks and can improve themselves based on the information they
collect.

Q.1 Explain the characteristics of AI.

Ans: The characteristics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are:
(i) Introduced by John McCarthy in 1956.
(ii) Enables the Machine to think like a human being without including any human intrusion.
(iii) Artificial Intelligence is based on fully machine activity.
(iv) Artificial Intelligence gives the Result Part after Prediction.
(v) Training and Testing\Not used in the AI.

Q.2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence?

Ans: The advantages of Artificial Intelligence are:
(i) Massive job opportunities: Apart from the massive job opportunities created by AI such
as the completion of looping or repetitive tasks that humans need to perform without making
errors.

(ii) Capacity to work all day long: Artificial Intelligence, similar to a computer program,
cannot tire and hence has the capacity to work all day long on a particular task until the
desired results are accomplished.

(iii) Perform faster computations: They have the ability to perform faster computations
compared to human speed on a wide range of problems with precise results.

(iv) Real-life applications: They also have tons of real-life applications to make our daily
lives simpler.

The disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence are:

(i) Time-consuming: The construction of Artificial Intelligence models from scratch can
sometimes be time-consuming and resourcefully exhaustive.

(ii) Not be possible on a regular PC: Building such models may not be possible on a regular
PC.

(iii) Quite expensive: The deployment of Artificial Intelligence models can also be quite
expensive in some cases.

(iv) Maintenance costs: Also, the maintenance costs in case of malfunctioning of the AI
models in peculiar cases can be annoying to deal with and solve.
Q.3 Explain the application of Artificial Intelligence.
Ans. Applications of AI are:
(i) Robotics: The use of artificial intelligence in robotics has made possible the presence of
robots in multiple industries like finance, marketing, and healthcare.

(ii) Outer Space Exploration: Some of the aspects that involve the application of artificial
intelligence in outer space exploration are map-building, satellite navigation, and location
tracking technology.

(iii) Customer Service: AI has facilitated the inclusion of machines in the realm of customer
service too. Computers that intend to register the feedback of various customers visiting
stores, shopping malls, or showrooms of big brands,
(iv) Stock Market and Finance: With the help of artificial Intelligence algorithms, machines
have now become capable of Interpreting stock market performance in the past, analyzing the
profits and losses of the relevant stocks, and even predicting the future stock market
performance.

(v) Automated Cars: Artificial Intelligence is the way how self-driving cars work.
Automated cars are a typical example of applications of AI that explains the advancements of
the field along with the automobile Industry.

(vi) Digital Media: Another application of AI is digital media- helping social media
platforms to verify fake news, understand obscenity or foul language hidden in comments or
captions, and promoting brands online. These aspects of digital media and AI together give
rise to virtual platforms that seem to know their users too well.

(vii) Healthcare Industry: The role of AI in healthcare enables machines to interpret the
medical history of a patient and predict possible diseases that the individual can become
vulnerable to in the coming years.
More than that, AI has facilitated drug discovery and the formation of medicines that can cure
harmful or even fatal diseases.

(viii) Facial Recognition: Applications of AI involve facial recognition which focuses on

learning and perceiving patterns that lead to quick and efficient outputs.

(ix) Virtual Voice Auxiliaries: Virtual Voice Auxiliaries like Siri and Alexa are developed
in a way that involves artificial intelligence and Its techniques like deep learning.
By facilitating such voice assistants, AI focuses on imparting human intelligence among
these tools that help them to perform human-like functions and tasks

(x) Fitness Applications: Artificial Intelligence has joined hands with fitness and has led to
the release of fitness appliances like fitness bands and watches that helps humans to detect
their health levels, boost their fitness levels and achieve goals.

Q.4 Explain the roles of artificial intelligence in education.

Ans: Here are some of the real-world applications of AI in education.
(i) Automate the grading and assessment: The use of AI in education can help automate
the grading and assessment of activities like multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks, etc.

(ii) Report cards of students: Another use of automation is preparing the report cards of
students.

(iii) Tailor-made study: By understanding the needs of every student, teachers can come up
with a tailor-made study plan for every student.
(iv) Valuable feedback: Programs powered by artificial Intelligence can provide valuable
feedback, both to the students as well as teachers.

(v) Learning more fun and interesting: Use of AI in classrooms can point out to teachers
how to improve the instructions provided to the learners, and also how to make learning more
fun and interesting.

(vi) Located anywhere around the world: Students located anywhere around the world can
learn from the best teachers through the use of AI in education.

(vii) Transformed the education industry: The application of AI in education has

transformed the education industry.

Q.5 Write short note on artificial intelligence in Agriculture.

(i) Using AI-based robots for farm harvesting - Robotic machines that are capable of doing
bulk harvesting with more accuracy and speed that are responsible for getting the produce.
These machines help improve the size of the yield and reduce waste from crops being left in
the field.
These machines use sensor fusion, machine vision and artificial Intelligence models to
identify the location of the harvestable produce and help them pick.

(ii) Using AI for predictive analytics - Enables right decision-making Predicting the best
time to sow -
Scientists of ICRISAT used a Predictive analytics tool to arrive at a precise date for sowing
the seeds to obtain maximum yield. It even gives Insights on soll health and fertilizer
recommendations in addition to a 7-day weather forecast.

(iii) Crop yield predictions and price forecasts - For many farmers, the biggest worry is the
price fluctuation of the crop. Due to unstable prices, farmers are never able to plan a definite
production pattern. Companies are using satellite imagery and weather data to assess the
acreage and monitor crop health on a real-time basis. With the help of technologies like big
data.

(iv) Detecting Pest and disease infestation - AI and machine learning, companies can detect
pest and disease infestations, estimate the output and yield, and forecast prices. They can
guide the farmers and governments on the future price patterns, demand level, type of crop to
sow for maximum benefit, pesticide usage etc.

(v) Solves scarcity of Resources - AI solves the scarcity of resources and labor to a large
extent and it will be a powerful tool that can help organizations cope with the Increasing
amount of complexity in modern agriculture.
 MACHINE LEARNING

Meaning: Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science
which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn,
gradually improving its accuracy.

Q.6 Explain the characteristics of machine learning.

And: The characteristics of Machine Learning (ML) are:
(i) Introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959.
(ii) Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence.
(iii) Machine Learning is based on Experience and trains the data from each phase of error.
(iv) Machine Learning is the Learning Phase from different Past Labeled Data which is
supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning and Semi Supervised Learning.
(v) Training time required is comparably less than Deep Learning. And Testing time
Required more than Deep Learning.

Q.7 Briefly explain each type of Machine learning.

Ans: The types of Machine Learning are as follows:
(i) Supervised machine learning: The system is able to provide targets for any new Input
after sufficient training. The learning algorithm can also compare its output with the correct,
intended output and find errors in order to modify the model accordingly.

(ii) Unsupervised machine learning: Algorithms are used when the information used to
train is neither classified nor labeled. Unsupervised learning studies how systems can Infer a
function to describe a hidden structure from unlabeled data. The system doesn't figure out the
right output, but it explores the data and can draw Inferences from datasets to describe hidden
structures from unlabeled data.

(iii) Semi-supervised machine learning: Algorithms fall somewhere in between supervised

and unsupervised learning, since they use both labeled and unlabeled data for training
typically a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. Usually, semi-
supervised learning is chosen when the acquired labeled data requires skilled and relevant
resources in order to train it / learn from it.

(iv) Reinforcement machine learning: Algorithms is a learning method that interacts with
its environment by producing actions and discovers errors or rewards. This method allows
machines and software agents to automatically determine the ideal behavior within a specific
context in order to maximize its performance.

Q.8 Write note on uses of Machine Learning.

Ans: The uses of Machine Learning:
(i) Financial Services:
Banks and other businesses in the financial industry use machine learning technology for two
key purposes: to identify important Insights in data, and prevent fraud. The Insights can
identify investment opportunities, or help Investors know when to trade.

(ii) Government Agencies:

Government agencies such as public safety and utilities have a particular need for machine
learning since they have multiple sources of data that can be mined for insights. Analyzing
sensor data, for example, identifies ways to increase efficiency and save money.

(iii) Healthcare:
Machine learning is a fast-growing trend in the health care industry, thanks to the advent of
wearable devices and sensors that can use data to assess a patient's health in real time. The
technology can also help medical experts analyze data to identify trends or red flags that may
lead to improved diagnoses and treatment.

(iv) Retail:
Websites recommending Items you might like based on previous purchases are using
machine learning to analyze your buying history. Retailers rely on machine learning to
capture data, analyze it and use it to personalize a shopping experience, implement marketing
campaign, price optimization, merchandise supply planning, and for customer insights.

(v) Oil and Gas:

The number of machine learning use cases for this industry is vast and still expanding like
finding new energy sources. Analyzing minerals in the ground. Predicting refinery sensor
failure. Streamlining oll distribution to make it more efficient and cost-effective.

(vi) Transportation and Logistics:

The data analysis and modeling aspects of machine learning are important tools to delivery
companies, public transportation and other transportation organizations.

DEEP LEARNING

Meaning: Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning concerned with algorithms

inspired by the structure and function of the brain called artificial neural networks.

Q.9 What are the characteristics of Deep Learning.

Ans: The characteristics of Deep Learning (DL) are:
(i) Introduced by Igor Aizenberg in 2000
(ii) Deep-Learning is the Subset of Machine Learning
(iii) Deep Learning Algorithm inspired by Structure & Function of human brain.
(iv) Deep Learning is the Deep Phase of Learning which is done through a neural network.
(v) Training time required is comparably more than Machine Learning. And Testing time
Required less than Machine Learning.

Q.10 State the Advantages of Deep Learning.

Ans: The advantages of Deep Learning are as follows:
(i) Solve Complex problems: It solves complex problems like Audio processing in Amazon
echo, Image recognition, etc., reduce the need for feature extraction, automated tasks wherein
predictions can be done in less time using Keras and Tensorflow.

(ii) Parallel Computing: Parallel Computing can be done thus reducing overheads.

(iii) Training of Models: Models can be trained on a huge amount of data and the model gets
better with more data.

(iv) High-Quality Predictions: High-Quality Predictions is possible when compared with

humans by training tirelessly.

(v) Works well: It works very well with unstructured data like video clips, documents, sensor
data, webcam data, etc.
Q.11 Explain the Applications of Deep Learning.
Ans: The Applications of Deep Learning are:
(i) Healthcare: From Medical image analysis to curing diseases, Deep Learning played a
huge role especially when GPU-processors are present. It also helps Physicians, Clinicians,
and doctors to help the patients out of danger, and also they can diagnose and treat the
patients with apt medicines.

(ii) Stock Analysis: Quantitative Equity Analysts are getting more benefits especially to find
the trends for a particular stock whether it will be bullish or bearish and they can use many
more factors like no of transactions made, no of buyers, no of sellers, previous day closing
balance, etc. when training the deep learning layers.

(iii) Fraud Detection: These days, hackers especially those based out of the dark- web have
found ways to steal money digitally across the globe using different software. Deep learning
will learn to find these types of fraudulent transactions in the web using a lot of factors like
Router information, IP addresses, etc. Autoencoders also help financial institutions saving
billions of dollars in terms of cost.

(iv) Image Recognition: Suppose say the city police department has a people database of the
city and they wanted to know in public gatherings like who is involved in the crimes,
violence using public webcam available in streets this deep learning using CNN helps a lot in
finding the person who was involved in the act.

(v) News Analysis: These days the government takes a lot of effort especially in controlling
the spread of fake news and origin of it. Also during poll surveys like who would win
elections in terms of popularity, which candidate been shared by most people in social media
etc. And analysis of tweets made by country people using all these variables can predict the
outcomes in deep learning.

Q.12 Write a short note on Neural Networks.

Ans: Neural Networks - Meaning
Neural Networks are a series of algorithms that mimic the operations of an animal brain to
recognise relationships between vast amounts of data. As such, they tend to resemble the
connections of neurons and synapses found in the brain.

Application of Neural Networks

(i) Trading System: The concept of neural networks is swiftly gaining popularity in the
development of trading systems.

(ii) Forecasting and Marketing Research: They are used in a variety of applications in
financial services, from forecasting and marketing research to.

(iii) Fraud Detection and Risk Assessment: It is also immensely helpful in the detection of
any fraud in the stock market and banking sector. Besides this it also helps in the Risk
Assessment in Stock Market, Commodity Market and Foreign Exchange activities

(iv) Deep Learning Algorithms: Neural networks with several process layers are known as
"deep" networks and are used for deep learning algorithms.
Q.13 Write difference between Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep
Learning.