G th e passive (all form s); it is said that..., he is thought to..., etc.

,
have something done The reason there is so little crime in
V crime and punishment P the letter u Germany is th a t it’s against the law.
Alex Levin, US w rite r

8A Beat the robbers...and the burglars

1 READING & LIS TEN IN G

HOW NOT TO Have you ever been robbed on the street?

W here were you? W hat w as stolen?

R ead the article How not to get robbed on the

GET ROBBED ON THE STREET. street. M atch the headings to the paragraphs.
A Be careful when you’re sightseeing
You dramatically increase your chances of being robbed B Be smart about cabs
if you look as if you might have a lot of money on you.
You don't have to look like a hobo, but you should try
C Don’t look too rich
to look as if you aren't carrying much of value. If you're D Keep an eye on the kids
a tourist, keep your expensive camera or phone hidden. E Listen to the locals
F Look confident

This is especially true in countries where there are big income differences, R ead the article again. Then cover the text
and particularly in urban areas. Children are sadly often the most and look at A -F . C an you rem ember the
dangerous people on the street because they have nothing to lose. If you advice? W hat advice would you give som eone
see a group of children coming toward you, ignore them completely and to avoid being robbed in your town?
walk quickly to an area where there are plenty of other people.
Look at the questions and predict the answers.
H ow to b eat the b u rg lars
If you see that people are watching you in a suspicious way, look straight 1 How long do you think a burglar usually
back at them and make eye contact. If they were thinking of robbing you, takes to search som eone’s house?
it will make them realize that you may not be an easy target.
2 W hich are the m ost common things that
burglars steal, apart from money?
3 What one thing would be likely to stop
If you are a tourist and somebody on the street tells you to put your
a burglar from coming into your house?
phone away, do it. Sometimes the locals can be overprotective because
they want you to see the best side of their town, but it's always a good 4 W hat factors influence a burglar to choose
idea to take their advice. If they say don't go somewhere, don't. a house?
5 Why do some burglars prefer it if the
owners are at home?
The safest thing to do is to call a reputable company every time you need 6 When are you m ost likely to be robbed,
one (your hotel can usually help with this). If you do have to get a taxi on during the day or night?
the street, make sure it looks like a regulated one (e.g., one that has an 7 How are burglars more likely to get
official number or company phone number on it), and never ever get into into a house?
a cab that has another person in the front passenger seat.
8 W hat is the best room in the
house to hide your
valuables?
What's the first thing tourists do when they come out of the Times Square
subway station in New York City? They look up at the tall buildings, and
then they pose to have their photo taken. When they're looking up, or
looking at the camera, that's the moment when a pickpocket steals their
wallet. Thieves also love the posters you see that warn tourists: “ Watch
out for pickpockets!” When men read that, their natural reaction is to
immediately put their hand on the pocket where their wallet is, to make
sure it's still there. The pickpockets are watching, and so they see exactly
where the man is carrying his wallet.

Adapted from CNN

74
e 4 30))) Listen to an interview with an ex-burglar. Check your d Talk to a partner.
answ ers to d. What are the m ost common
crimes in your town or city?
f Listen again for m ore detail. W hat reason s does he give for each What has been the biggest crime
answ er? W hat tips can you learn from what he says to protect story in your country in the last few weeks?
y o u rself from being robbed? Do you have trial by jury in your country?
Do you think it’s a good system?
g O f all the tips for staying safe at hom e and on the street, which
Do you have capital punishment in your country?
one do you think is the m ost useful? W hy? If not, would you re-introduce it?
Do you know anyone...? What happened?
• who has been burgled
2 V O C A B U LA R Y crime and punishment
• who has been mugged
a M atch the words for people who steal with the definitions in the list, • whose car has been stolen
• who has been unfairly accused o f shoplifting
burglar mugger pickpocket robber shoplifter th ie f
• who has been stopped by the police while driving
1 A ________ is someone who breaks into a building illegally in • who has been robbed while on vacation
order to steal. • who has been offered a bribe
• who has been kidnapped
2 A ________ is someone who steals from a person or place, e.g., a
bank, using or threatening violence.
3 A ________ is someone who steals something from a store.
4 M IN I G R A M M A R
4 A ________ is someone who steals from you on the street, usually
without you noticing. have something done
5 A ________ is someone who uses violence to steal from you on the They look up a t the tall buildings, and then
street. they pose to have their photo taken.
6 A ________ is the general word for someone who steals from a • Use have (something) done when you get
person. another person to do something fo r you.
Compare:
b 4 31))) Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllables. I took a photo o f Rockefeller Center = I took
the photo myself.
c > - p .160 Vocabulary Bank Crime and punishment. I had my photo taken a t Rockefeller Center =
I asked someone to take my photo.
• Have is the main verb so it changes
3 P R O N U N C IA TIO N & S P EA K IN G the letter u according to the tense.
I'm going to have my hair cut tomorrow. I had
accuse burglar caught court drugs fraud judge my car repaired a fte r the accident.
jury mugger murderer punishment smuggling
• You can also use get instead o f have, e.g., I'm
going to g e t my hair cu t tomorrow.
a Look at the w ords in the list, which all have the letter u in them.
Put them in the correct colum n below accordin g to how the vowel a Com plete the sentences with the right form
sound is pronounced. o f have + the past participle o f a verb from
the list.

cut install renew repair take

1 How often do y o u ______ your h air______ ?

2 Have you ever had a problem with your
laptop? Where did you______ it_______?
3 Do you usually______ your passport or
ID card ______ in plenty o f time before it
b 4 34))) Listen and check. expires?
4 Have y o u ______ a burglar alarm _______in
c Practice saying the sentences.
your house or apartment? What kind is it?
1 Luke was accused o f sm uggling drugs. 5 Have you ever______ your photo______ in
2 “M urderers must be punished,” said the judge front o f a fam ous monument? Where?
3 The burglar is doing community service.
b A sk and answ er the questions with a partner.
4 The jury said he was guilty o f fraud.
5 The mugger was caught and taken to court.

Online Practice 8A 75
 5 G R A M M A R the passive (all forms); f U se the notes below to com plete a new spaper crim e
story. All the reporting verbs are in the present passive.
it is said that..., he is thought to..., etc.
a R ead a true crim e story. W hat does it advise us to be
careful w ith? W hat happened to the w om an?
America’s most polite robber
P olice in Seattle, W ashington have arrested a man
w h o 1________________________ . (believe / be

Not her best buy Am erica’s most polite armed robber)

The robber, who said “ I'm robbing you, s ir” when he

If a m an app ro aches you outside a B est Buy ordered convenience-store owner John Henry to hand
store* w ith a co m p licated story abo ut needing over $ 3 0 0 ,2________________________ . (say / be an
m oney to get hom e, and a surprisingly cheap iPad unemployed 65 -year-old father)
fo r sale, don’t believe him!
G regory Paul Hess, the man who was arrested,
A w om an in Daytona Beach, Florida, 1learned / was 3________________________ (think / be the same
learned this the hard way afte r handing over $400 man) who com m itted s im ila r robberies in the Seattle
fo r w h at turned out to be a square piece of w ood area over ten years ago. Mr. Hess served five years in
with a piece of glass stu ck to the front. W hen the federal prison fo r those robberies.
man, 39-year-old Torrance Canady, w ho lo a d /
was h ad a long crim inal record, 3la te r caught / was Sources say Mr. Hess is called the “ Polite Robber”
later caught by the police, several m ore fake Apple® because he thanked and apologized to his v ic tim , John
p ro d u cts loound / were found in his car. There were H e n ry over and over. I t 4__________________________
tw o M acBooks that lo a d m ade / had been m ade from (report / Mr. Hess / apprehend) quickly because the
w ood and were covered in silver tape. An Apple® logo v ic tim , John H e n ry released a surveillance video of
6h ad c u t / h ad been c u t o ut in the m iddle, and a Best the robbery to the media.
Buy price tag stuck on the back. Canady insisted that
he 7d id n ’t know / w asn’t know n the com puters were
fake and said he'd “ bou ght them in a nearby tow n fo r
his girlfriend.” He 8l?as charged / has been charged
6 READING
with selling fake electrical equipm ent and 9/s holding / a Look at the title o f the article. W hat kind o f crim e(s) do
is being held in Volusia C ounty jail. you think it will be about?
* Best Buy store = a US store selling electronic equipment
b R ead the article once. C h o ose the best sum m ary o f the
w riter’s opinion.
b R ead the story again. (Circle) the correct form o f the verb. A Illegal downloading o f music is not necessarily bad for
the music industry. In some ways, it benefits it.
c 4 35))) Now listen to another crim e story. A nsw er the
questions. B There is no way o f stopping illegal downloading. We
will just have to learn to live with it.
1 Where were the burglaries taking place?
C Illegally downloading music is the same as stealing
2 What did he steal? it from a store, and it will ultimately harm the people
3 What did Cooper do apart from stealing? who are com m itting the crime.
4 What did he do if he found people at home?
c R ead the article again. A nsw er the questions with a
5 How was he caught?
partner.
6 Where did the police find him?
1 According to the writer, in what way do people have a
d Listen again and com plete the extracts with the different attitude to the online world?
m issin g w ords. H ow is the structure different after he 2 In what way is people’s attitude to online music
is thought and after it is thought? illogical?
1 .. .he is thought_________________between 50 and 3 W hat did the government want to do? W ho opposed
100 burglaries in the area. this, and why?
2 It is believed_________________mainly interested in 4 What is the writer's view about illegal downloading?
finding illegal substances... 5 Why does she compare fans who illegally download
3 C ooper is also sa id _________________him self at home their idols' music to “lovers” who “watch you as you
in the houses. drown”?
4 ...it’s thought______________________ to know 6 Why does she think that the people who download will
someone there. be the losers in the long run?
e > - p .146 Gram m ar Bank 8 A. Learn m ore about the d Look at the highlighted w ords and phrases related to
passive, and practice it. crim e. In p airs, figure out their m eaning.
76 8A
 7 SPEA K IN G
a In groups, d iscu ss the questions below:
Are these activities against the law in your
country? Do you think they should be illegal?
Why (not)? How do you think they should be
punished?

Online world
• Downloading music, books, and movies
• Hacking into somebody else’s computer
• Posting aggressive or threatening tw eets or
messages
• Photographing someone and posting the

C rim e online photo on the Internet w ith out their permission

• Using a false identity online
• Creating a com puter virus

W h a t is th e world online? Is it real? Are w e safe Real world

• Owning an aggressive breed o f dog
there? How should w e behave there? • Squatting in an unoccupied house (living there
w ith out paying rent)
he answer is: it’s ju st the Internet. Our Internet. The Internet we

T
• Going on strike w ith out having previously
made. It’s exactly like the real world - ju st a place w ith stores, and agreed / announced it
inform ation, where people talk - but on a computer. But fo r some • m istreating an animal in any way
reason, we won’t accept so simple an answer. We think that, as soon as • Painting a ttractive g ra ffiti on a wall or fence
something is on the Internet, it turns into something else, th a t it's not
quite real.

Take fo r instance a song. When is a song not a song? When it’s on the
Internet. If a song is on a CD, in a store, we would not hesitate to pay fo r
it. But if you put the same song on the Internet, millions o f people think
th a t you can take the same song w ith o u t paying fo r it. It's still the same
song, w ritte n by the same people, who spent the same hours and same
money recording it, but press a button and it’s yours.

There are plenty o f justifications fo r taking things fo r free on the

Internet. In fact, when the government proposed punishing illegal
downloaders w ith Internet disconnection, a lobby group o f artists and
musicians actually campaigned against it saying th a t “ it would reduce
the civil liberties o f every one o f us in this country.” P Useful language: saying w h at you th in k (1)
When we are giving our opinion about the
But how can this be true? How is being banned from using the Internet right way to punish someone, we often use
because you have com m itted a crime any d iffe re n t from being banned should + passive infinitive.
from a library because you stole some books from there? The Interent
I think illegal /
isn’t a necessity. It's thrilling and amazing and useful most o f the time, it should be
I don’t think against the law.
but it's not a rig h t to be able to use it. We don’t have a right to listen to
I think people who fined.
the music we want, or watch the movies we like, fo r free. These things do this should be sent to prison,
are treats, pleasures, luxuries. Why is it considered a right? Because banned from using
it's the Internet. And why is the Internet d iffe re n t from the rest of the the Internet,
world, where luxuries have to be paid for? Because.Jt’s the Internet. made to...
There is also the argument th a t it's good fo r artists to be heard and
seen. But what use are 9 million people who love your work, but not b C om pare your ideas with other groups.
enough to want to pay you fo r your song or your movie? Fans who don't D o you agree?
pay th e ir idols are like lovers who promise everlasting love but then sit
and watch you as you drown.
8 W R ITIN G
Do you know who w ill end up suffering the most from all this? Young
people, the ones who themselves are doing it. The music industry has > - p.118 Writing E xpressing your opinion.
shrunk 40% since 2000. Famous music magazines, like Melody Maker and W rite an article for a m agazine saying what
The Face, have now closed. And young people who try to get jobs in the you think about either dow nloading m usic
music industry complain about the low salaries, while they download and m ovies, o r about squatting.
hundreds o f dollars w o rth o f albums fo r free.
By The Times journalist Caitlin Moran
Online Practice 8A 77
8A
the passive (all forms); it is said that..., he is thought to..., etc.
th e p assiv e (all forms)

sim p le p re s e n t M u rd e re rs are u su a lly sentenced to life im p r is o n m e n t. 4 36)))

p re s e n t c o n tin u o u s T h e tria l i s being held r ig h t now .
p re s e n t p e rfe c t M y c a r has been stolen.
sim p le p a s t Jim was arrested la s t m o n th .
p a s t c o n tin u o u s T h e th e a te r w as being rebuilt w h e n it w a s s e t o n fire .
p a s t p e rfe c t W e sa w th a t o n e o f th e w in d o w s had been broken.
fu tu re T h e p r is o n e r w ill be released n e x t m o n th . T h e v e rd ic t is going to be given to m o rro w .
in fin itiv e P eople u se d to be im prisoned f o r s te a lin g b rea d .
b a s e fo rm You c a n be fined f o r p a rk in g a t a b u s s to p .
g e ru n d H e p a id a fin e to av o id being sent to jail.

• U se th e p assiv e w h e n y o n w a n t to ta lk a b o u t a n • I f y o u a lso w a n t to m e n tio n th e p e rs o n o r th in g th a t d id

a c tio n , b u t y o u a re n o t so in te re s te d in sa y in g th e a c tio n (the ag en t), u se by. H o w e v e r, in th e m a jo rity
w'ho o r w h a t d o e s / d id th e a c tio n . o f p assiv e s e n te n c e s th e a g e n t is n o t m e n tio n e d .

i t is s a i d t h a t . . . , h e is t h o u g h t to . .. , etc.

active passive 4 37)))

1 T h e y say t h a t th e fire w a s s ta r te d d elib erately . It is said that th e fire w a s s ta r te d d elib erately .
P e o p le t h in k th a t th e m a y o r w ill resig n . It is thought that th e m a y o r w ill resig n .
2 P e o p le say th e m a n is in h is 4 0 s . The man is said to be in h is 4 0 s .
T h e p o lic e b eliev e h e h a s le ft th e c o u n try . He is believed to have left th e c o u n try .

• T h is f o rm a l s tr u c tu r e is u s e d e sp e c ia lly in n e w s Y ou c a n u se It is said, believed, e tc . + that + clau se.

r e p o r ts a n d o n T V w ith th e v e rb s know, tell, Y ou c a n u se He, The man, etc. (i.e., th e s u b je c t o f th e
understand, report, expect, say, a n d think. It clau se) + is said, believed, etc. + in fin itiv e (e.g., to be) o r
m ak e s th e in fo r m a tio n s o u n d m o re im p e rso n a l. p e rfe c t in fin itiv e (e.g., to have been).

a R e w r i t e t h e s e n t e n c e s i n t h e p a s s iv e , w i t h o u t t h e a g e n t. b R e p h r a s e th e s e n te n c e s in tw o w a y s to m a k e th e m
m o re fo rm a l.
T h e p o lic e c a u g h t th e b u r g la r im m e d ia te ly .
The burglar was caught immediately. P e o p le t h i n k th e m u r d e r e r is a w o m a n .
1 P o lic e c lo s e d t h e r o a d a f t e r t h e a c c id e n t. It is thought that the murderer is a woman.
T h e r o a d ... T h e m u r d e r e r is thought to be a woman.
2 S o m e b o d y h a s s to le n m y b ag . 1 P o lic e b e lie v e th e b u r g la r is a lo c a l m a n .
M y b a g ... I t...
3 T h e y a re p a in tin g m y h o u se. T h e b u r g la r ...
M y h o u s e ... 2 P e o p le sa y t h e m u g g e r s a r e v e ry d a n g e r o u s .
4 T h e y 'll h o ld a m e e tin g to m o r r o w to d is c u s s th e p ro b le m . I t ...
A m e e t i n g ... T h e m u g g e r s ...
5 I f th e y h a d n ’t f o u n d th e b u r g la r in tim e , h e w o u ld h a v e 3 P o lic e t h i n k th e r o b b e r e n te r e d t h r o u g h a n o p e n
le ft th e c o u n tr y . w in d o w .
I f t h e b u r g la r ... I t...
6 T h e p o lic e c a n a r r e s t y o u f o r d r iv i n g w i t h o u t a lic e n s e . T h e r o b b e r ...
Y o u ... 4 P o lic e sa y th e m u r d e r e r h a s d is a p p e a r e d .
7 M i r a n d a t h i n k s s o m e o n e w a s fo llo w in g h e r la s t n ig h t. I t ...
M i r a n d a t h i n k s s h e . .. T h e m u r d e r e r ...
8 I h a te s o m e b o d y w a k i n g m e u p w h e n I 'm fa s t a s le e p . 5 L a w y e rs e x p e c t t h a t th e t r i a l w ill la s t t h r e e w e e k s .
I h a t e ... I t...
9 T h e y 'r e g o in g t o c lo s e t h e lo c a l p o lic e s ta tio n . T h e tr ia l...
T h e lo c a l p o lic e s t a t i o n . ..
< p .7 6
 V O C A B U LA R Y BANK
Crime and punishment
1 CRIM ES A N D C R IM IN A LS 2 W HAT HAPPENS
a M a tc h t h e e x a m p l e s t o t h e c r i m e s i n t h e c h a r t .
TO A C R IM IN A L
A T h e y to o k a r ic h m an 's so n a n d th e n asked fo r m o n e y fo r h is safe re tu rn . a C o m p l e t e t h e s e n te n c e s w i t h
B H e d elib erately d ro v e ab o v e th e s p e e d lim it a n d c a u se d a fatal accident. t h e w o r d s i n t h e lis t.

C T w o p a s s e n g e r s t o o k c o n tr o l o f t h e p la n e a n d m a d e t h e p ilo t la n d T h e crim e
i n t h e d e s e r t.
arrested /o'restid/ questioned /'kwestfand/
D S o m e o n e c o p ie d m y h a n d w r it i n g a n d s ig n e d m y n a m e t o a c h e ck . charged /tfardgd/ committe d /ko'm itid/
E W e c a m e h o m e f r o m v a c a tio n a n d f o u n d t h a t o u r T V w a s g o n e . investigated /in'vestogeitid/ caught kot/
F A t e e n a g e r g o t i n t o t h e P e n ta g o n 's c o m p u t e r s y s te m a n d
1 C a r l a n d A d a m committed a c r im e . T h e y
d o w n lo a d e d s o m e s e c r e t d a ta .
r o b b e d a la rg e s u p e r m a r k e t.
G W h e n th e b o r d e r p o lic e s e a r c h e d h is c a r, it w a s f u ll o f c ig a r e tte s .
2 T h e p o l i c e ____________ t h e c r im e .
H S o m e o n e t h r e w p a in t o n th e s ta t u e i n th e p a rk .
3 C a r l a n d A d a m w e r e ____________ d r iv in g
I H e s a id h e ’d s e n d t h e p h o t o s t o a n e w s p a p e r i f t h e a c tr e s s d i d n ’t
t o th e a i r p o r t in a s to le n c a r.
p a y h i m a lo t o f m o n e y .
4 T h e y w e r e ____________ a n d ta k e n to a p o lic e
J A n a r m e d m a n in a m a s k w a lk e d i n to a s to r e a n d s h o u te d , “G iv e
s ta tio n .
m e a ll th e m o n e y i n th e c a s h r e g is te r .”
5 T h e p o l i c e ____________ th e m f o r te n h o u r s .
K T h e c o m p a n y a c c o u n t a n t w a s t r a n s f e r r i n g m o n e y i n to h is o w n
6 F in a lly , th e y w e r e ____________ w i t h
b a n k a c c o u n t.
(= o f fic ia lly a c c u s e d o f) a r m e d r o b b e ry .
L T h e b u ild e r o ffe re d t h e m a y o r a f r e e a p a r t m e n t i n r e t u r n fo r
g iv in g h is c o m p a n y p e r m i s s i o n t o b u ild a n e w a p a r t m e n t T h e trial
b u i ld i n g o n s o m e w e tla n d s . accused /a'kyuzd/ acquitte d I k wit id/
M T h e y c o m m it t e d a v io le n t c r i m e t o c a u s e f e a r a m o n g th e c iv ilia n s . court /kart/ evidence 'evadans/
N S o m e b o d y s to le m y c a r la s t n i g h t f r o m o u ts id e m y h o u s e .
guilty (opposite innocent) 'gilti
judge/d 3Ad3/ jury/'dym i p ro o f/pruf/
O A m a n h e ld o u t a k n if e a n d m a d e m e g iv e h i m m y w a lle t.
punishment /'pnnijmant/ sentenced 'sent nst
P A w o m a n fo llo w e d a p o p s in g e r e v e ry w h e r e h e w e n t, w a tc h in g verdict/'vardikt/ witnesses 'witnosiz
h i m a n d s e n d in g h im c o n s t a n t m e s s a g e s o n th e I n te r n e t.
7 T w o m o n th s la te r , C a r l a n d A d a m
Crime Criminal Verb a p p e a r e d i n ___________.
1 blackmail /‘blaekmeil/ blackmailer blackmail 8 T h e y w e r e ____________ o f a r m e d r o b b e r y
2 bribery /'braibari/ - bribe a n d c a r th e f t.
3 burglary /'barglari/ burglar break in / burgle 9 ____________ to ld t h e c o u r t w h a t th e y h a d

4 forgery /‘Urdsari/ forger forge s e e n o r knew '.

10 T h e ____________ ( o f 12 p e o p le ) lo o k e d a t
5 fraud Trad/ fraudster commit fraud
a n d h e a r d a ll t h e ____________ .
6 hacking /hrekig/ hacker hack (into)
11 A f te r t w o d a y s t h e ju r y r e a c h e d
7 hijacking 'h a id ^kig / hijacker hijack
t h e i r ____________ .
8 kidnapping /'kidntepm/ kidnapper kidnap A
12 C a r l w a s f o u n d ____________. H i s
9 mugging /ˈɒıʌəɪŋ/ mugger mug f in g e r p r i n t s w e r e o n th e g u n u s e d in th e
10 murder /'mardar/ murderer murder ro b b e ry .
11 robbery /'rabari/ robber rob 13 T h e ____________ d e c id e d w h a t C a r l’s ________
12 smuggling /"smAglity smuggler smuggle s h o u ld be.

stalker stalk 14 H e ____________h i m t o t e n y e a r s i n p r i s o n

13 stalking /'stokir)/
(jail).
14 terrorism /'terarizam/ terrorist use violent actions, etc.
15 T h e r e w a s n o ____________ t h a t A d a m h a d
15 th e ft /heft/ th ie f steal
c o m m it t e d t h e c r im e .
16 vandalism 'vamdlizom/ vandal vandalize 16 H e w a s ____________ a n d a llo w e d to g o fre e .
b 4 32))) L i s te n a n d c h e c k . b 4 33))) L i s t e n a n d c h e c k .

< p .7 5
Online Practice
 8A Mini grammar have something done
a Look at the pictures. What are these people having done?

straight wash cut

1 She’s having her hair 2 3
straightened.

dry curl
4 5

  b Complete the sentences with the correct form of have, the past participle, and the words in
parentheses.
1 I need to have my suit cleaned before my cousin’s wedding. (suit / clean)
2 When we were in Paris, I by a street artist. (my portrait / paint)
3 I absolutely hate . I always look awful! (my photo / take)
4 We right now. (our kitchen / redecorate)
5 If you are feeling dizzy, you should . (blood pressure / check)
6 Have you ever ? (your fortune / tell)
7 I tomorrow. Could you give me a ride to work? (my car / fix)
8 I need – it’s not working well. (my watch / repair)
9 They had to in their yard. It was damaged in a storm. (the big tree / cut down)
10 We usually every five years. (our house / repaint)
11 I almost couldn’t stop in time at the traffic lights today. I must tomorrow.
(brakes / test)
12 Our neighbors yesterday. (a lot of new furniture / deliver)

activation
  c Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.
1 Where do you have your hair cut?
2 Do you mind having your photo taken?
3 When was the last time you had your blood pressure checked?
4 How often do you have your eyes tested?
5 Have you ever had your portrait painted? If not, would you like to?

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 G the passive (all forms); it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc.; have something done
V crime and punishment
P the letter u

8A Beat the robbers…and the burglars

Lesson plan Get Sts to compare with a partner and then check
answers.
In this lesson, the general topic is crime.
1 C 2 D 3 F 4 E 5 B 6 A
In the first section, there is a reading and listening that
gives practical tips on how to avoid being robbed on c Focus on the instructions and then give Sts time to read
the street and on how to protect your house from being the article again.
burglarized. Sts then expand their crime and punishment
Put Sts in pairs, get them to cover the article, look at A–F,
vocabulary. The pronunciation focus is on the different
and tell each other from memory what the advice is.
pronunciations of the letter u. The first section ends with
Sts talking about crime and punishment in their country For more practice, get the class to tell you from
and a Mini Grammar focus on have something done. memory the advice for each of the six headings.
In the second section of the lesson, crime provides a natural Encourage Sts to write down new lexis from the article.
context for the review of passive forms and Sts also learn
Finally, focus on the question What advice would you
how to use the structure it is said that… / he is thought to…
give someone to avoid being robbed in your town? and
They then read an article about the problems caused by
elicit ideas.
the illegal downloading of music. Sts then discuss whether
certain activities are illegal or not. The lesson ends with Sts d Tell Sts they are going to look at some questions about
writing a magazine article expressing their opinion on the burglars and how to reduce the chances of one breaking
legality of downloading music or squatters’ rights. into your house.
Elicit / explain the meaning of the word burglar
STUDY LINK
• Workbook 8A
and drill its pronunciation /ˈbərɡlər/. Highlight the
• Online Practice difference between a robber (= someone who robs you
• iChecker on the street) and a burglar (= someone who breaks into
your house and steals things). You could also elicit the
Extra photocopiable activities verb to burgle, and let Sts know that the verb to rob is
used more frequently, for both home and street crimes.
• Grammar the passive page 165 Finally, you might want to check Sts know the meaning
• Mini Grammar have something done page 177
• Communicative Good laws? page 203 (instructions page 184)
of valuables in question 8.
• Vocabulary Crime and punishment page 221 (instructions Give Sts time to read each question and predict the
page 212) answers.
Elicit ideas, but don’t tell Sts if they are right or not.
Optional lead-in – the quote
• Write the quote at the top of page 74 on the board (books Extra idea
closed) and the name of the person who said it, or get Sts • After focusing on the meaning of burglar and to burgle
to open their books and read it. or rob, you could ask Sts if they or their family have
ever been robbed and what the burglars took.
• Ask Sts what they think of the quote. Do they think it is
funny? e 4 30 Now tell Sts they are going to listen to an
interview with an ex-burglar. They must listen and
check their ideas to the questions in d.
1 READING & LISTENING
Play the audio once all the way through for Sts to listen
a First, focus on the title of the lesson and tell Sts they are and check.
going to read about how to avoid being robbed on the
street and in their home. Check answers.
Now focus on the questions. Either get Sts to answer Extra support
the questions in pairs or do them as an open-class • Before playing the audio, go through the audioscript
activity. If you have been robbed yourself, you could tell and decide if you need to preteach / check any lexis to
your own anecdote. help Sts when they listen.
b Focus on the text, which is adapted from an article on 1 twenty minutes
the CNN website, and the reading task. Go through 2 laptops or tablets
headings A–F and make sure Sts know the meaning of 3 a dog
smart, cab, rich, and locals. 4 It looks expensive, there are good places to hide around
the house, and no one is at home.
Set a time limit for Sts to read the article and match the 5 so they won’t get surprised in the house when the
headings to the paragraphs. owners come home
6 during the day
7 by removing a door or window
8 a child’s bedroom
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 8A
4 30 1 Twenty minutes is the maximum length of time a
burglar would spend in a house.
(audioscript in Student Book on page 128)
H = Host, D = Danny
2 Laptops and tablets are easy to sell and not so easy for
the owner to identify if the burglar gets caught later.
H So, welcome to the program, Danny. Now you’re an ex-
3 a dog because it is noisy and unpredictable
burglar yourself, so you can obviously give us the inside
story here. Tell me, how long does a burglar usually take to 4 An expensive house will have things worth taking.
rob a house? A house where there are good places to hide, so they
D I’d say that an experienced burglar would never spend can watch the house before they break in and they
more than 20 minutes in a house. Twenty minutes could hide when they come out. There’s also less
maximum and then out. chance of neighbors seeing them.
H And how much would they probably take in that time? Some burglars wait for no one to be at home.
D Maybe four thousand or five thousand buck’s worth of 5 (no extra details)
goods. It depends on the house. 6 You are most likely to be robbed during the day – the
H And what are the favorite things for burglars to steal?
majority of burglaries happen between around ten in the
D Well, these days they’re usually looking for things like
laptops and tablets. They’re easy to sell, you know, and not morning and lunchtime. A burglar will watch a house and
so easy for the owner to identify, if the burglar later gets then wait for the adults to go to work and the children
caught. to go to school.
H What one thing would be likely to stop a burglar from 7 Burglars are more likely to get into a house by removing
breaking into a house? a door or window at the back of the house. They can do
D I’d say definitely a dog, especially a noisy one. Burglars this quickly and it doesn’t make much noise.
don’t like dogs because they’re unpredictable. 8 a child’s bedroom because you wouldn’t usually expect
H What kind of things would actually make a burglar choose to find anything worth taking there
a particular house to break into?
D Well, it has to look like a house where there’ll be things
worth taking, so a burglar will usually go for a house that
Now ask the class what tips they have learned to avoid a
looks expensive, in a good area. And they’ll also often home burglary.
choose a house where there are trees or bushes outside
that are good places to hide while they’re watching the Extra support
house before they break in – and also where they could • If there’s time, you could play the audio again while
hide when they come out of the house. That way there’s
less chance of neighbors seeing them. And, obviously, Sts read the audioscript on page 128, so they can see
they’ll usually wait for the house to be empty before they what they understood / didn’t understand. Translate /
break in. explain any new words or phrases.
H So a burglar wouldn’t break in if they thought the owners
were at home? g Give Sts time to look back at the article in b and the
D Not usually no, though there are some burglars who information in d, and to decide which they think is the
actually prefer it if the owners are at home in bed. That
way they won’t get surprised by them suddenly coming most useful tip.
home when they’re in the middle of things.
H Oh, not a very nice thought. What’s the most common time Get some feedback from the class as to which tip they
of day for a burglar to break into your house? have chosen and why.
D People always think of burglars as working at night, and
of course some do, but the majority of burglaries happen
between around ten in the morning and lunchtime. A
burglar will watch a house and then wait for the adults to
2 VOCABULARY crime and punishment
go to work and the kids go to school, and then he can be a Focus on the instructions and give Sts time to match
sure the house is empty. the words with the definitions.
H What’s the easiest way for a burglar to break into a house?
D The easiest way is just taking out a window or a patio door, Get them to compare with a partner.
usually at the back of the house. You can do this really
quickly and it doesn’t make much noise if you have good b 4 31 Play the audio for Sts to listen and check.
equipment, which a serious burglar would usually have.
H And finally, what’s the safest room to hide your valuables Elicit the answers and write them on the board.
in? What’s the last place a burglar would look?
D There’s a typical order burglars use when they search a See audioscript 4.31
house. They start with the main bedroom, because that’s
often where people leave their valuables, and then the Then play the audio again and get Sts to underline the
living room. Um, after that, probably the dining room if
there is one, a home office, and then the kitchen. The last stressed syllable.
place would probably be a kid’s bedroom. You wouldn’t
usually expect to find anything worth taking there.
Check answers and drill pronunciation. You can use
H So a child’s bedroom is the best place to hide things? the audio to do this.
D Well, in theory, though of course if any burglars out there
have been listening to this program, they might start See underlining in audioscript 4.31
looking there first…

f Tell Sts they are going to listen to the interview again 4 31

and this time they must take notes on the reasons the 1 burglar 3 shoplifter 5 mugger
2 robber 4 pickpocket 6 thief
ex-burglar gives for his answers.
Play the audio, pausing after each of the ex-burglar’s Extra support
answers to give Sts time to write. Play again as • Help Sts to remember the words by getting them
necessary. to close their books and ask What’s a thief? What’s a
You could get Sts to compare with a partner before shoplifter? or What do you call a person who…?, etc.
checking answers.

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 8A
c Tell Sts to go to Vocabulary Bank Crime and Highlight that:
punishment on page 160. – charged with something = formally accused of
Focus on 1 Crimes and criminals and get Sts to do a something.
individually or in pairs. – trial is used for more serious offenses and court case
for less serious cases.
4 32 Now do b. Play the audio for Sts to check
answers. Practice any words your Sts find difficult to – court can refer to the building or to the institution,
pronounce. e.g., judge and jury. Common expressions with court
are to go to court or take someone to court.
4 32 – the difference between evidence (= things that
Crime and punishment indicate that someone might be guilty) and proof
Crimes and criminals (= things that show that someone is definitely guilty).
1 I blackmail, blackmailer, blackmail
2 L bribery, bribe Testing yourself
3 E burglary, burglar, break in / burgle
4 D forgery, forger, forge
For Crimes and criminals, Sts can cover the chart
5 K fraud, fraudster, commit fraud and try to remember the words for the crimes by
6 F hacking, hacker, hack into reading the example cases A–Q. They could then cover
7 C hijacking, hijacker, hijack the right-hand part of the chart to test themselves on
8 A kidnapping, kidnapper, kidnap
9 O mugging, mugger, mug the criminals and verbs. For What happens to a
10 B murder, murderer, murder criminal, Sts can look at the words in the two lists and
11 J robbery, robber, rob try to remember their meaning.
12 G smuggling, smuggler, smuggle
13 P stalking, stalker, stalk Testing a partner
14 M terrorism, terrorist, use violent actions
15 N theft, thief, steal See Testing a partner page 29.
16 H vandalism, vandal, vandalize
Tell Sts to go back to the main lesson 8A.
Point out that:
Extra support
– the words for the criminal and the verb are usually
• If you think Sts need more practice, you may want to
another form of the word for the crime.
give them the Vocabulary photocopiable activity at this
The exceptions are terrorism where there is no general
point or leave it for later as consolidation or review.
verb, fraud where we use the verb to commit fraud, and
theft where the verb is steal.
– all new verbs are regular except for set (set – set), and 3 PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING
steal and sell which Sts should already know.
the letter u
Now focus on 2 What happens to a criminal and
get Sts to do a individually or in pairs. Pronunciation notes
4 33 Now do b. Play the audio for Sts to check • Like all vowels in English, the letter u can be
answers. Practice any words your Sts find difficult to pronounced in different ways and crime vocabulary
pronounce. has several examples of the different pronunciations.
Highlight to Sts that ur, unless followed by an e, is
4 33 usually pronounced /ər/, and they should watch out
What happens to a criminal for the “hidden” /y/ in words like accuse, music, etc.
The crime
1 Carl and Adam committed a crime. They robbed a large a Focus on the task and elicit the sound and picture
supermarket. word for each column: /ʌ/ up, /ər/ bird, /ɔ/ saw, /yu/, and
2 The police investigated the crime. /ʊ/ tourist.
3 Carl and Adam were caught driving to the airport in a
stolen car. Now get Sts, individually or in pairs, to put the words
4 They were arrested and taken to a police station.
5 The police questioned them for ten hours.
in the correct column. Encourage them to say the
6 Finally, they were charged with armed robbery. words out loud before deciding which column they
The trial go into.
7 Two months later, Carl and Adam appeared in court.
8 They were accused of armed robbery and car theft. b 4 34 Play the audio for Sts to listen and check.
9 Witnesses told the court what they had seen or knew.
10 The jury (of 12 people) looked at and heard all the
Check answers and then elicit the answer to the question.
evidence.
11 After two days the jury reached their verdict. See audioscript 4.34
12 Carl was found guilty. His fingerprints were on the gun
used in the robbery.
13 The judge decided what Carl’s punishment should be. 4 34
14 He sentenced him to ten years in prison. /ʌ/ drugs, judge, mugger, punishment, smuggling
15 There was no proof that Adam had committed the crime. /ər/ burglar, murderer
16 He was acquitted and allowed to go free. /ɔ/ caught, court, fraud
/yu/ accuse
/ʊr/ jury

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 8A
Now play the audio again, pausing after each group of Check answers.
words for Sts to listen and repeat.
The story advises the readers to be careful with deals that
Then repeat the activity, eliciting responses from are too good to be true.
individual Sts. The woman paid $400 for an iPad that was in fact just a
piece of wood with some glass stuck to the front.
c Focus on the sentences and get Sts to read them
alternately in pairs. Extra challenge
Extra support • Alternatively, get Sts in pairs to retell the story from
memory.
• Read each sentence to the class, getting Sts to repeat
it after you. Then put Sts in pairs and get them to b This exercise reviews different forms of the passive and
practice saying them. Sts’ ability to choose between the active and passive
forms.
Get some Sts to read the sentences to the class.
Get Sts to read the story again and to circle the right
d Focus on the task and put Sts in pairs. form of the verb.
Give them time to ask and answer the questions. Get them to compare with a partner and then check
Encourage them to give as much information as possible. answers.
Monitor and correct pronunciation where necessary.
1 learned 6 had been cut
Finally, get feedback from individual Sts and contribute 2 had 7 didn’t know
opinions / experiences of your own if appropriate. 3 was later caught 8 has been charged
4 were found 9 is being held
Extra support 5 had been made
• You could do this as an open-class activity, especially c 4 35 Tell Sts they are going to listen to another
with a small class, eliciting answers from different crime story and give them time to read questions 1–6.
Sts and contributing yourself.
Play the audio once all the way through for Sts to listen
and answer the questions.
4 MINI GRAMMAR have something done
Get Sts to compare with a partner and play the audio
a Focus on the examples and go through the rules. again. Play again as necessary.
Highlight that have something done is used when you get
someone else to do something for you, often paying a Check answers.
professional, e.g., have your car repaired. 1 in houses shared by students / (in the area between
Focus on sentences 1–5 and elicit from the class the Broadway and 9th Street) in New York
2 drugs, electronics, and other gadgets
answer to the first one. 3 He helped himself to food and had a shower.
Then give Sts time to fill in the blanks and check 4 He pretended to know someone there.
5 Two students saw him in the area with a laptop and a
answers.
backpack that he had just stolen from their house.
1 How often do you have your hair cut? 6 hiding behind some bushes
2 Where did you have it repaired?
3 Do you usually have your passport or ID card renewed…?
4 35
4 Have you had a burglar alarm installed…?
5 Have you ever had your photo taken…? (audioscript in Student Book on page 128)
And last on our crime news stories from around the world, a
b Now put Sts in pairs and get them to ask and answer burglar who’s been fooling even the most intelligent students.
The area near Broadway and 9th Street in New York City is
the questions in a, giving as many details as possible. where students often head to when they’re looking for an
Get some feedback. apartment to share. This was something well known to Daniel
Stewart Cooper, who also knew that students in a shared
house often go out and leave the door unlocked, maybe
Extra support
thinking that another roommate is still inside. This situation
• If you think Sts need more practice, you may want to suited Cooper perfectly, and he is thought to have committed
give them the Mini Grammar photocopiable activity between 50 and 100 burglaries in the area. It is believed that
he was mainly interested in finding illegal substances, but
now or leave it for later as consolidation or review. that if he found electronics or other gadgets lying around,
he took those, too. And he didn’t just steal things. Cooper
is also said to have made himself at home in the houses,
5 GRAMMAR the passive (all forms); helping himself to food from the refrigerator and even taking
a shower. Although he usually tried to make sure that the
it is said that…, he is thought to…, etc. residents were out, if he did meet people, it’s thought that
he would pretend to know someone there, and so was able to
a Focus on the story and the two questions. Tell Sts not leave without raising suspicions.
to worry about the alternative forms 1–9 for the time However, on September 5th, Cooper was finally caught
being. after two students saw him in the area with a laptop and
a backpack that he had just stolen from their house. Dylan
Give Sts time to read the story and answer the John, one of the victims, told CBS News that Cooper had
questions. taken some food, too. Cooper, who ran off as soon as he
realized that the students suspected him, was found by the
police hiding behind some nearby bushes.

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 8A
d Focus on the task and give Sts time to read the four a
extracts from the listening. 1 The road was closed after the accident.
2 My bag has been stolen.
Play the audio once all the way through for Sts to listen 3 My house is being painted.
and fill in the blanks. Play the audio again, pausing 4 A meeting will be held / is being held tomorrow…
after each sentence to give Sts time to write. 5 If the burglar hadn’t been found in time,...
6 You can be arrested for driving without a license.
Get Sts to compare with a partner and then check 7 Miranda thinks she was followed / was being followed
answers. last night.
8 I hate being / to be woken up when I’m fast asleep.
1 …he is thought to have committed between 50 and 100 9 The local police station is going to be closed.
burglaries in the area.
b
2 It is believed that he was mainly interested in finding
1 It is believed that the burglar is a local man.
drugs…
The burglar is believed to be a local man.
3 Cooper is also said to have made himself at home in
2 It is said that the muggers are very dangerous.
the houses.
The muggers are said to be very dangerous.
4 …It’s thought that he would pretend to know
3 It is thought that the robber entered through an open
someone there.
window.
Now ask Sts how the structure changes after he is The robber is thought to have entered through an
open window.
thought and after it is thought.
4 It is said that the murderer has disappeared.
After he is thought (said / believed), etc. you use to + The murderer is said to have disappeared.
infinitive. 5 It is expected that the trial will last three weeks.
After it is thought (said / believed), etc. you use that + The trial is expected to last three weeks.
a clause.
Tell Sts to go back to the main lesson 8A.
You might want to highlight that after I / you / we / they,
Extra support
you also use to + infinitive.
• If you think Sts need more practice, you may want to
e 4 36 4 37 Tell Sts to go to Grammar Bank 8A give them the Grammar photocopiable activity at this
on page 146. Focus on the example sentences and play point or leave it for later as consolidation or review.
the audio for Sts to listen to the sentence rhythm.
You could also get Sts to repeat the sentences to f Focus on the newspaper story and get Sts to use the
practice getting the rhythm right. Then go through prompts to write the missing phrases.
the rules with the class. Get them to compare with a partner and then check
answers.
Additional grammar notes
1 is believed to be America’s most polite armed robber
the passive (all forms) 2 is said to be an unemployed 65-year-old father
• Sts at this level should be familiar with all the 3 is thought to be the same man
different forms of the passive, but it is likely that 4 is reported that Mr. Hess was apprehended
they will be more confident with the present and
Finally, ask Sts which of the three stories they thought
past forms that they have been using since
was the most incredible (although they are all true).
American English File 2 than with the more
complex forms (e.g., past continuous, past perfect,
gerund, and infinitive). 6 READING
the use of by in passive sentences a Focus on the title of the article, Crime online, and elicit
• Some Sts may tend to overuse by and want to include from the class what kind of crime(s) they think will be
it every time they use the passive. One of the mentioned. Don’t tell them if they are right or not.
exercises here tries to correct this tendency. b Focus on the task and the three summaries, making
it is said that…, he is thought to… sure Sts know the meaning of ultimately and harm in C.
• These “advanced” passive structures are included Set a time limit for Sts to read the article once and
more for recognition than production because they choose the best summary according to the writer’s
are low frequency in spoken English. However, Sts opinion.
will certainly come across them if they read news Check the answer.
websites or watch TV in English.
The best summary is C.
Focus on the exercises and get Sts to do them
individually or in pairs. c Give Sts time to read questions 1–6, making sure they
understand idol, drown, and in the long run.
Check answers, getting Sts to read the full sentences.
Get Sts to read the article again.
Put Sts in pairs and get them to discuss the six questions.
Extra idea
• You could get Sts to underline the parts of the text
that give them the answers.

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 8A
Check answers. b Tell Sts to read the article again and this time to fill in
the blanks with words or phrases from the list.
1 People think that anything in the online world is free.
2 If people wanted a song on a CD, they wouldn’t just take Get Sts to compare with a partner and then check
it from the store because it is stealing, but online they answers.
feel they can help themselves.
3 The government wanted to punish illegal downloaders 2 In most cases 7 In addition
with Internet disconnection. A group of artists and 3 First 8 Finally
musicians opposed this because they said it reduced 4 For instance 9 so
people’s rights. 5 whereas 10 In conclusion
4 She thinks people who download music illegally should 6 Second
be punished (for example, being banned from using the
Internet). c Focus on the task and the two titles.
5 Because they love music, but they are watching the
music industry suffer. Give Sts a little time to think about which title they
6 Because the music industry will get smaller and music want to write about.
magazines will close. People who want to work in the
music industry will find that the salaries are very low
Get Sts to find someone who has chosen the same title.
because of money lost through illegal downloading. d Focus on the instructions and go through points 1–3
d Focus on the highlighted words and phrases related to with the class.
crime. Get Sts, in pairs, to guess their meaning. Tell Now give Sts time, in their pairs, to discuss the reasons
them to read the whole sentence because the context they are going to write about in the main paragraphs.
will help them guess.
e Focus on the Useful language: ways of giving your
Check answers, either explaining in English, translating opinion and Ways of giving examples box and go
into Sts’ L1, or getting Sts to check in their dictionaries. through it with the class.
Help with any other new vocabulary and encourage Sts Go through the instructions. Then either get Sts to do
to write down any useful new lexis from the article. the writing in class (set a time limit of, e.g., 20 minutes)
or get them to write at home for homework.
7 SPEAKING f Sts should check their work for mistakes before
turning it in.
a Focus on the Useful language: saying what you
think (1) box and go through it with the class.
Model and drill the pronunciation of illegal /ɪˈliɡl/ and
law /lɔ/.
Now focus on the instructions and go through each
activity, eliciting the meaning of any words you think
your Sts don’t know, e.g., breed, squatting, fence, etc.
Put Sts in groups of three or four. They should choose
a note-taker who will write down their decisions.
You may want to set a time limit, but extend it if they
need more time.
Monitor and encourage Sts to use the structures from
the Useful language box.
b Get feedback. Start with the first activity and ask each
note-taker what their group concluded.
If there’s time, do the same with the other activities.
Help with any vocabulary problems that come up.

8 WRITING expressing your opinion

Tell Sts to go to Writing Expressing your opinion
on page 118.
a Focus on the task and read the title of the magazine
article out loud to the class. Elicit / explain what
community service means. Then ask Sts if they agree or
disagree with the title.
Give Sts time to quickly read the article to find out
what the writer’s opinion is. Tell them not to worry
about the blanks.
Elicit the writer’s opinion.
The writer thinks that, in general, community service is the
wrong punishment for sports stars who commit a crime.

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