ARDUINO BASED SMART PLANT WATERING SYSTEM

Done by :
Aya Qassas
Khuzama Alwekhyan
Rana Almansour

Supervised by :
Dr. Ashraf AL sharah
Abstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has ushered in a revolutionary era across various
facets of daily life, endowing them with intelligence and connectivity. IoT involves an
interconnected network of devices, forming a self-configuring system. The emergence of
Intelligent Smart Farming IoT devices is transforming agricultural production, not only
augmenting efficiency but also rendering it cost-effective while curbing wastage.

This report aims to present an IoT-based Smart Farming System designed to empower
farmers with real-time data, specifically focusing on temperature and soil moisture
levels for meticulous environmental monitoring. The integration of Arduino Technology,
complemented by diverse sensors and a WiFi module, facilitates the generation of live
data feeds. The objective is to provide farmers with actionable insights to enhance
overall yield and improve the quality of agricultural products.

Introduction:
The team worked on the Arduino based automatic plant watering system with a built in
pump and a water tank .This system is useful especially for user’s who have a day travel
a lot as this system can water plants only when necessary without any human
intervention What makes our project unique than the other innovations in the current
market from watering plants is it’s built in function which allows the user to be updated
from time to time about the status and plant . Proper watering is exigent for the plants
and trees which are grown in containers. Many people un surmounted to take good care
of expensive plants or trees like Bonsai because of improper timing or lack of watering.
An automated system which is capable of perceiving the proper situation of watering
plants can be convenient in this regard. In this paper, a micro-controller board Arduino
has been used, which has an ATMEGA 328p chip in it. A couple of sensors are integrated
into it for detecting daylight, moisture of soil and water level in the plant’s pot. A
program has been set to the Arduino to take the norm from the sensor, comparing the
retrieved value with our predefined standard threshold and turn on or off the water
pump according to the plants need. A message alert system has been set to notify the
owner if there is any problem in supplying water from the main source.

Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical
world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform
based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing
software for the board.Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs
from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and
other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate
with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards
can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be
downloaded for free.

Objectives :
The objective of our project is to minimize the human intervention and make the
process of plant watering automatic, for this purpose we have used Arduino along with
soil moisture sensor. The Arduino based “Automatic Plant Watering System” will serve
the following purposes.

1. Continuously monitor the amount of soil water available to plants (this is usually
achieved using a sensing system).

2. Determine if watering is required for the plants based on the information obtained
from monitoring the soil water content.

3. Supply exact (or approximate) amount of water required for the plants. This will be
enhanced by how well it achieves objective 1.

4. Discontinue the water supply when the required amount has been delivered to the
plants. This feature is important as the amount of water available for the irrigation
system is not infinite, therefore water management is paramount.

METHODOLOGY:

Step1: Gather the required components:

- Arduino Uno board
- Soil moisture sensor
- Water pump
- Relay module
- LEDs
- Jumper wires
- Breadboard
- Power source
Step2: Connect the components:
- Connect the soil moisture sensor to the Arduino board using jumper wires.

- Connect the water pump to the Arduino board using a relay module. Ensure the relay
is connected correctly to control the pump.

- Connect the LEDs to the Arduino board to indicate the system's status. You can use
different colors to represent different states (e.g., green for normal, red for watering,
etc.).
Step3: Write the code:
- Define the pin connections for the soil moisture sensor, water pump, and LEDs in the
code.

- Initialize the pins as inputs or outputs.

- Create a loop function that continuously monitors the soil moisture level using the
sensor.

- If the moisture level is below a certain threshold, activate the water pump via the
relay module.

- While the water pump is active, the corresponding LED should light up.

- Update the status LEDs accordingly when the system is in different states.
Step5: Upload the code:

- Connect the Arduino board to your computer using a USB cable.

- Make sure the correct board and port are selected in the Arduino IDE.

- Click the "Upload" button to compile and upload the code to the Arduino board.

This C++ code is designed for a microcontroller board. It reads the soil moisture level
from an analog pin and controls the state of three output pins based on the measured
value. The `setup()` function initializes the board's settings, while the `loop()` function
repeatedly reads the analog value, compares it to a threshold, and adjusts the state of
the output pins accordingly. A delay is added at the end of each loop iteration to
improve simulation performance. Overall, the code allows for interfacing with other
components based on soil moisture levels.

Step6: Test the system:

- Place the soil moisture sensor in a pot or simulate its readings manually.

- Observe the LEDs and the water pump's behavior based on the soil moisture level.

- Ensure that the pump activates when the soil moisture is below the threshold and
deactivates when it reaches an acceptable level.
Conclusion :
The system is ideal for the expensive, rare and luxurious plants which are basically
planted in pots. It can also be applied to gardening in the apartment’s or any space. The
whole circuit consumes a low power . The main advantage of the system is that it only
turns the water pump on when its needed and instantly turns off when the water is
sufficient. Besides, it can detect any leakage in the water supply and notify the user. In
this way, it prevents wastage of water and ensures the appliance of water optimally. In
the future, we have a plan to consider more criteria in determining perfect timing for
watering and apply the whole system for large firm land. As the system is optimized for
perfect timing of watering, it may help the plants to remain healthy and grow perfectly.
Thus the system would not only keep the plants alive, but also facilitate to grow up in a
healthy way.

Reference:
1. http://suspace.su.edu.bd/bitstream/handle/123456789/336/Thesis%20book-
%20Arduino%20based%20smart%20plant%20watering%20system-January-
2020.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

2. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57041791/1548-
libre.pdf?1532151745=&response-content-
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