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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Course Outcomes:
CO No. Description BL
C318.1 Implement various DSP Algorithms using software packages. 03
C318.2 Implement DSP algorithms with Digital Signal Processor. 03

C318.3 Analyze and observe magnitude and phase characteristics (Frequency response 04
Characteristics) of digital IIR-Butterworth, Chebyshev filters.
Analyze and observe magnitude and phase characteristics (Frequency response
C318.4 04
Characteristics) of digital FIR filters using window techniques.
C318.5 Analyze digital filters using Software Tools. 04

List of Experiments:
1. Generate the following standard discrete time signals.
i) Unit Impulse ii) Unit step iii) Ramp iv) Exponential v) Sawtooth
2. Generate sum of two sinusoidal signals and find the frequency response (magnitude and phase).
3. Implement and verify linear and circular convolution between two given signals.
4. Implement and verify autocorrelation for the given sequence and cross correlation between two
given signals.
5. Compute and implement the N-point DFT of a given sequence and compute the power density
spectrum of the sequence.
6. Implement and verify N-point DIT-FFT of a given sequence and find the frequency response
(magnitude and phase).
7. Implement and verify N-point IFFT of a given sequence.
8. Design IIR Butterworth filter and compare their performances with different orders (Low Pass
Filter /High Pass Filter)
9. Design IIR Chebyshev filter and compare their performances with different orders (Low Pass
Filter /High Pass Filter).
10. Design FIR filter (Low Pass Filter /High Pass Filter) using windowing technique.
i. Using rectangular window
ii. Using hamming window
iii. Using Kaiser window
11. Design and verify Filter (IIR and FIR) frequency response by using Filter design and Analysis
Tool.
12. Compute the Decimation and Interpolation for the given signal.
13. Real time implementation of an audio signal using a digital signal processor.
14. Compute the correlation coefficient for the two given audio signals of same length using a digital
signal processor.
Note: Any TWELVE of the experiments are to be conducted.
References:
1. Digital Signal Processing: Alon V. Oppenhelm, PHI
2. Digital Signal processing(II-Edition): S.K. Mitra, TMH
Online Learning Resources/Virtual Labs:
1. http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/dsp/#

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Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS TO BE CONDUCTED
Software Experiments (Using Matlab)

1. Generate the following standard discrete time signals.

i) Unit Impulse ii) Unit step iii) Ramp iv) Exponential v) Sawtooth
2. Generate sum of two sinusoidal signals and find the frequency response (magnitude and phase).
3. Implement and verify linear and circular convolutions between two given signals.
4. Implement and verify autocorrelation for the given sequence and cross correlation between two
given signals.
5. Compute and implement the N-point DFT of a given sequence and compute the power density
spectrum of the sequence.
6. Implement and verify N-point DIT-FFT of a given sequence and find the frequency response
(magnitude and phase).
7. Implement and verify N-point IFFT of a given sequence.
8. Design IIR Butterworth filter and compare their performances with different orders (Low Pass
Filter /High Pass Filter)
9. Design IIR Chebyshev filter and compare their performances with different orders (Low Pass Filter
/High Pass Filter).
10.Design FIR filter (Low Pass Filter /High Pass Filter) using windowing technique.
i.)Using rectangular window
ii.)Using hamming window
iii.)Using Kaiser window
11. Design and verify Filter (IIR and FIR) frequency response by using Filter design and Analysis
Tool.
12. Compute the Decimation and Interpolation for the given signal.
Hardware Experiments (Using DSP Processor)

1. Implement and verify linear and circular convolution between two given signals.
2. Implement and verify autocorrelation for the given sequence and cross correlation between two
given signals.
3. Find DFT of given discrete time signal.
4. Implement and verify N-point DIT-FFT of a given sequence.
5. Implement and verify N-point IFFT of a given sequence
6. Design and implementation of FIR with low pass / high pass filter using any three
windowing techniques. Plot its magnitude and phase responses.
7. Design and implementation of IIR Butterworth (LP/HP) filter..
8. Design and implementation of IIR Chebyshev (LP/HP) filter.
9. Compute the Decimation and Interpolation for the given signal.

Advanced Experiments (Beyond Curriculum)

1. Convert CD Data to DVD Data.
2. Power Density Spectrum

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CONTENTS
S.NO. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO
Software Experiments(Using Matlab)

Generation of discrete time Signals

1

2 Generate sum of two sinusoidal Signals.

3 Linear and Circular Convolutions between two given signals.

Autocorrelation for the given sequence and Cross Correlation between two given
4
signals.
5 N-point DFT of a given Sequence .

6. N-point DIT-FFT of a given Sequence

7. N-point IFFT of a given Sequence

8 Design and implementation of IIR Butterworth (LP/HP) filter

9 Design and implementation of IIR Chebyshev (LP/HP) filter.

Design and implementation of FIR filter with (LP/HP) filter using any three
10
windowing techniques. Plot its magnitude and phase responses
11 Filter (IIR and FIR) frequency response by using Filter design and Analysis Tool.

12 Decimation and Interpolation for the given signal.

Hardware Experiments (Using DSP Processor)

Linear and circular convolution between two given signals

1
Autocorrelation for the given sequence and cross correlation between two given
2 signals.

3 N-point DFT of a given Sequence.

4 N-point DIT-FFT of a given Sequence.

5 N-point IFFT of a given Sequence.

Design and implementation of FIR filter with (LP/HP) filter using any three
6
windowing techniques. Plot its magnitude and phase responses
Design and implementation of IIR Butterworth (LP/HP) filter
7
Design and implementation of IIR Chebyshev (LP/HP) filter.
8
Decimation and Interpolation for the given signal.
9
Advanced experiments (Beyond Curriculum)

1 Convert CD Data to DVD Data.

2 Power Spectral Density

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DOS & DONTS IN LABORATORY

1. While entering the Laboratory, the students should follow the dress code (Wear shoes, White
Apron & Female students should tie their hair back).
2. The students should bring their observation note book, Lab manual, record note book,
calculator, and necessary stationary items.
3. While sitting in front of the system, check all the cable connections and Switch on the
computer.
4. If a student notices any fluctuations in power supply, immediately the same thing is to be
brought to the notice of technician/lab in charge.
5. At the end of practical class the system should be switch off safely and arrange the chairs
properly.
6. Each program after completion should be written in the observation note book and should be
corrected by the lab in charge on the same day of the practical class.
7. Each experiment should be written in the record note book only after getting signature from
the lab in charge in the observation note book.
8. Record should be submitted in the successive lab session after completion of the experiment.
9. 100% attendance should be maintained for the practical classes.

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SCHEME OF EVALUVATION
Marks Awarded

S No Date Name Of The Experiment Sign.

Observation Viva voce Total
(10M) (10M) (20M)

Software Experiments(Using Matlab)

Generation of discrete time Signals
1.
Generate sum of two sinusoidal
2. Signals.
Linear and Circular Convolutions
3. between two given Signals.
Autocorrelation for the given sequence
and Cross Correlation between two
4 given signals.
N-point DFT of a given Sequence .
5
N-point DIT-FFT of a given Sequence
6
N-point IFFT of a given Sequence
7
Design and implementation of FIR
filter with (LP/HP) filter using any
8 three windowing techniques. Plot its
magnitude and phase responses
Design and implementation of IIR
9 Butterworth (LP/HP) filter
Design and implementation of IIR
10 Chebyshev (LP/HP) filter.
Filter (IIR and FIR) frequency response
by using Filter design and Analysis
11 Tool.
Decimation and Interpolation for the
12 given signal.
Hardware Experiments (Using DSP Processor)

Linear and circular convolution

1 between two given signals
Autocorrelation for the given Sequence
and cross correlation between two
2 given signals.
N-point DFT of a given Sequence.
3
N-point DIT-FFT of a given Sequence.
4
N-point IFFT of a given Sequence.
5

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Design and implementation of IIR

6 Butterworth (LP/HP) filter
Design and implementation of IIR
7 Chebyshev (LP/HP) filter.
Design and implementation of FIR
filter with (LP/HP) filter using any
8 three windowing techniques. Plot its
magnitude and phase responses.
Decimation and Interpolation for the
9 given signal.
Advanced experiments (Beyond Curriculum)

Convert CD Data to DVD Data.

1

2 Power Spectral Density

Signature of Lab In-charge

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

SOFTWARE EXPERIMENTS
(USING MATLAB)

1|Pa ge VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPT OF E.C.E

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No:01 Date:

GENERATION OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

AIM: -To write a “MATLAB” Program to generate of discrete time signals like
unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp, exponential signal and sawtooth signals.

SOFTWARE REQURIED :-

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:-
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

PROGRAM:-
%unit impulse function%
%Discrete%
n=-10:10;
Xn=(n==0);
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(n,Xn);
axis([-11 11 -0.5 1.5]);
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title(' unit impulse function');
%unit step function%
%Discrete%
n=-10:10;
Xn=(n>=0);
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(n,Xn);
axis([-11 11 -0.5 1.5]);
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title(' discrete unit step function');

%unit ramp function%

%Discrete%
n=-10:10;
Xn=(n>=0).*n;
subplot(3,2,3);
stem(n,Xn);
axis([-11 11 -1 11]);
xlabel(' Samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title(' discrete unit ramp function');

2|Pa ge VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPT OF E.C.E

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

% exponential signal:
%Discrete%
n2=input('enter the length of the exponential sequence');
t=0:n2;
a=input('enter the a value');
y2=exp(a*t);
subplot(3,2,4);
stem(t,y2);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time period');
title('exponential sequence')

%sawtooth signal
%Discrete%
n=0:10;
Xn=sawtooth(pi*n/4);
subplot(3,2,5);
stem(n,Xn);
axis([-0.5 11 -1.5 1.5])
xlabel('time period');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('sawtooth sequence');

OUTPUT:-

3|Pa ge VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPT OF E.C.E

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:-

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define impulse, unit step, ramp signals and write their expressions?

2. Define exponential and sinusoidal signals and write their expressions?

3. Express unit step signal in terms of unit impulse?

4. Express ramp signal in terms of unit step signal?

5. Represent the signal x[n]={1,2,-1,3,2}using impulse signal?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No:02 Date:

SUM OF TWO SINUSOIDAL SIGNALS

AIM: - To write a MATLAB program to find the sum of two sinusoidal signals and to find
frequency response (magnitude and phase).

SOFTWARE REQURIED :-

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:-
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

PROGRAM:-

clc;
Clear all;
Close all;
t=0:0.001:0.1;
f1=50;
x1=2*pi*f1*t;
y1=sin(x1);
figure;
subplot (3,1,1);
plot (t,y1);
title('sin(x1');
f2=100;
x2=2*pi*f2*t;
y2=sin(x2);
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,y2);
title('sin(x2)');
y=y1+y2;
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,y);
title('sinx1=sinx2')

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. How do you find sum of sinusoid?

2. How do you add two sinusoidal currents?

3. What is amplitude of sinusoidal function?

4. What is meant by sinusoidal signal?

5. What is phase of sinusoidal function?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No:03 Date:

LINEAR AND CIRCULAR CONVOLUTIONS

AIM: - To write MATLAB programs to find out the linear convolution and Circular
convolution of two sequences.

SOFTWARE REQURIED :-

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:-
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

PROGRAM:-

%Program for linear convolution

%to get the input sequence
n1=input('enter the length of input sequence');
n2=input('enter the length of impulse sequence');
x=input('enter the input sequence');
h=input('enter the impulse sequence');

%convolution operation
y=conv(x,h);
%to plot the signal
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n1. .. >');
title('input sequence')
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(h);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n2. .. >');
title('impulse signal')
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(y);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n3');
disp('the resultant signal is');y

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT : LINEAR CONVOLUTION

Enter the length of input sequence 4
Enter the length of impulse sequence 4
Enter the input sequence [1 2 3 4]
Enter the impulse sequence [4 3 2 1]

The resultant signal is

y= 4 11 20 30 20 11 4

input sequence
4
amlitude

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n1.... >
impulse signal
4
amlitude

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n2.... >

40
amlitude

20

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
n3

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

%%Program for circular convolution

clc;
clear all;
close all;
%to get the input sequence
g=input('enter the input sequence');
h=input('enter the impulse sequence');
N1=length(g);
N2=length(h);
N=max(N1,N2);
N3=N1-N2
%loop for getting equal length sequence
if(N3>=0)
h=[h,zeros(1,N3)];
else
g=[g,zeros(1,-N3)];
end
%computation of circular convoluted sequence
for n=1:N;
y(n)=0;
for i=1:N;
j=n-i+1;
if(j<=0)
j=N+j;
end
y(n)=y(n)+g(i)*h(j);
end
end
figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(g);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n1..>');
title('input sequence')
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(h);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n2');
title('impulse sequence')
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(y);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('n3');
disp('the resultant signal is');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT : CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION

Enter the input sequence [1 2 2 1]
Enter the impulse sequence [4 3 2 1]

The resultant signal is

y= 15 17 15 13

input sequence
2
amplitude

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n1..>
impulse sequence
4
amplitude

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n2

20
amplitude

10

0
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
n3

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1.) Define Convolution?

2.) What are the types of Convolution?

3.) What is Linear Convolution & Circular Convolution?

4.) State the methods available to compute Convolution Sum?

5.) What is the significance of convolution?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 04 Date:

AUTO-CORRELATION AND CROSS-CORRELATION

AIM: - To write a Matlab program to compute autocorrelation for the given sequence and
cross correlation between two signals.

SOFTWARE REQURIED :-

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

.PROCEDURE:

 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

PROGRAM:

clc; clear all; close all;

t=0:0.01:1;
f1=3;
x1=sin(2*pi*f1*t);
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x1);
title('sine wave');
xlabel('time ---- >');
ylabel('amplitude --->');
grid;
[rxx lag1]=xcorr(x1);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(lag1,rxx);
grid;
title('auto-correlation function of sine wave');
figure;
subplot(2,2,1);
plot(t,x1);
title('sine wave x1');
xlabel('time ---- >');
ylabel('amplitude --- >');
grid;
f2=2;
x2=sin(2*pi*f2*t);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(t,x2);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

title('sine wave x2');

xlabel('time ---->');,ylabel('amplitude --- >');
grid;
[cxx lag2]=xcorr(x1,x2);
subplot(2,2,[3,4]);
plot(lag2,cxx);
grid;
title('cross-correlation function of sine wave');

OUTPUT:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM:

clc;
close all;
clear all;
% two input sequences
x=input('enter input sequence');
h=input('enter the impulse suquence');
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('input sequence');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('impulse sequence');
% cross correlation between two sequence
y=xcorr(x,h);
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title(' cross correlation between two sequences ');
% auto correlation of input sequence
z=xcorr(x,x);
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(z);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('z(n)');
title('auto correlation of input sequence');

INPUT:

enter input sequence [1 2 5 7]

enter the impulse sequence [2 6 0 5 3]

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1.) Define Cross Correlation?

2.) What are the applications of Cross Correlation in signal de noising?

3.) Define Cross Power Spectral Density?

4.) How Cross Correlation is different Auto Correlation?

5.) Describe the formula to compute Cross Correlation?

19 | P a g e VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPT OF E.C.E

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 05 Date:

DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM

AIM: To find DFT of a given sequence and compute the power density spectrum of the
sequence.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window
THEORY:
Basic equation to find the DFT of a sequence is given below.

Basic equation to find the IDFT of a sequence is given below.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

4. PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
tic;
fprintf('Date & Time:');
Date= datestr(now);
disp(Date);
%DFT
disp('D.F.T');
a=input('Enter the input sequence:');
n=length(a);
x=fft(a,n);
for k=1:n;
y(k)=0;
for i=1:n
y(k)=y(k)+a(i)*exp((-j)*2*pi*(i-1)*(k-1)*(1/n));
end
end
error=x-y;
disp(x);
disp(y);
disp(error);
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(a);
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('input sequence');
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(0:n-1,abs(x));
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('FFT sequence by inbuilt command');
subplot(3,2,5);
stem(0:n-1,abs(y));
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('DFT by formula calculation');
subplot(3,2,6);
stem(error);
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('error sequence');
% Power Spectral Density
P = x.* conj(x) / 512;
f = 1000*(0:256)/512;
figure,plot(f,P(1:257))
title('Frequency content of y');
xlabel('frequency (Hz)');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

INPUT:

D.F.T
Enter the input sequence:[1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1]

OUTPUT

Columns 1 through 4
12.0000 -1.0000 + 1.0000i -2.0000 -1.0000 - 1.0000i
Columns 5 through 8
4.0000 -1.0000 + 1.0000i -2.0000 -1.0000 - 1.0000i
Columns 1 through 4
12.0000 -1.0000 + 1.0000i -2.0000 - 0.0000i -1.0000 - 1.0000i
Columns 5 through 8
4.0000 + 0.0000i -1.0000 + 1.0000i -2.0000 - 0.0000i -1.0000 - 1.0000i
1.0e-014 *
Columns 1 through 4
0 0.0444 + 0.0222i 0.0444 + 0.0888i -0.0666 - 0.0666i
Columns 5 through 8
0 - 0.1715i 0.7105 + 0.1887i 0.2665 + 0.2665i -0.1887 - 0.0666i
Elapsed time is 27.683359 seconds

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the difference between DTFT and DFT?

2. Write any Two Properties of DFT?

3. What is zero Padding and Explain the effect of it on magnitude Spectrum?

4. Write the Two properties of Twiddle Factor?

5. How many no. of Complex Multiplications and Additions are required to compute N-Point
DFT?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 06 Date:

FFT USING Decimation-In-Time (DIT) ALGORITHM

1. AIM: Write a MATLAB program to perform N-point DIT- FFT of a given signal and to plot its
magnitude and phase spectrum.

2. SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

3. PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 .Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window\

PROGRAM:

clc;
close all;
clear all;
tic;
fprintf('Date & Time:');
Date= Datestr(now);
disp(Date);
fprintf('DIT-FFT');
fprintf('\n\n');
N=input('Enter the length of the input sequence:');
for i=1:N
re(i)=input('Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:');
im(i)=input('Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:');
end
[re1,im1]=DITFFT(re,im,N);
subplot(3,2,1);
stem(0:N-1,re);
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('input real sequence');
subplot(3,2,2);
stem(0:N-1,im);
xlabel('time index n ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('input imaginary sequence');
subplot(3,2,5);
stem(0:N-1,re1);
xlabel('frequency ----- >');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

ylabel('amplitude');
title('output real sequence');
subplot(3,2,6);
stem(0:N-1,im1);
xlabel('frequency ----- >');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('output imaginary sequence');
disp(re1);
disp(im1);

DIT-FFT
Enter the length of the input sequence:8
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:2
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:3
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:2
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:2
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:2
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:3
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:2
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:1
Enter the real part of the time domain sequence:3
Enter the imaginary part of the time domain sequence:1
15.0000 0.7071 2.0000 0.1213 -3.0000 -0.7071 -2.0000 -4.1213
12.0000 5.5355 1.0000 0.7071 0 -1.5355 -1.0000 -0.7071
Elapsed time is 23.565254 seconds.

6. RESULT:

7. CONCLUSION:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Write the Block diagram of 8-Point DIT FFT & DIF DFFT radix 2 Algorithm?

2. Explain using convolution the effects of taking an FFT of a sample with no windowing

3. What’s the difference between FFT and DFT?

4. Why do we need Fourier transform in DSP?

5. What is "decimation-in-time" versus "decimation-in-frequency"?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 07 Date:

INVERSE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (IFFT)
AIM: Write a MATLAB program to perform N-point IFFT of a given sequence.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 .Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window\

4. PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
n=input('enter value of n=');
x=input('enter input sequence=');
a=1:1:n;
y=fft(x,n);
disp('fft of input sequence');
disp(y);
z=ifft(y);
disp('ifft of input sequence');
disp(z);
5. OUTPUT:
enter value of n=8
enter input sequence=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
fft of input sequence
Columns 1 through 6
36.0000 + 0.0000i -4.0000 + 9.6569i -4.0000 + 4.0000i -4.0000 + 1.6569i -4.0000 + 0.0000i -
4.0000 - 1.6569i
Columns 7 through 8
-4.0000 - 4.0000i -4.0000 - 9.6569i
ifft of input sequence
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.) What is the need of FFT?

2.) Write the Applications of FFT?

3.) FFT is in complex domain how to use it in real life signals optimally?

4.) What is the difference between FFT and IFFT?

5.) How many no. of Complex Multiplications and Additions are required to compute N-Point
DFT using FFT?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 08 Date:

DESIGN OF IIR BUTTERWORTH (LP/HP) FILTERS

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to design Butterworth IIR LP\HP filters.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
display('enter the iir filter design specifications');
rp=input('enter the pass band ripple:');
rs=input('enter the stop band ripple:');
wp=input('enter the pass band freq:');
ws=input('enter the stop band freq:');
fs=input('enter the sampling freq:');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
c=input('enter choice filter 1.lpf 2.hpf /n');
if(c==1)
display('frequency response of IIR lpf is:');
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'low');
end
if(c==2)
display('freq response of IIR hpf IS:');
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
end
w=0:0.01:pi;
h=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(w/pi,m);
title('mignitude response of IIR filter is:');
xlabel('(a)normalized frequency-->');
ylabel('gain in db-->');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(w/pi,an);
titel('phase response of IIR filter is;');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

xlabel('(b) normalized frequency-->');

ylabel('phase in radians-->');
INPUT:
enter the iir filter design specifications
enter the pass band ripple:2
enter the stop band ripple:20
enter the pass band freq:1000
enter the stop band freq:2000
enter the sampling freq:5000
enter choice filter 1.lpf 2.hpf /n
5. OUTPUT:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.) What do you mean by cut-off frequency?

2.) Give the differences between analog and digital filters?

3.) What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 filter structures?

4.) What is the role of delay element in filter design?

5.) List the Differences between Butterworth and chebyshev filters?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 09 Date:

DESIGN OF IIR CHEBYSHEV (LP/HP) FILTERS

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to design Chebyshev IIR LP\HP filters.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window
4. PROGRAM:
% Program for the design of Chebyshev Type-1 low-pass filter
clc;
close all;clear all;
format long
rp=input(„enter the passband ripple...‟);
rs=input(„enter the stopband ripple...‟);
wp=input(„enter the passband freq...‟);
ws=input(„enter the stopband freq...‟);
fs=input(„enter the sampling freq...‟);
w1=2*wp/fs;w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=cheb1ord(w1,w2,rp,rs,‟s‟);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn,‟s‟);
W=0:.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqs(b,a,w);
M=20*log10(abs(h));
An=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
ylabel(„Gain in dB --.‟);
xlabel(„(a) Normalised frequency --.‟);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
xlabel(„(b) Normalised frequency --.‟);
ylabel(„Phase in radians --.‟);
% Program for the design of Chebyshev Type-2 High pass analog filter
clc;
close all;clear all;
format long
rp=input('enter the passband ripple...');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple...');
wp=input('enter the passband freq...');
ws=input('enter the stopband freq...');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

fs=input('enter the sampling freq...');

w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=cheb2ord(w1,w2,rp,rs,'s');
[b,a]=cheby2(n,rs,wn,'high','s');
w=0:.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqs(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
ylabel('Gain in dB --.');
xlabel('(a) Normalised frequency --.');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
xlabel('(b) Normalised frequency --.');
ylabel('Phase in radians --.');
INPUT:
LPF
enter the passband ripple... 0.23
enter the stopband ripple... 47
enter the passband freq... 1300
enter the stopband freq... 1550
enter the sampling freq... 7800
HPF
enter the passband ripple... 0.34
enter the stopband ripple... 34
enter the passband freq... 1400
enter the stopband freq... 1600
enter the sampling freq... 10000
OUTPUT:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.) What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 filter structures?

2.)IIR Filters are non linear phase filters. Why?

3) IIR filters are not always stable. Why?

4.) Write the realization Techniques for IIR Filter?

5.) Compare all realization techniques vailable for IIR Filter?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 10 Date:

DESIGN OF FIR (LP/HP) USING WINDOWING TECHNIQUE

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to design FIR with Low pass filter and High Pass filter using any
three Windowing techniques.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version) PROCEDURE:

 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window
PROGRAM:

%FIR Low Pass/High pass filter design using Rectangular/Hamming/Kaiser window

clc; clear all; close all;
rp=input('enter passband ripple');
rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');
wp=input('enter passband freq');
ws=input('enter stopband freq');
fs=input('enter sampling freq ');
beta=input('enter beta value');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
dem=14.6*(ws-wp)/fs;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
if(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n; n=n-1;
end
c=input('enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular
2. Hamming 3.kaiser: \n ');
if(c==1)
y=rectwin(n1);
disp('Rectangular window filter response');
end
if (c==2)
y=hamming(n1);
disp('Hamming window filter response');
end
if(c==3)
y=kaiser(n1,beta);
disp('kaiser window filter response');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

end
ch=input('give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF');
switch ch
case 1
b=fir1(n,w1,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
plot(o/pi,m);
title('LPF');
xlabel('(a) Normalized frequency-->');
ylabel('Gain in dB-->');
case 2
b=fir1(n,w1,'high',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
plot(o/pi,m);
title('HPF');
xlabel('(b) Normalized frequency-->');
ylabel('Gain in dB-->');
end

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:
enter passband ripple 0.02
enter the stopband ripple
enter passband freq 1000
enter stopband freq 1500
enter sampling freq 10000
enter beta value 5
enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.Hamming 3.kaiser:1

Rectangular window filter response

give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
1:LPF

Low passfilter using Rectangular Window

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.

Hamming 3.kaiser:
2
Hamming window filter response
give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
1:LPF

Low pass FIR filter using Hamming window

enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.

Hamming 3.kaiser:
3
kaiser window filter response
give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
1:LPF

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Low pass FIR filter using Kaiser Window

FIR High pass Filter design

enter passband ripple

enter the stopband ripple
enter passband freq 1000
enter stopband freq 1500
enter sampling freq 10000
enter beta value 5
enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.
Hamming 3.kaiser:
1
Rectangular window filter response
give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
2:HPF

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

High pass FIR filter using Rectangular Window

enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.

Hamming 3.kaiser:
2
Hamming window filter response
give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
2:HPF

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

High pass FIR filter using Hamming Window

enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2.

Hamming 3.kaiser:
3
kaiser window filter response
give type of filter 1:LPF,2:HPF
2: HPF

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

High pass FIR filter using Kaiser Window

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is filter?

2. What is FIR and IIR filter define, and distinguish between these two?

3. What is window method? How you will design an FIR filter using window
method?

4. What are low-pass and band-pass filter and what is the difference
between these two?

5. What is the matlab command for Hamming window? Explain.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 11 Date:

A.GENERATION OF FIR LOW PASS/HIGH PASS FILTER COEFFICIENTS

AIM: -
To generate FIR filter (LP/HP) coefficients using windowing techniques
 Using Rectangular Window
 Using Triangular Window
 Using Keiser Window

APPARATUS REQUIRED: -

 PC and MATLAB Software (2019b 9.7version)

THEORY: -

Steps to design linear phase FIR filter using windowing methods:

1. Clearly specify the filter specifications

a. Order of filter (N)
b. Sampling Rate (Fs)
c. Cutoff frequency (fc)
2. Compute the Cutoff frequency (c)
1. c=2*fc/Fs
3. Compute the desired impulse response h(n) using particular window.
 Lowpass Filter with Cutoff frequency(c): -
 Coefficients of linear phase filter

hd(n)= c/ for n=

= sin(c(n-))/((n-)) for n
Where =(N-1)/2.
 Window Sequence
a. For Rectagular Window

W(n)=1 for 0n(N-1)

=0 otherwise
b. For Triangular Window
W(n)=2n/(N-1) for 0n(N-1)/2
=2-{2n/(N-1) for (N-1)/2n(N-1)
c. For Keiser Window
W(n)=I0 [((N-1)2/4-[n-(N-1)/2]2)1/2]/I0[(N-1)/2] for 0n(N-1)
=0 otherwise
where  is the variable parameter whose choice control the tradeoff
between side lobe amplitude and side lobe width.
4<[(N-1)/2]<9

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

The Impulse Response

h(n)=hd(n)*w(n)
 Highpass Filter with Cutoff frequency(c): -
 Coefficients of linear phase filter

hd(n)= 1-c/ for n=

= (1/((n-))) [sin((n-))-sin(c(n-))] for n
Where =(N-1)/2.
 Window Sequence
d. For Rectagular Window

W(n)=1 for 0n(N-1)/2

=0 otherwise
e. For Triangular Window
W(n)=2n/(N-1) for 0n(N-1)/2
=2-{2n/(N-1) for (N-1)/2n(N-1)
f. For Keiser Window
W(n)=I0 [((N-1)2/4-[n-(N-1)/2]2)1/2]/I0[(N-1)/2] for 0n(N-1)
=0 otherwise
where  is the variable parameter whose choice control the tradeoff
between side lobe amplitude and side lobe width.
4<[(N-1)/2]<9

The Impulse Response

h(n)=hd(n)*w(n)
4. Convolve input sequence with truncated impulse response
x(n)*h(n).

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM: -

MATLAB Program to generate ‘FIR Filter-Low Pass’ Coefficients using FIR1

% FIR Low pass filters using rectangular, triangular and kaiser windows

% sampling rate - 8000

order = 30;

cf=[500/4000,1000/4000,1500/4000]; cf--> contains set of cut-off frequencies[Wc ]

% cutoff frequency - 500

b_rect1=fir1(order,cf(1),boxcar(31)); Rectangular

b_tri1=fir1(order,cf(1),bartlett(31)); Triangular

b_kai1=fir1(order,cf(1),kaiser(31,8)); Kaisar [Where 8-->Beta Co-efficient]

% cutoff frequency - 1000

b_rect2=fir1(order,cf(2),boxcar(31));

b_tri2=fir1(order,cf(2),bartlett(31));

b_kai2=fir1(order,cf(2),kaiser(31,8));

% cutoff frequency - 1500

b_rect3=fir1(order,cf(3),boxcar(31));

b_tri3=fir1(order,cf(3),bartlett(31));

b_kai3=fir1(order,cf(3),kaiser(31,8));

fid=fopen('FIR_lowpass_rectangular.txt','wt');

fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -400Hz');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect1[31]={');

fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect1);

fseek(fid,-1,0);

fprintf(fid,'};');

fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\n');

fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -800Hz');

fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect2[31]={');

fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect2);

fseek(fid,-1,0);

fprintf(fid,'};');

fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\n');

fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -1200Hz');

fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect3[31]={');

fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect3);

fseek(fid,-1,0);

fprintf(fid,'};');

fclose(fid);

winopen('FIR_highpass_rectangular.txt');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MATLAB Program to generate ‘FIR Filter-High Pass’ Coefficients using FIR1

% FIR High pass filters using rectangular, triangular and kaiser windows

% sampling rate - 8000

order = 30;

cf=[400/4000,800/4000,1200/4000]; ;cf--> contains set of cut-off

frequencies[Wc]

% cutoff frequency - 400

b_rect1=fir1(order,cf(1),'high',boxcar(31));
b_tri1=fir1(order,cf(1),'high',bartlett(31));
b_kai1=fir1(order,cf(1),'high',kaiser(31,8)); Where Kaiser(31,8)--> '8'defines the value of
'beta'.

% cutoff frequency - 800

b_rect2=fir1(order,cf(2),'high',boxcar(31));
b_tri2=fir1(order,cf(2),'high',bartlett(31));
b_kai2=fir1(order,cf(2),'high',kaiser(31,8));

% cutoff frequency - 1200

b_rect3=fir1(order,cf(3),'high',boxcar(31));
b_tri3=fir1(order,cf(3),'high',bartlett(31));
b_kai3=fir1(order,cf(3),'high',kaiser(31,8));

fid=fopen('FIR_highpass_rectangular.txt','wt');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -400Hz');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect1[31]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect1);
fseek(fid,-1,0);
fprintf(fid,'};');

fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\n');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -800Hz');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect2[31]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect2);
fseek(fid,-1,0);
fprintf(fid,'};');

fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\n');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t\t\t\t\t%s\n','Cutoff -1200Hz');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat b_rect3[31]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n',b_rect3);
fseek(fid,-1,0);
fprintf(fid,'};');

fclose(fid);
winopen('FIR_highpass_rectangular.txt');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

T.1 : Matlab generated Coefficients for FIR Low Pass Kaiser filter:
Cutoff -500Hz
float b_kai1[31]={-0.000019,-0.000170,-0.000609,-0.001451,-0.002593,-0.003511,-
0.003150,0.000000,0.007551,0.020655,0.039383,0.062306,0.086494,0.108031,0.122944,
0.128279,0.122944,0.108031,0.086494,0.062306,0.039383,0.020655,0.007551,0.000000,
-0.003150,-0.003511,-0.002593,-0.001451,-0.000609,-0.000170,-0.000019};

Cutoff -1000Hz
float b_kai2[31]={-0.000035,-0.000234,-0.000454,0.000000,0.001933,0.004838,0.005671,
-0.000000,-0.013596,-0.028462,-0.029370,0.000000,0.064504,0.148863,0.221349,0.249983,
0.221349,0.148863,0.064504,0.000000,-0.029370,-0.028462,-0.013596,-0.000000,0.005671,
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN FIR FILTER :
0.004838,0.001933,0.000000,-0.000454,-0.000234, -0.000035};

ALGORITHM
Cutoff -1500Hz TO IMPLEMENT :
float b_kai3[31]={-0.000046,-0.000166,0.000246,0.001414,0.001046,-0.003421,-0.007410,
We need to realize an advance FIR filter by implementing its difference equation as per the
0.000000,0.017764,0.020126,-0.015895,-0.060710,-0.034909,0.105263,0.289209,0.374978,
specifications. A direct form I implementation approach is taken. (The filter coefficients are
0.289209,0.105263,-0.034909,-0.060710,-0.015895,0.020126,0.017764,0.000000,-0.007410,
taken as ai as generated by the Matlab program.)
-0.003421,0.001046,0.001414,0.000246,-0.000166, -0.000046};


T.2 :Matlab generated Coefficients for FIR Low Pass Rectangular filter

Cutoff -500Hz
float b_rect1[31]={-0.008982,-0.017782,-0.025020,-0.029339,-0.029569,-0.024895,
-0.014970,0.000000,0.019247,0.041491,0.065053,0.088016,0.108421,0.124473,0.134729,
0.138255,0.134729,0.124473,0.108421,0.088016,0.065053,0.041491,0.019247,0.000000,
-0.014970,-0.024895,-0.029569,-0.029339,-0.025020,-0.017782,-0.008982};

Cutoff -1000Hz
float b_rect2[31]={-0.015752,-0.023869,-0.018176,0.000000,0.021481,0.033416,0.026254,-
0.000000,-0.033755,-0.055693,-0.047257,0.000000,0.078762,0.167080,0.236286,0.262448,
0.236286,0.167080,0.078762,0.000000,-0.047257,-0.055693,-0.033755,-0.000000,0.026254,
0.033416,0.021481,0.000000,-0.018176,-0.023869,-0.015752};

Cutoff -1500Hz
float b_rect2[31]={-0.020203,-0.016567,0.009656,0.027335,0.011411,-0.023194,-0.033672,
0.000000,0.043293,0.038657,-0.025105,-0.082004,-0.041842,0.115971,0.303048,0.386435,
0.303048,0.115971,-0.041842,-0.082004,-0.025105,0.038657,0.043293,0.000000,-0.033672,
-0.023194,0.011411,0.027335,0.009656,-0.016567,-0.020203};
FLOWCHART FOR FIR :

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

T.3 : Matlab generated Coefficients for FIR Low Pass Triangular filter

Cutoff -500Hz
float b_tri1[31]={0.000000,-0.001185,-0.003336,-0.005868,-0.007885,-0.008298,-0.005988,
0.000000,0.010265,0.024895,0.043368,0.064545,0.086737,0.107877,0.125747,0.138255,
0.125747,0.107877,0.086737,0.064545,0.043368,0.024895,0.010265,0.000000,-0.005988,
-0.008298,-0.007885,-0.005868,-0.003336,-0.001185,0.000000};

Cutoff -1000Hz
float b_tri2[31]={0.000000,-0.001591,-0.002423,0.000000,0.005728,0.011139,0.010502,
-0.000000,-0.018003,-0.033416,-0.031505,0.000000,0.063010,0.144802,0.220534,0.262448,
0.220534,0.144802,0.063010,0.000000,-0.031505,-0.033416,-0.018003,-0.000000,0.010502,
0.011139,0.005728,0.000000,-0.002423,-0.001591,0.000000};

Cutoff -1500Hz
float b_tri3[31]={0.000000,-0.001104,0.001287,0.005467,0.003043,-0.007731,-0.013469,
0.000000,0.023089,0.023194,-0.016737,-0.060136,-0.033474,0.100508,0.282844,0.386435,
0.282844,0.100508,-0.033474,-0.060136,-0.016737,0.023194,0.023089,0.000000,-0.013469,
-0.007731,0.003043,0.005467,0.001287,-0.001104,0.000000};

T.1 : MATLAB generated Coefficients for FIR High Pass Kaiser filter:

Cutoff -400Hz
float b_kai1[31]={0.000050,0.000223,0.000520,0.000831,0.000845,-0.000000,-0.002478,
-0.007437,-0.015556,-0.027071,-0.041538,-0.057742,-0.073805,-0.087505,-0.096739,
0.899998,-0.096739,-0.087505,-0.073805,-0.057742,-0.041538,-0.027071,-0.015556,
-0.007437,-0.002478,-0.000000,0.000845,0.000831,0.000520,0.000223,0.000050};

Cutoff -800Hz
float b_kai2[31]={0.000000,-0.000138,-0.000611,-0.001345,-0.001607,-0.000000,0.004714,
0.012033,0.018287,0.016731,0.000000,-0.035687,-0.086763,-0.141588,-0.184011,0.800005,
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN FIR FILTER :
-0.184011,-0.141588,-0.086763,-0.035687,0.000000,0.016731,0.018287,0.012033,0.004714,
-0.000000,-0.001607,-0.001345,-0.000611,-0.000138,0.000000};
ALGORITHM TO IMPLEMENT :
Cutoff -1200Hz
We need
float to realize an advance FIR filter by implementing its difference equation as per the
b_kai3[31]={-0.000050,-0.000138,0.000198,0.001345,0.002212,-0.000000,-0.006489,
specifications. A direct form I implementation approach is taken. (The filter coefficients are
-0.012033,-0.005942,0.016731,0.041539,0.035687,-0.028191,-0.141589,-0.253270,0.700008,
taken as ai as generated by the Matlab program.)
-0.253270,-0.141589,-0.028191,0.035687,0.041539,0.016731,-0.005942,-0.012033,-0.006489,
-0.000000,0.002212,0.001345,0.000198,-0.000138,-0.000050};



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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

T.2 :MATLAB generated Coefficients for FIR High pass Rectangular filter

Cutoff -400Hz
float b_rect1[31]={0.021665,0.022076,0.020224,0.015918,0.009129,-0.000000,-0.011158,
-0.023877,-0.037558,-0.051511,-0.064994,-0.077266,-0.087636,-0.095507,-.100422,0.918834,
-0.100422,-0.095507,-0.087636,-0.077266,-0.064994,-0.051511,-0.037558,-0.023877,
-0.011158,-0.000000,0.009129,0.015918,0.020224,0.022076,0.021665};

Cutoff -800Hz
float b_rect2[31]={0.000000,-0.013457,-0.023448,-0.025402,-0.017127,-0.000000,0.020933,
0.038103,0.043547,0.031399,0.000000,-0.047098,-0.101609,-0.152414,-0.188394,0.805541,
-0.188394,-0.152414,-0.101609,-0.047098,0.000000,0.031399,0.043547,0.038103,0.020933,
-0.000000,-0.017127,-0.025402,-0.023448,-0.013457,0.000000};

Cutoff -1200Hz
float b_rect3[31]={-0.020798,-0.013098,0.007416,0.024725,0.022944,-0.000000,-0.028043,
-0.037087,-0.013772,0.030562,0.062393,0.045842,-0.032134,-0.148349,-0.252386,0.686050,
-0.252386,-0.148349,-0.032134,0.045842,0.062393,0.030562,-0.013772,-0.037087,-0.028043,
-0.000000,0.022944,0.024725,0.007416,-0.013098,-0.020798};

T.3 : MATLAB generated Coefficients for FIR High Pass Triangular filter

Cutoff -400Hz
float b_tri1[31]={0.000000,0.001445,0.002648,0.003127,0.002391,-0.000000,-0.004383,
-0.010943,-0.019672,-0.030353,-0.042554,-0.055647,-0.068853,-0.081290,-0.092048,
0.902380,-0.092048,-0.081290,-0.068853,-0.055647,-0.042554,-0.030353,-0.019672,
-0.010943,-0.004383,-0.000000,0.002391,0.003127,0.002648,0.001445,0.000000};

Cutoff -800Hz
float b_tri2[31]={0.000000,-0.000897,-0.003126,-0.005080,-0.004567,-0.000000,0.008373,
0.017782,0.023225,0.018839,0.000000,-0.034539,-0.081287,-0.132092,-0.175834,0.805541,
-0.175834,-0.132092,-0.081287,-0.034539,0.000000,0.018839,0.023225,0.017782,0.008373,
-0.000000,-0.004567,-0.005080,-0.003126,-0.000897,0.000000};

Cutoff -1200Hz
float b_tri3[31]={0.000000,-0.000901,0.001021,0.005105,0.006317,-0.000000,-0.011581,
-0.017868,-0.007583,0.018931,0.042944,0.034707,-0.026541,-0.132736,-0.243196,0.708287,
-0.243196,-0.132736,-0.026541,0.034707,0.042944,0.018931,-0.007583,-0.017868,-0.011581,
-0.000000,0.006317,0.005105,0.001021,-0.000901,0.000000};

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

5. MODEL GRAPHS:-

MATLAB GENERATED FREQUENCY RESPONSE

High Pass FIR filter(Fc= 800Hz).

Low Pass FIR filter (Fc=1000Hz)

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT: -

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are windowing techniques in FIR filters?

2. Which window is best for FIR filter?

3.Which technique is not used in design os FIR FILETR?

4. Why FIR filters are always stable?

5.Why windows are necessary in FIR filters

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 11 Date:

B.GENERATION OF IIR BUTTERWORTH/CHEBYSHEV FILTER COEFFICIENTS

AIM: -To generate IIR filter Butterworth/Chebyshev coefficients

APPARATUS REQUIRED: -

MATLAB and PC

PROGRAM: -

% IIR Low pass Butterworth and Chebyshev filters

% sampling rate - 24000

order = 2;
cf=[2500/12000,8000/12000,1600/12000];

% cutoff frequency - 2500

[num_bw1,den_bw1]=butter(order,cf(1));
[num_cb1,den_cb1]=cheby1(order,3,cf(1));

% cutoff frequency - 8000

[num_bw2,den_bw2]=butter(order,cf(2));
[num_cb2,den_cb2]=cheby1(order,3,cf(2));

fid=fopen('IIR_LP_BW.txt','wt');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Pass band range: 0-2500Hz --------- \n');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Magnitude response: Monotonic ---- \n\n\');
fprintf(fid,'\n float num_bw1[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',num_bw1);
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat den_bw1[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',den_bw1);

fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\t\t-----------Pass band range: 0-8000Hz --------- \n');

fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Magnitude response: Monotonic ---- \n\n');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat num_bw2[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',num_bw2);
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat den_bw2[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',den_bw2);

fclose(fid);
winopen('IIR_LP_BW.txt');

fid=fopen('IIR_LP_CHEB Type1.txt','wt');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Pass band range: 2500Hz --------- \n');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Magnitude response: Rippled (3dB) ----- \n\n\');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat num_cb1[9]={');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',num_cb1);
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat den_cb1[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',den_cb1);
fprintf(fid,'\n\n\n\t\t-----------Pass band range: 8000Hz ----------\n');
fprintf(fid,'\t\t-----------Magnitude response: Rippled (3dB) ---- \n\n');
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat num_cb2[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',num_cb2);
fprintf(fid,'\nfloat den_cb2[9]={');
fprintf(fid,'%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,\n%f,%f,%f,%f};\n',den_cb2);
fclose(fid);
winopen('IIR_LP_CHEB Type1.txt');

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
figure(1);
[h,w]=freqz(num_bw1,den_bw1);
w=(w/max(w))*12000;
plot(w,20*log10(abs(h)),'linewidth',2)
hold on
[h,w]=freqz(num_cb1,den_cb1);
w=(w/max(w))*12000;
plot(w,20*log10(abs(h)),'linewidth',2,'color','r')
grid on
legend('Butterworth','Chebyshev Type-1');
xlabel('Frequency in Hertz');
ylabel('Magnitude in Decibels');
title('Magnitude response of Low pass IIR filters (Fc=2500Hz)');
figure(2);
[h,w]=freqz(num_bw2,den_bw2);
w=(w/max(w))*12000;
plot(w,20*log10(abs(h)),'linewidth',2)
hold on
[h,w]=freqz(num_cb2,den_cb2);
w=(w/max(w))*12000;
plot(w,20*log10(abs(h)),'linewidth',2,'color','r')
grid on
legend('Butterworth','Chebyshev Type-1 (Ripple: 3dB)');
xlabel('Frequency in Hertz');
ylabel('Magnitude in Decibels');
title('Magnitude response in the passband');
axis([0 12000 -20 20]);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

IIR_CHEB_LP FILTER CO-EFFICIENTS:

Co- Fc=2500Hz Fc=800Hz Fc=8000Hz

Effi Floating Fixed Floating Fixed Floating Fixed
cie Point Values Point Point Point Point Point
nts Values Values Values Values Values
(Q15) (Q15) (Q15)
B0 0.044408 1455 0.005147 168 0.354544 11617
B1 0.088815 1455[B1/2] 0.010295 168[B1/2] 0.709088 11617
[B1/2]
B2 0.044408 1455 0.005147 168 0.354544 11617
A0 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767
A1 - -23140 -1.844881 -30225 0.530009 8683[A1/2]
1.412427 [A1/2] [A1/2]
A2 0.663336 21735 0.873965 28637 0.473218 15506

Note: We have Multiplied Floating Point Values with 32767(215) to get Fixed Point
Values.

IIR_BUTTERWORTH_LP FILTER CO-EFFICIENTS:

Co- Fc=2500Hz Fc=800Hz Fc=8000Hz

Effi Floating Fixed Floating Fixed Floating Fixed
cie Point Values Point Point Point Point Point
nts Values Values Values Values Values
(Q15) (Q15) (Q15)
B0 0.072231 2366 0.009526 312 0.465153 15241
B1 0.144462 2366[B1/2] 0.019052 312[B1/2]0.930306 15241
[B1/2]
B2 0.072231 2366 0.009526 312 0.465153 15241
A0 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767
A1 - -18179 -1.705552, -27943 0.620204 10161
1.109229 [A1/2] [A1/2] [A1/2]
A2 0.398152 13046 0.743655 24367 0.240408 7877
15
Note: We have Multiplied Floating Point Values with 32767(2 ) to get Fixed Point
Values.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

IIR_CHEB_HP FILTER CO-EFFICIENTS:

Co- Fc=2500Hz Fc=4000Hz Fc=7000Hz

Effi Floating Fixed Point Floating Fixed Floating Fixed Point
cien Point Values Values Point Values Point Point Values
ts (Q15) Values Values (Q15)
(Q15)
B0 0.388513 12730 0.282850 9268 0.117279 3842
B1 -0.777027 - -0.565700 - -0.234557 -3842[B1/2]
12730[B1/2] 9268[B1/2]
B2 0.388513 12730 0.282850 9268 0.117279 3842
A0 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767
A1 -1.118450 - -0.451410 - 0.754476 12360[A1/2]
18324[A1/2] 7395[A1/2]
A2 0.645091 21137 0.560534 18367 0.588691 19289
15
Note: We have Multiplied Floating Point Values with 32767(2 ) to get Fixed Point
Values.

IIR_BUTTERWORTH_HP FILTER CO-EFFICIENTS:

Co- Fc=2500Hz Fc=4000Hz Fc=7000Hz

Effi Floating Fixed Point Floating Fixed Floating Fixed Point
cien Point Values Values Point Values Point Point Values
ts (Q15) Values Values (Q15)
(Q15)
B0 0.626845 20539 0.465153 15241 0.220195 7215
B1 -1.253691 -20539 -0.930306 -15241 -0.440389 -7215
[B1/2] [B1/2] [B1/2]
B2 0.626845 20539 0.465153 15241 0.220195 7215
A0 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767 1.000000 32767
A1 -1.109229 -18173 -0.620204 -10161 0.307566 5039
[A1/2] [A1/2] [A1/2]
A2 0.398152 13046 0.240408 7877 0.188345 6171

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT: -

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is bilinear transformation in IIIR filter design?

2. Which method is not suitable for designing IIR filters?

3. What are the steps involved to design digital filter using bilinear transformations?

4. What are the limitations of impulse invariance method

5. What are the differences between IIR and FIR filters

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 12 Date:

DECIMATION AND INTERPOLATION

AIM: To write a MATLAB program to decimation and interpolation of a give sequence

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB software

PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

PROGRAM DECIMATION:

clc;
close all;
clear all;
M = input('enter Down-sampling factor : ');
N = input('enter number of samples :');
n = 0:N-1;
x = sin(2*pi*0.043*n) + sin(2*pi*0.031*n);
y = decimate(x,M,'fir');
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(n,x(1:N));
title('Input Sequence');
xlabel('Time index n');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(2,1,2);
m = 0:(N/M)-1
title('Output Sequence');
xlabel('Time index n');ylabel('Amplitude');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

INPUT:
enter Down-sampling factor : 3
enter number of samples :100

OUTPUT

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM INTERPOLATION

clc;
clear all;
close all;
L=input('enter the upsampling factor');
N=input('enter the length of the input signal'); % Length should be greater
than 8
f1=input('enter the frequency of first sinusodal');
f2=input('enter the frequency of second sinusodal');
n=0:N-1;
x=sin(2*pi*f1*n)+sin(2*pi*f2*n);
y=interp(x,L);
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(n,x(1:N))
title('input sequence');
xlabel('time(n)');
ylabel('amplitude');
subplot(2,1,2)
m=0:N*L-1;
stem(m,y(1:N*L))
title('output sequence ');
xlabel('time(n)');
ylabel('amplitude');

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

INPUT:

enter the upsampling factor = 5

enter the length of the input signal = 9
enter the frequency of first sinusoidal = 0.1
enter the frequency of second sinusoidal = 0.3

Output Waveforms:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT: -

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Explain about multi rate digital signal processing.

2. List the Applications of multi rate digital signal processing.

3. Define interpolation.

4. Define decimation.

5. Define aliasing.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

HARDWARE EXPERIMENTS
(USING DSP PROCESSOR)

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No:01 Date:

LINEAR AND CIRCULAR CONVOLUTIONS

AIM: To write a C- program to find linear convolution and circular convolution of given
sequences.

Procedure to Work on Code Composer Studio

To create the New Project

Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default location)
Select project type→ Executable
Device Family→C6000
Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
Click on Empty Project then Finish
To create a Source file
File →New→ Source file (Save & give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
Debug the Program after loading is done
Run the Program and verify the output

PROGRAM LINEAR CONVOLUTION:

#include<stdio.h>
#define LENGHT1 6 /*Lenght of i/p samples sequence*/
#define LENGHT2 4 /*Lenght of impulse response Co-efficients */
int x[2*LENGHT1-1]={1,2,3,4,5,6,0,0,0,0,0}; /*Input Signal Samples*/
int h[2*LENGHT1-1]={1,2,3,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; /*Impulse Response Co-efficients*/
int y[LENGHT1+LENGHT2-1];
void main()
{
int i=0,j;
for(i=0;i<(LENGHT1+LENGHT2-1);i++)
{
y[i]=0;
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
y[i]+=x[j]*h[i-j];
}
printf("\nLinear convolution values are as follows:\n");
for(i=0;i<(LENGHT1+LENGHT2-1);i++)
printf("%d\t",y[i]);
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:

 In this program x[n]={1,2,3,4,5,6}, & h[n]={1,2,3,4}.

 So output of linear convolution is y[k]={1,4,10,20,30,40,43,38,24};

 To view output graphically,

Tools graph single time.
Graph setting & graph as follows

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION

#include<stdio.h>
int m,n,x[30],h[30],y[30],i,j,temp[30],k,x2[30],a[30];

void main()
{
printf(" enter the length of the first sequence\n");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf(" enter the length of the second sequence\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf(" enter the first sequence\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
printf(" enter the second sequence\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&h[j]);
if(m-n!=0) /*If length of both sequences are not equal*/
{
if(m>n) /* Pad the smaller sequence with zero*/
{
for(i=n;i<m;i++)
h[i]=0;
n=m;
}
for(i=m;i<n;i++)
x[i]=0;
m=n;
}
y[0]=0;
a[0]=h[0];
for(j=1;j<n;j++) /*folding h(n) to h(-n)*/
a[j]=h[n-j];
/*Circular convolution*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
y[0]+=x[i]*a[i];
for(k=1;k<n;k++)
{
y[k]=0;
/*circular shift*/
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
x2[j]=a[j-1];
x2[0]=a[n-1];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=x2[i];
y[k]+=x[i]*x2[i];
}
}
/*displaying the result*/
printf(" the circular convolution is\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d \t",y[i]);
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT

In this program x[4]={3,2,1,0}, & h[4]={1,1.0.0} as you enter.

So output of circular convolution is y[k]={3,5,3,1};

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTION:

1. Explain the significance of convolution.

2. Define linear convolution.

3. Why linear convolution is called as a periodic convolution?

4. Why zero padding is used in linear convolution?

5. What are the four steps to find linear convolution?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 02 Date:

AUTO-CORRELATION & CROSS-CORRELATION

AIM: Auto correlation and Cross-correlation of a given sequence and verification of its
properties

APPARATUS REQUIRED

 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO(CCS)V5

 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT

PROCEDURE
1. To create the New Project
2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
3. location)
4. Select project type→ Executable
5. Device Family→C6000
6. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
7. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
8. Click on Empty Project then Finish
9. To create a Source file
10. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
11. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
12. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
13. Debug the Program after loading is done
14. Run the Program and verify the output
15. Program asks for values of x[N], you have to enter values as 1st real & 2nd imaginary
for all N no of values.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM AUTO-CORRELATION:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.14
#define PTS 512

void delay1();
void sinewave(float fm1, float fc1, int no, int result);

float x[PTS]; //INPUT ARRAY

float y[PTS];
float z[PTS];//OUTPUT ARRAY

void main()
{

int i,j;
for (i = 0 ; i < PTS ; i++)
{
sinewave(100, 8000, i, 0);
//x[i] = sin(2 * PI * 100 * i / 8000.0);
y[i]=0.0;
}

for(i=0 ; i< PTS ; i++)

{
for(j = 1 ; j < (PTS-i+1) ;j++)
{
y[i]=y[i]+x[j]*x[j+i-1];
}
z[i]=y[i]/(PTS);
//printf("\n%f",z[i]);

void sinewave(float fm1, float fc1, int no, int result)

{

float m;
float n;

delay1();
delay1();
m = 6.28 * fm1 * no;
delay1();
delay1();
n = (m / fc1);
delay1();
delay1();
if(result == 0)
{
delay1();

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

x[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
delay1();
delay1();

void delay1()
{
int y=150;
while(y!=0)
y--;

OUTPUT
1. For auto correlation
 We generated samplesine wave as a input named as x.
 Final output of auto correlation named as z.
 To view input / output graphically,
Select Tool graph Dual time

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Graph of Input sine wave named as X

Graph of Auto correlation named as Z

PROGRAM CROSS-CORRELATION

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#define PI 3.14
#define PTS 128

void delay1();
void sinewave(float fm1, float fc1, int no, int result);

float x[PTS];
float y[PTS];
float z[PTS];
float n[PTS];

void main()
{

int i,j;
float xx;
for (i = 0 ; i < PTS ; i++)
{
sinewave(20, 128, i, 0);
//x[i] = sin(2*PI*i*20/128.0);
y[i]=0.0;
n[i]=x[i] + rand() * 10 ;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

for(i=0;i< PTS ;i++)

{
for(j = 1 ; j < (PTS-i+1) ;j++)
{
xx = (x[j]*n[j+i-1]);
y[i]=(y[i]+xx);
}
z[i]=y[i]/(PTS);
//delay1();
//delay1();
//printf("\n%f",z[i]);
//delay1();
//delay1();

void sinewave(float fm1, float fc1, int no, int result)

{

float m;
float n;

delay1();
delay1();
m = 6.28 * fm1 * no;
delay1();
delay1();
n = (m / fc1);
delay1();
delay1();
if(result == 0)
{
delay1();
x[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
delay1();
delay1();

void delay1()
{
int y=150000;
while(y!=0)
y--;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT
 We generated sample sine wave as a input named as x.
 Then generate noise signal using random function and added with original signal,
that
is denoted as n
 Cross-correlation output saved in z variable.
 To view input graphically,
Select Tool graph Dual time
Graph setting &Graph

Sample sine wave named as X

Sample noise signal as n.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

To view cross correlation graphically,

Select Tool graph  single time

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTION

1. Write mathematical formula to find auto correlation?

2. Define auto correlation?

3. Define cross correlation?

4. Difference between Auto correlation and convolution?

5. Difference between Auto correlation and cross correlation?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 03 Date:

DFT OF A SIGNAL
AIM: - To compute the N (=4/8/16) point DFT of the given sequence.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO(CCS)V5

 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT

PROCEDURE
16. To create the New Project
17. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
18. location)
19. Select project type→ Executable
20. Device Family→C6000
21. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
22. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
23. Click on Empty Project then Finish
24. To create a Source file
25. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
26. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
27. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
28. Debug the Program after loading is done
29. Run the Program and verify the output
30. Program asks for values of x[N], you have to enter values as 1st real & 2nd imaginary
for all N no of values.

Eg. x[N]={1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j}.
It enter in program as → 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM DFT:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define pi 3.14

typedef struct {
float real;
float img;
}com;

void main()
{
com x[50],y[50],temp[50];
int pofd=0,i,k,n;
float WN,c,s,WK;
for(i=0;i<50;i++) /*make output array value to 0.0*/
{
y[i].real=0.0;
y[i].img=0.0;
}

printf("\nEnter the no of points of dft:");

scanf("%d",&pofd);
printf("\nEnter the function variables of f(n) to calculate DFT in the
complex form (e.g. 3+j4 enter as a 3 4)");
for(i=0;i<pofd;i++)
{
//scanf("%f%f",&x[i].real,&x[i].img);
scanf("%f",&x[i].real);
scanf("%f",&x[i].img);
}
WN=(2*pi)/pofd;
for(k=0;k<pofd;k++)
{
temp[k].real=0.0;
temp[k].img=0.0;

WK=k*WN;
for(n=0;n<pofd;n++) /*DFT calculation*/
{
c=cos(WK*n);
s=sin(WK*n);
temp[k].real=temp[k].real+(x[n].real*c)+(x[n].img*s);
temp[k].img=temp[k].img+(x[n].img*c)-(x[n].real*s);
}

y[k].real=1/sqrt(pofd)*temp[k].real;
y[k].img=1/sqrt(pofd)*temp[k].img;

}
printf("\nDFT OF GIVEN SIGNAL:-\n"); /*Display values of F[k]*/
for(i=0;i<pofd;i++)
{
printf("\nF(%d)=(%0.1f)+j(%0.1f)\n",i,y[i].real,y[i].img);
}
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:
DFT:
 Input x[n]= {1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j}.
 Output X[K]={2.8+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0,
0.0+j0.0,0.0+j0.0}.

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Define DFT of a discrete time sequence?

2. Define inverse DFT.

3. What is the relation between DTFT and DFT?

4. What is the drawback in Fourier transform and how is it overcome?

5. List any four properties of DFT.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 04 Date:

DFT (N- POINTS)USING DIT-FFT ALGORITHM

AIM: : To write a C-program to find DFT N-points using DIT-FFT of a given sequence.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO

 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT
PROCEDURE
1. To create the New Project
2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
3. location)
4. Select project type→ Executable
5. Device Family→C6000
6. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
7. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
8. Click on Empty Project then Finish
9. To create a Source file
10. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
11. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
12. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
13. Debug the Program after loading is done
14. Run the Program and verify the output
15. Program ask for values of x[N], you have to enter values as 1st real & 2nd imaginary
for all N no of values.
16. Eg. x[N]={1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j,1+0j}.
17. It enter in program as  1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
//#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.14

typedef struct
{
float real,imag;
}com;
void main()
{
com xx[8],x[8],temp[8],temp1[8],y[8],a[8],b[8],w[4];
int i,j=0;//loop counter variables
// printf("Enter the no of pionts of FFT==");
// scanf("%d", &PTS);
printf("\nEnter values==");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
scanf("%f",&xx[i].real);
scanf("%f",&xx[i].imag);
}
j=0;
for(i=0;i<8;i=i+2)
{
x[j].real=xx[i].real;
x[j].imag=xx[i].imag;
x[j+1].real=xx[i+4].real;
x[j+1].imag=xx[i+4].imag;
if(i==2)
i=-1;
j=j+2;
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
w[i].real=cos(2*PI*i/8);
w[i].imag=-sin(2*PI*i/8);
}

for(i=0;i<8;i=i+2)
{
temp[i].real=x[i].real+x[i+1].real;
temp[i].imag=x[i].imag+x[i+1].imag;
temp[i+1].real=x[i].real-x[i+1].real;
temp[i+1].imag=x[i].imag-x[i+1].imag;
}
for(i=2;i<8;i=3*i)
{
a[i].real=temp[i].real*w[0].real-temp[i].imag*w[0].imag;
a[i].imag=temp[i].real*w[0].imag+temp[i].imag*w[0].real;
a[i+1].real=temp[i+1].real*w[2].real-temp[i+1].imag*w[2].imag;
a[i+1].imag=temp[i+1].real*w[2].imag+temp[i+1].imag*w[2].real;
temp[i].real=a[i].real;
temp[i].imag=a[i].imag;
temp[i+1].real=a[i+1].real;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

temp[i+1].imag=a[i+1].imag;

}
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
{
temp1[i].real=temp[i].real+temp[i+2].real;
temp1[i].imag=temp[i].imag+temp[i+2].imag;
temp1[i+2].real=temp[i].real-temp[i+2].real;
temp1[i+2].imag=temp[i].imag-temp[i+2].imag;
if(i==1)
i=3;
}
for(i=4;i<8;i++)
{
b[i].real=temp1[i].real*w[i-4].real-temp1[i].imag*w[i-4].imag;
b[i].imag=temp1[i].real*w[i-4].imag+temp1[i].imag*w[i-4].real;
temp1[i].real=b[i].real;
temp1[i].imag=b[i].imag;
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
y[i].real=temp1[i].real+temp1[i+4].real;
y[i].imag=temp1[i].imag+temp1[i+4].imag;
y[i+4].real=temp1[i].real-temp1[i+4].real;
y[i+4].imag=temp1[i].imag-temp1[i+4].imag;
}
printf("\nDFT values==\n");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf("\nF(%d)=(%0.1f)+j(%0.1f)\n",i,y[i].real,y[i].imag);
}
}

OUTPUT
 Input x[n]= {1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j}; for both DIT & DIF –FFT
algorithm.
 Output X[K]={8+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0,
0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0}; for both DIT & DIF-FFT algorithm.
Result of DFT using DIT-FFT method

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What is FFT, What it's importance?

2. Compare FFT and DFT?

3. What are the various algorithms to calculate FFT?

4. Draw the DIT FFT structure with the length of 8?

5. Draw the DIF FFT structure with the length of 8?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 05 Date:

N POINT IFFT ALGORITHM

AIM: To write a C-program to compute IFFT N-point of a given signal using DIT- FFT
APPARATUS REQUIRED
 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO
 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT
PROCEDURE
18. To create the New Project
19. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
20. location)
21. Select project type→ Executable
22. Device Family→C6000
23. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
24. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
25. Click on Empty Project then Finish
26. To create a Source file
27. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
28. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
29. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
30. Debug the Program after loading is done
31. Run the Program and verify the output
32. Program ask for values of x[N], you have to enter values as 1st real & 2nd imaginary
for all N no of values.
33. Eg. x[N]= { 8.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0,
34. 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0}.
35. It enter in program as  8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
//#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.14

typedef struct
{
float real,imag;
}com;
void main()
{
com xx[8],x[8],temp[8],temp1[8],y[8],a[8],b[8],w[4];
int i,j=0;//loop counter variables
// printf("Enter the no of pionts of FFT==");
// scanf("%d", &PTS);
printf("\nEnter values==");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
scanf("%f",&xx[i].real);
scanf("%f",&xx[i].imag);
}
j=0;
for(i=0;i<8;i=i+2)
{
x[j].real=xx[i].real;
x[j].imag=xx[i].imag;
x[j+1].real=xx[i+4].real;
x[j+1].imag=xx[i+4].imag;
if(i==2)
i=-1;
j=j+2;
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
w[i].real=cos(2*PI*i/8);
w[i].imag=sin(2*PI*i/8);
}

for(i=0;i<8;i=i+2)
{
temp[i].real=x[i].real+x[i+1].real;
temp[i].imag=x[i].imag+x[i+1].imag;
temp[i+1].real=x[i].real-x[i+1].real;
temp[i+1].imag=x[i].imag-x[i+1].imag;
}
for(i=2;i<8;i=3*i)
{
a[i].real=temp[i].real*w[0].real-temp[i].imag*w[0].imag;
a[i].imag=temp[i].real*w[0].imag+temp[i].imag*w[0].real;
a[i+1].real=temp[i+1].real*w[2].real-temp[i+1].imag*w[2].imag;
a[i+1].imag=temp[i+1].real*w[2].imag+temp[i+1].imag*w[2].real;
temp[i].real=a[i].real;
temp[i].imag=a[i].imag;
temp[i+1].real=a[i+1].real;
temp[i+1].imag=a[i+1].imag;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

}
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
{
temp1[i].real=temp[i].real+temp[i+2].real;
temp1[i].imag=temp[i].imag+temp[i+2].imag;
temp1[i+2].real=temp[i].real-temp[i+2].real;
temp1[i+2].imag=temp[i].imag-temp[i+2].imag;
if(i==1)
i=3;
}
for(i=4;i<8;i++)
{
b[i].real=temp1[i].real*w[i-4].real-temp1[i].imag*w[i-4].imag;
b[i].imag=temp1[i].real*w[i-4].imag+temp1[i].imag*w[i-4].real;
temp1[i].real=b[i].real;
temp1[i].imag=b[i].imag;
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
y[i].real=temp1[i].real+temp1[i+4].real;
y[i].imag=temp1[i].imag+temp1[i+4].imag;
y[i+4].real=temp1[i].real-temp1[i+4].real;
y[i+4].imag=temp1[i].imag-temp1[i+4].imag;
}
printf("\nIFFT values==\n");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf("\nF(%d)=(%0.1f)+j(%0.1f)\n",i,y[i].real/8,y[i].imag/8);
}
}

OUTPUT
 Input x[n]= {8.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0, 0.0+j0.0,
0.0+j0.0};
for both DIT & DIF–FFT algorithm.
 Output X[K]={1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j, 1+0j }; for both DIT & DIF-FFT
Algorithm

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Define transform. What is the need for transform?

2. Differentiate Fourier transform and discrete Fourier transform.

3. Differentiate DFT and DTFT.

4. What are the advantages of FFT over DFT?

5. Differentiate DITFFT and DIFFFT algorithms.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 06 Date:

DESIGN OF FIR FILTER USING WINDOWING TECHNIQUES

AIM: To design and implement a FIR LP/HP filters using any three windowing techniques.
a. Rectangular window
b. Triangular window
c. Kaiser window

APPARATUS REQUIRED
 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO
 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT

PROCEDURE:
1. To create the New Project
2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
3. location)
4. Select project type→ Executable
5. Device Family→C6000
6. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
7. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
8. Click on Empty Project then Finish
9. To create a Source file
10. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
11. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
12. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
13. Debug the Program after loading is done
14. Run the Program and verify the output
15. Connect CRO to the LINE OUT.
16. Connect a Signal Generator to the LINE IN.
17. Switch on the Signal Generator with a sine wave of frequency 100 Hz. and Vp-
p=1.0v&vary the frequency.

1. FOR LOW PASS FILTER:

a. For fir low pass rectangular window (cutoff 500Hz)
b. For fir low pass triangular window (cutoff 1000Hz)
C. For fir low pass Kaiser Window (cutoff 1500Hz)
2. FOR HIGH PASS FILTER:
a. For fir high pass rectangular window (cutoff 400Hz)
b. For fir high pass triangular window (cutoff 800Hz)
C. For fir high pass triangular window (cutoff 1200Hz)

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

1(a) RECTANGULAR WINDOW FOR LPF

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;

void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )

{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{
}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS
spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //
SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY
SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high
SPI_SPIINT = 0;
SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

float filter_Coeff[] ={-0.008982,-0.017782,-0.025020,-0.029339,-0.029569,-0.024895,

-0.014970,0.000000,0.019247,0.041491,0.065053,0.088016,0.108421,0.124473,0.134729,
0.138255,0.134729,0.124473,0.108421,0.088016,0.065053,0.041491,0.019247,0.000000,
-0.014970,-0.024895,-0.029569,-0.029339,-0.025020,-0.017782,-0.008982};
static short in_buffer[100];
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);
void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;
int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8,
0X0811, 0X0A00, 0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;
MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM,1bit Rising edge INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF;//Rising INTERNAL CLK(from tx
side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used

MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{

while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );

input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)

{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

1(b) TRIANGULAR WINDOW FOR LPF

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;
void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )
{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

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SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;
SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

float filter_Coeff[] ={0.000000,-0.001591,-

0.002423,0.000000,0.005728,0.011139,0.010502,
-0.000000,-0.018003,-0.033416,-
0.031505,0.000000,0.063010,0.144802,0.220534,0.262448,
0.220534,0.144802,0.063010,0.000000,-0.031505,-0.033416,-0.018003,-
0.000000,0.010502,
0.011139,0.005728,0.000000,-0.002423,-0.001591,0.000000};

static short in_buffer[100];

signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;
int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;

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MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256
MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used
MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

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MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );
input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);
}
}
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)
{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

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1(c) KAISER WINDOW FOR LPF

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;
void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )
{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{
}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;
/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */
SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS
spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //
SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );
SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0

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| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high

| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high
SPI_SPIINT = 0;
SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}
float filter_Coeff[] ={0.000046,-0.000166,0.000246,0.001414,0.001046,-0.003421,-
0.007410,
0.000000,0.017764,0.020126,-0.015895,-0.060710,-
0.034909,0.105263,0.289209,0.374978,
0.289209,0.105263,-0.034909,-0.060710,-0.015895,0.020126,0.017764,0.000000,-
0.007410,
-0.003421,0.001046,0.001414,0.000246,-0.000166, -0.000046};
static short in_buffer[100];
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);
void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;
int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)

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MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)

MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize

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while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON

);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{

while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );

input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)

{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

2(a) RECTANGULAR WINDOW FOR HPF

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;
void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )
{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;
/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */
SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

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SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

float filter_Coeff[] ={0.021665,0.022076,0.020224,0.015918,0.009129,-0.000000,-

0.011158,
-0.023877,-0.037558,-0.051511,-0.064994,-0.077266,-0.087636,-0.095507,-
.100422,0.918834,
-0.100422,-0.095507,-0.087636,-0.077266,-0.064994,-0.051511,-0.037558,-0.023877,
-0.011158,-0.000000,0.009129,0.015918,0.020224,0.022076,0.021665};
static short in_buffer[100];
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);
void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;

int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;

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MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

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MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{ while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );
input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

}
}
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)
{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

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2(b) TRIANGULAR WINDOW FOR HPF

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char

static Uint32 spidat1;

void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )

{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29

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| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;

SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

float filter_Coeff[] ={0.000000,-0.000897,-0.003126,-0.005080,-0.004567,-

0.000000,0.008373,
0.017782,0.023225,0.018839,0.000000,-0.034539,-0.081287,-0.132092,-
0.175834,0.805541,
-0.175834,-0.132092,-0.081287,-
0.034539,0.000000,0.018839,0.023225,0.017782,0.008373,
-0.000000,-0.004567,-0.005080,-0.003126,-0.000897,0.000000};

static short in_buffer[100];

signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;

int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

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}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256
MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used
MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256
MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT
MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN
MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

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MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );
/* Start by sending a dummy write */
while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );
input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

}
}
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)
{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

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2(c) KAISER WINDOW FOR HPF

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;
void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )
{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}
void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase

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| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29

| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;
SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}
float filter_Coeff[] ={-0.000050,-0.000138,0.000198,0.001345,0.002212,-0.000000,-
0.006489,
-0.012033,-0.005942,0.016731,0.041539,0.035687,-0.028191,-0.141589,-
0.253270,0.700008,
-0.253270,-0.141589,-0.028191,0.035687,0.041539,0.016731,-0.005942,-0.012033,-
0.006489,
-0.000000,0.002212,0.001345,0.000198,-0.000138,-0.000050};
static short in_buffer[100];
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x);
void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;
int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;

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MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256 MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used
MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used
/* Starting sections of the McASP*/
MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize

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while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON

);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);
/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state
machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );
/* Start by sending a dummy write */
while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );
input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

}
}
signed int FIR_FILTER(float h[], signed int x)
{
int i=0;
signed long output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

OUTPUT:

 As we giving applied sine input through line in, the output will appear as per the filter
type on DSO.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

 Output will decreasing after the cutoff frequency for low pass filter
 Output will appear at the cutoff frequency for high pass filter

LPF
INPUT FREQUENCY (500Hz) OUTPUT

HPF
INPUT FREQUENCY (400Hz) OUTPUT

5. Result

Conclusion

Viva Questions

1. Write the procedure for design of FIR filters by using Kaiser Window?
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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

2. Write the expression for rectangular widow and what is Peak amplitude of side lobe
(db, Main lobe width and minimum stop band attenuation?

3. Write the expression for Triangular widow and what is Peak amplitude of side lobe (db,
Main lobe width and minimum stop band attenuation?

4. Write the expression for Hanning widow and what is Peak amplitude of side lobe (db,
Main lobe width and minimum stop band attenuation?

5. Write the expression for Hamming widow and what is Peak amplitude of side lobe (db,
Main lobe width and minimum stop band attenuation?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 07 Date:

DESIGN OF IIR BUTTERWORTH LP/HP FILTER

AIM: To design and implement an IIR Butterworth LP/HP Filter for given specification.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

 CODE COMPOSER STUDIO

 TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT

Procedure
1. To create the New Project
2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
location)Select project type→ Executable
3. Device Family→C6000
4. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
5. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
6. Click on Empty Project then Finish
7. To create a Source file
8. File →New→ Source file (Save & give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
9. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
10. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
11. Debug the Program after loading is done
12. Run the Program and verify the output
13. Connect CRO to the LINE OUT.
14. Connect a Signal Generator to the LINE IN.
15. Switch on the Signal Generator with a sine wave of frequency 100 Hz. and Vp-p=1.0v
& vary the frequency.

1. IIR low pass Butterworth filter (cutoff 800Hz)

2. IIR high pass Butterworth filter (cutoff 2500Hz)

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

1. IIR Butterworth LPF

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char

static Uint32 spidat1;

void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )

{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}

void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;
/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */
SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase

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| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29

| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;
SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}
const signed int filter_Coeff[] =
{
312,312,312,32767,-27943,24367 /*LP 800 */
} ;
signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;

int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
//Uint16 x, y, z;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );
input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = IIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

}
signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1)
{
static signed int x[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* x(n), x(n-1), x(n-2). Must be
static */
static signed int y[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* y(n), y(n-1), y(n-2). Must be
static */
int temp=0;
temp = (short int)x1; /* Copy input to temp */
x[0] = (signed int) temp; /* Copy input to x[stages][0] */
temp = ( (int)h[0] * x[0]) ; /* B0 * x(n) */

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */

temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[2] * x[2]); /* B2 * x(n-2) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[5] * y[2]); /* A2 * y(n-2) */
/* Divide temp by coefficients[A0] */
temp >>= 15;
if ( temp > 32767 )
{
temp = 32767;
}
else if ( temp < -32767)
{
temp = -32767;
}
y[0] = temp ;
/* Shuffle values along one place for next time */
y[2] = y[1]; /* y(n-2) = y(n-1) */
y[1] = y[0]; /* y(n-1) = y(n) */
x[2] = x[1]; /* x(n-2) = x(n-1) */
x[1] = x[0]; /* x(n-1) = x(n) */
/* temp is used as input next time through */
return (temp<<2);
}

2. Butterworth HPF
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;

void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )

{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}

void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI

| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;

SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

const signed int filter_Coeff[] =

{
3403, -3403, 3403, 32767, 15565, 17595//1621,-
1621,1621,32767,20964,15649//17926, -17926, 17926, 32767, -14372, 10192//
} ;
signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;

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Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;

Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;

int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
//Uint16 x, y, z;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{

while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );

input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = IIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1)

{
static signed int x[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* x(n), x(n-1), x(n-2). Must be
static */
static signed int y[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* y(n), y(n-1), y(n-2). Must be
static */
int temp=0;
temp = (short int)x1; /* Copy input to temp */
x[0] = (signed int) temp; /* Copy input to x[stages][0] */
temp = ( (int)h[0] * x[0]) ; /* B0 * x(n) */
temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[2] * x[2]); /* B2 * x(n-2) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[5] * y[2]); /* A2 * y(n-2) */
/* Divide temp by coefficients[A0] */
temp >>= 15;

if ( temp > 32767 )

{
temp = 32767;
}
else if ( temp < -32767)
{
temp = -32767;
}
y[0] = temp ;

/* Shuffle values along one place for next time */

y[2] = y[1]; /* y(n-2) = y(n-1) */
y[1] = y[0]; /* y(n-1) = y(n) */
x[2] = x[1]; /* x(n-2) = x(n-1) */
x[1] = x[0]; /* x(n-1) = x(n) */
/* temp is used as input next time through */
return (temp<<2);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:
 As we giving applied sine input through line in, the output will appear as per the
filter type on DSO.
 Output will decreasing after the cutoff frequency for low pass filter
 Output will appear at the cutoff frequency for high pass filter

INPUT FREQUENCY (800Hz) OUTPUT

RESULT

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Write the design procedure of butter worth IIR filter using Bilinear Transformation
Method?

2. Write the design procedure of butter worth IIR filter using Impulse Invariant Method?

3. Write relation between S & Z in BLT?

4. Write relation between S & Z in IIM?

5. Compare BLT & IIM?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 08 Date:

DESIGN OF IIR CHEBYSHEV LP/HP FILTER

AIM: To design and implement IIR chebyshev LP/HP Filter for given specification.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

CODE COMPOSER STUDIO

TMS320C6745 DSP TRAINER KIT
Procedure

1. To create the New Project

2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
location)Select project type→ Executable
3. Device Family→C6000
4. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
5. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
6. Click on Empty Project then Finish
7. To create a Source file
8. File →New→ Source file (Save & give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
9. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
10. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
11. Debug the Program after loading is done
12. Run the Program and verify the output
13. Connect CRO to the LINE OUT.
14. Connect a Signal Generator to the LINE IN.
15. Switch on the Signal Generator with a sine wave of frequency 100 Hz. andVp-
p=1.0v & vary the frequency.

1. Low pass Chebyshev filter (cutoff 1000Hz)

2. High pass Chebyshev filter (cutoff 1000Hz)

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1. Chebyshev LPF
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;
void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )
{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}

void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;

SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

const signed int filter_Coeff[] =

{
1455,1455,1455,32767,-23140,21735 /*LP 2500 */
} ;

signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;
int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
//Uint16 x, y, z;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{

while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );

input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = IIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);
}

}
signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1)
{
static signed int x[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* x(n), x(n-1), x(n-2). Must be
static */
static signed int y[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* y(n), y(n-1), y(n-2). Must be
static */
int temp=0;
temp = (short int)x1; /* Copy input to temp */
x[0] = (signed int) temp; /* Copy input to x[stages][0] */

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

temp = ( (int)h[0] * x[0]) ; /* B0 * x(n) */

temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[2] * x[2]); /* B2 * x(n-2) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[5] * y[2]); /* A2 * y(n-2) */
/* Divide temp by coefficients[A0] */
temp >>= 15;
if ( temp > 32767 )
{
temp = 32767;
}
else if ( temp < -32767)
{
temp = -32767;
}
y[0] = temp ;
/* Shuffle values along one place for next time */
y[2] = y[1]; /* y(n-2) = y(n-1) */
y[1] = y[0]; /* y(n-1) = y(n) */
x[2] = x[1]; /* x(n-2) = x(n-1) */
x[1] = x[0]; /* x(n-1) = x(n) */
/* temp is used as input next time through */
return (temp<<2);
}
2. Chebyshev HPF
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include "sysreg.h"
#define Uint32 unsigned int
#define Uint16 unsigned short
#define Uint8 unsigned char
#define Int32 int
#define Int16 short
#define Int8 char
static Uint32 spidat1;

void DSP6745_wait( Uint32 delay )

{
volatile Uint32 i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < delay ; i++ )
{

}
}

void spi_init( )
{
/* Reset SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

/* Release SPI */
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 1;

/* SPI 4-Pin Mode setup */

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SPI_SPIGCR1 = 0
| ( 0 << 24 )//Deactivates SPI
| ( 0 << 16 )//Internal loop-back test mode disabled/enabled=0/1
//| ( 1 << 1 )//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers
| ( 3 << 0 );//MASTER MODE. SPIx_CLK is an output and the SPI initiates
transfers

SPI_SPIPC0 = 0
| ( 1 << 11 ) // DI
| ( 1 << 10 ) // DO
| ( 1 << 9 ) // CLK
| ( 1 << 8 ) // EN0
| ( 1 << 0 ); // CS

spidat1 = 0
| ( 0 << 28 ) // CSHOLD
| ( 0 << 24 ) // DFSEL Format [0]
| ( 1 << 26 )
| ( 0 << 16 ) // CSNR
| ( 0 << 0 ); //

SPI_SPIFMT0 = 0
| ( 0 << 20 ) // SHIFTDIR
| ( 0 << 17 ) // Polarity
| ( 1 << 16 ) // Phase
| ( 14 << 8 ) // Prescale to 30MHz (150/(value+1))//29
| ( 16 << 0 ); // Char Len | ( 1F << 0 );

SPI_SPIDAT1 = spidat1;

SPI_SPIDELAY = 0
| ( 8 << 24 ) // C2TDELAY
| ( 8 << 16 ); // T2CDELAY

SPI_SPIDEF = 0
| ( 1 << 1 ) // EN1 inactive high
| ( 1 << 0 ); // EN0 inactive high

SPI_SPIINT = 0;

SPI_SPIDEF = 0x01;
SPI_SPIGCR1 |= ( 1 << 24 ); //Enable SPI
}

const signed int filter_Coeff[] =

{
11617, -11617, 11617, 32767, -8683, 15505//963, -963, 963, 32767,
25417, 23512//
} ;
signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1);

void main( )
{
Uint32 GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON = 0X00000200;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON = 0x00000002;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON = 0X00000100;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON = 0X00000001;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Uint32 GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON = 0X00000400;

Uint32 GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON = 0X00000004;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON = 0X00000800;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON = 0X00000008;
Uint32 GBLCTL_XFRST_ON = 0X00001000;
Uint32 GBLCTL_RFRST_ON = 0X00000010;

int temp,i;
signed int input_data1, input_data2;
//Uint16 x, y, z;
Uint16 codec_reg_val[] = {0X0017, 0X0217, 0X04D8, 0X06D8, 0X0811, 0X0A00,
0X0C00, 0X0E53, 0X100C, 0x1201};
PINMUX7 = 0x10110000;
PINMUX9 = 0x11011000;
PINMUX10 = 0x00000110;
spi_init( );
temp = SPI_SPIDAT1;

for(i=0; i<10; i++)

{
SPI_SPIDAT1= temp | codec_reg_val[i];
while( !(SPI_SPIFLG&0x200));
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );
}
SPI_SPIGCR0 = 0;
DSP6745_wait( 1000 );

MCASP0_GBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_RGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_XGBLCTL = 0;
MCASP0_PWRDEMU = 1;

MCASP0_RMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF;
MCASP0_RFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSRCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKRCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // Rising
INTERNAL CLK(from tx side)
MCASP0_AHCLKRCTL = 0x00008000;//INT CLK (from tx side)
MCASP0_RTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_RINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_RCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

MCASP0_XMASK = 0xFFFFFFFF; // No padding used

MCASP0_XFMT = 0x00018078; // MSB 16bit, 0-delay, no
pad, CFGBus
MCASP0_AFSXCTL = 0x00000000; // 2TDM, 1bit Rising edge
INTERNAL FS, word
MCASP0_ACLKXCTL = 0x00000081;//0x000000AF; // ASYNC,
Rising INTERNAL CLK, div-by-16
MCASP0_AHCLKXCTL = 0x00008000;// INT CLK, div-by-4
MCASP0_XTDM = 0x00000003; // Slots 0,1
MCASP0_XINTCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_XCLKCHK = 0x00FF0008; // 255-MAX 0-MIN, div-by-
256

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_SRCTL1 = 0x0002; // MCASP0.AXR0[1] <-- DOUT

MCASP0_SRCTL0 = 0x0001; // MCASP0.AXR0[0] --> DIN

MCASP0_PFUNC = 0x00;
MCASP0_PDIR = 0x00000001;
MCASP0_DITCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_DLBCTL = 0x00000000; // Not used
MCASP0_AMUTE = 0x00000000; // Not used

/* Starting sections of the McASP*/

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XHCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON;
// HS Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RHCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_XCLKRST_ON );
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON;
// Clk
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON ) !=
GBLCTL_RCLKRST_ON );

MCASP0_XSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_RSTAT = 0x0000ffff; // Clear all

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSRCLR_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON;
// Serialize
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSRCLR_ON
);

/* Write a 0, so that no underrun occurs after releasing the state

machine */

MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XSMRST_ON
);
MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON;
// State Machine
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RSMRST_ON
);

MCASP0_XGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_XFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_XGBLCTL & GBLCTL_XFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_XFRST_ON );

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

MCASP0_RGBLCTL |= GBLCTL_RFRST_ON;
// Frame Sync
while ( ( MCASP0_RGBLCTL & GBLCTL_RFRST_ON ) != GBLCTL_RFRST_ON );

/* Start by sending a dummy write */

while( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) ); // Check for Tx ready
MCASP0_XBUF0 = 0;

while(1)
{

while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL1 & 0x20 ) );

input_data1 = MCASP0_RBUF1_32BIT;
input_data2 = IIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff , input_data1);
while ( ! ( MCASP0_SRCTL0 & 0x10 ) );
MCASP0_XBUF0_32BIT = (input_data2 << 16);

signed int IIR_FILTER(const signed int h[], signed int x1)

{
static signed int x[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* x(n), x(n-1), x(n-2). Must be
static */
static signed int y[6] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; /* y(n), y(n-1), y(n-2). Must be
static */
int temp=0;
temp = (short int)x1; /* Copy input to temp */
x[0] = (signed int) temp; /* Copy input to x[stages][0] */
temp = ( (int)h[0] * x[0]) ; /* B0 * x(n) */
temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[1] * x[1]); /* B1/2 * x(n-1) */
temp += ( (int)h[2] * x[2]); /* B2 * x(n-2) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[4] * y[1]); /* A1/2 * y(n-1) */
temp -= ( (int)h[5] * y[2]); /* A2 * y(n-2) */
/* Divide temp by coefficients[A0] */
temp >>= 15;
if ( temp > 32767 )
{
temp = 32767;
}
else if ( temp < -32767)
{
temp = -32767;
}
y[0] = temp ;
/* Shuffle values along one place for next time */
y[2] = y[1]; /* y(n-2) = y(n-1) */
y[1] = y[0]; /* y(n-1) = y(n) */
x[2] = x[1]; /* x(n-2) = x(n-1) */
x[1] = x[0]; /* x(n-1) = x(n) */
/* temp is used as input next time through */
return (temp<<2);
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:

 As we giving applied sine input through line in, the output will appear as per the filter
type on DSO.
 Output will decreasing after the cutoff frequency for low pass filter
 Output will appear at the cutoff frequency for high pass filter

INPUT FREQUENCY (800Hz) OUTPUT

RESULT

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Viva Questions

1. Write the expression for the order of chebyshev filter?

2. Write the steps in designing chebyshev filter?

3. State the equation for finding the poles in chebyshev filter.

4. What is warping effect?

5. What are the properties of chebyshev filter?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No:09 Date:

DECIMATION AND INTERPOLATION

AIM: To write a C- program Implementation of Decimation process and Interpolation

process

Procedure to Work on Code Composer Studio

To create the New Project

Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default location)
Select project type→ Executable
Device Family→C6000
Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
Click on Empty Project then Finish
To create a Source file
File →New→ Source file (Save & give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
Debug the Program after loading is done
Run the Program and verify the output

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

1. PROGRAM:
Decimation process
include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define TIME 100
#define PI 3.14
#define L 4
#define M 4
float x[TIME],y[TIME*L],z[TIME*L],z1[TIME*L],y1[TIME];
float temp12_L[31], temp12_M[31];
static float in_buffer[100];

//float FIR_FILTER(float * , float );

float FIR_FILTER(float h[] , float x)

{
int i=0;
float output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

void delay1()
{
int y=150000;
while(y!=0)
y--;

void sinewave(float fm, float fc, int no, int result)

{

float m;
float n;

delay1();
delay1();
m = 6.28 * fm * no;
delay1();
delay1();
n = (m / fc);
delay1();
delay1();
if(result == 0)
{
delay1();
x[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
if(result == 1)
{
delay1();
temp12_L[no]= sin(n);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

delay1();
}
if(result == 2)
{
delay1();
temp12_M[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
delay1();
delay1();

void main()
{
int i,j,p,q;
float filter_Coeff_L[31],xx,yy,zz,zz1,zz2,filter_Coeff_M[31];

for(i=0;i<TIME;i++)
sinewave(1000, 8000.0, i, 0);
printf("\ninterpolation\n");

filter_Coeff_L[0]=1.0;
for(i=1;i<31;i++)
{

sinewave(0.5, L, i, 1);
xx = temp12_L[i];
yy = PI * i;
zz = yy/ L;
filter_Coeff_L[i]=(xx/zz);
}

printf("\ndecimation\n");

filter_Coeff_M[0]= L / M;
for(i=1;i<31;i++)
{

sinewave(0.5, M, i, 2);
xx = temp12_M[i];
yy = PI * i;
zz = yy/ M;
zz1 = xx / zz;
zz2 = (zz1 * L);
filter_Coeff_M[i]=(zz2/M);
}

for(i=0;i<TIME*L;i=i+L)
{
p = (i / L);
y[i]=x[p];
for(j=i+1;j<(i+L);j++)
y[j]=0.000000;
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

for(i=0; i<100; i++)

in_buffer[i] = 0;

for(i=0;i<TIME*L;i++)
{
delay1();
z[i]=FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff_L ,y[i]);
delay1();

}
for(i=0; i<100; i++)
in_buffer[i] = 0;

for(i=0;i<TIME*L;i++)
{
delay1();
z1[i]=FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff_M ,z[i]);
delay1();
}

for(i=0;i<TIME;i++)
{
delay1();
q = (i * L);
delay1();
y1[i]=z1[q];
delay1();
printf("\n%f",y1[i]);
}

printf("\nCompleted\n");

OUTPUT
 We generated sample interpolated input named as z1
 Then it pass through decimation process, that output named as y1
 To view input graphically,
.

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Select Tool graph single time

Graph of interpolated input

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

To view output graphically,

Select Tool graph single time.

Graph of output after decimation

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

2. PROGRAM:
Interpolation process
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define TIME 100
#define PI 3.14
#define L 4
float x[TIME],y[TIME*L],z[TIME*L];
float temp12[31];
static float in_buffer[100]={0.0};

//float FIR_FILTER(float * , float );

float FIR_FILTER(float h[] , float x)

{
int i=0;
float output=0;
in_buffer[0] = x; /* new input at buffer[0] */
for(i=29;i>0;i--)
in_buffer[i] = in_buffer[i-1]; /* shuffle the buffer */
for(i=0;i<31;i++)
output = output + h[i] * in_buffer[i];
return(output);
}

void delay1()
{
int y=150000;
while(y!=0)
y--;

void sinewave(float fm, float fc, int no, int result)

{

float m;
float n;

delay1();
delay1();
m = 6.28 * fm * no;
delay1();
delay1();
n = (m / fc);
delay1();
delay1();
if(result == 0)
{
delay1();
x[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
else
{
if(result == 1)

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

{
delay1();
temp12[no]= sin(n);
delay1();
}
}
delay1();
delay1();

void main()
{
int i,j;
float filter_Coeff_L[31],xx,yy,zz;

for(i=0;i<TIME;i++)
sinewave(1000, 8000.0, i, 0);
//x[i]=sin(2*3.14*1000*i/8000);
filter_Coeff_L[0]=1.0;
for(i=1;i<31;i++)
{

sinewave(0.5, 4, i, 1);
xx = temp12[i];
yy = PI * i;
zz = yy/ L;
filter_Coeff_L[i]=(xx/zz);
//printf("\n%f",filter_Coeff_L[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<TIME*L;i=i+L)
{
y[i]=x[i/L];
for(j=i+1;j<(i+L);j++)
y[j]=0.000000;
}

for(i=0;i<TIME*L;i++)
{
delay1();
z[i]=FIR_FILTER(filter_Coeff_L ,y[i]);
delay1();
printf("\n%f",z[i]);
//delay1();
}

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT
 We generated sample sine wave as a input named as x
 Then it pass through interpolation process, that output named as z
 To view input graphically,
Select Tool graph single time

Sample sine wave as a input X

To view interpolation graphically,

Select Tool graph single time

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Graph setting & graph

Interpolation graph

RESULT:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

CONCLUSION

VIVA QUESTIONS
1. Explain about multi rate digital signal processing.

2. List the Applications of multi rate digital signal processing.

3. Define interpolation.

4. Define decimation.

5. Define aliasing

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

ADVANCED
EXPERIMENTS

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 01 Date:

CONVERTING CD DATA TO DVD DATA

1. AIM: To write a MATLAB program to Converting CD DATA TO DVD DATA.

2. SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

 PC and MATLAB software

3. PROCEDURE:
 Open MATLAB
 Open new M-file
 Type the program
 Save in current directory
 Compile and Run the program
 For the output see command window\ Figure window

4. PROGRAM:

clc;
clear all;
fc=44100;
t=0:0.000002:0.00002;
x=sin(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(t,x);
title(&#39;original cd signal&#39;);
xlabel(&#39;no of samples&#39;);
ylabel(&#39;amplitude&#39;);
i=13;
d=6;
y=resample(x,i,d);
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(y);
title(&#39;dvd signal after using the re sample&#39;);
xlabel(&#39;no of samples&#39;);
ylabel(&#39;amplitude&#39;);
in=interp(x,i);
de=decimate(in,d);
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(de);
title(&#39;dvd signal after interpolation and decimation&#39;);
xlabel(&#39;no of samples&#39;);
ylabel(&#39;amplitude&#39;);

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

OUTPUT:

6.

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

7. VIVA QUESTIONS

1. How does poly phase filtering save computations in an interpolation filter?

2. Why do we need I&Q signals?

3. What is Interpolation and decimation filters and why we need it?

4. What are "up sampling" and "interpolation"?

5. What is the "interpolation factor"?

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

Exp .No: 02 Date:

POWER DENSITY SPECTRUM

AIM: To write a C- program to compute power density spectrum of given one – dimensional
signal and plot.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
 Code Composer Studio
 TMS320C6745 DSP Trainer Kit

PROCEDURE:
1. To create the New Project
2. Project→ New CCS Project (Give name to project with location to save or use default
3. location)
4. Select project type→ Executable
5. Device Family→C6000
6. Variant→C674xFloating-point DSP
7. Connection →Texas Instruments XDS100V2USB Emulator
8. Click on Empty Project then Finish
9. To create a Source file
10. File →New→ Source file (Save &amp; give file name, Eg: sum.c).Click on Finish
11. Write the C-Program To build the program project →Build All
12. After Build Finished without errors, Now DSP kit is turned ON
13. Debug the Program after loading is done
14. Run the Program and verify the output

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define N 16
#define PI 3.14159
typedef struct
{
float real,imag;
}
complex;
complex x[N];
float iobuffer[N];
float x1[N],y[N];
int i;
main()
{
complex w[N];
complex temp1,temp2;
float sum=0.0;
int j,k,n,upper_leg,lower_leg,leg_diff,index,step;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{

iobuffer[i]=sin((2*PI*2*i)/15.0);
}
for(n=0;n<N;n++)
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<N-n;k++)
{
sum=sum+(iobuffer[k]*iobuffer[n+k]);
}
x1[n]=sum;
}
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
x[i].real=x1[i];
x[i].imag=0.0;
}
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
w[i].real=cos((2*PI*i)/(N*2.0));
w[i].imag=-sin((2*PI*i)/(N*2.0));
}
leg_diff=N/2;
step=2;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
index=0;
for(j=0;j<leg_diff;j++)
{
for(upper_leg=j;upper_leg<N;upper_leg+=(2*leg_diff))
{
lower_leg=upper_leg+leg_diff;
temp1.real=(x[upper_leg]).real+(x[lower_leg]).real;
temp1.imag=(x[upper_leg]).imag+(x[lower_leg]).imag;
temp2.real=(x[upper_leg]).real-(x[lower_leg]).real;
temp2.imag=(x[upper_leg]).imag-(x[lower_leg]).imag;
(x[lower_leg]).real=temp2.real*(w[index]).real-temp2.imag*(w[index]).imag;
(x[lower_leg]).imag=temp2.real*(w[index]).imag+temp2.imag*(w[index]).real;
(x[upper_leg]).real=temp1.real;
(x[upper_leg]).imag=temp1.imag;
}
index+=step;
}

leg_diff=(leg_diff)/2;
step=step*2;
}
j=0;

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

for(i=1;i<(N-1);i++)
{
k=N/2;
while(k<=j)
{
j=j-k;
k=k/2;
}
j=j+k;
if(i<j)
{
temp1.real=(x[j]).real;
temp1.imag=(x[j]).imag;
(x[j]).real=(x[i]).real;
(x[j]).imag=(x[i]).imag;
(x[i]).real=temp1.real;
(x[i]).imag=temp1.imag;
}
}
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
y[i]=sqrt((x[i].real*x[i].real)+(x[i].imag*x[i].imag));
}
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
{
printf("%f\t",y[i]);
}
return(0);
}
OUTPUT:

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

RESULT:

CONCLUSION

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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (20A04502P) III B.Tech I Sem

VIVA QUESTIONS

1. What do you mean by phase spectrum and magnitude spectrum give comparison?

2. What is power spectral density used for?

3. How Power Spectral Density is used to Classify Noise?

4. What is Energy Spectral Density?

5. Which has the same power spectral density?

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