(CLASS XII) TUITION - MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER - 06
BINOMIAL THEOREM

PASCAL’S TRIANGLE
Pascal’s triangle is a triangle with 1 at the top vertex and running down the two slanting sides. It was
introduced by a French Mathematician Blaise Pascal. It is also known as Meru Prastara or Pingla.

Index Coefficient Expanded form

0 1 1
1 11 ab
2 1 21 a  2ab  b 2
2

3 13 31 a 3  3a 2 b  3ab 2  b 3
4 1 4 6 4 1 a 4  4a 3b  6a 2 b 2  4ab 3  b 4
5 1 5 10 10 5 1 a 5  5a 4 b  10a 3b 2  10a 2 b3  5ab 4  b5
6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1 a 6  6a 2 b  15a 4 b 2  20a 3b 3  15a 2 b 4  6ab 5  b 6

Binomial Theorem
For any positive integer ‘n’, we have,
n
1.  a  b   a n  n C1a n 1b  n C 2 a n  2 b 2  n C3a n 3 b 3  ....  n C r a n r b r  .....  b r

n r n
2.  a  b   a n  n C1a n 1b  n C 2 a n 2 b 2  n C 3a n 3 b 3  ....   1 n C r a n  r b r  .....   1 b r

Properties :
i. The expansion has (n+1) terms
ii. The index of ‘a’ in the first term is same as the index of (a+b). In succeeding terms, the index of ‘a’
decreases by 1 and in the term, it is ‘0’.
iii. The index of ‘b’ in the first term is ‘0’. In succeeding terms, the index of ‘b’ increases by 1 and in the
term, it is same as the index of (a+b).
th
iv. The term n C r a n r b r is known as  r  1 term or general term in the expansion and is denoted

by t r 1 .

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v. The sum of the indices of a and b in each term is same as n, the index of (a+b).

vi. Since n C r  n C n r , the coefficients equidistant from either end are equal.

Eg: n C 0  n Cn ; n C1  n C n 1 ; n C 2  n Cn 2 , etc
Questions and Answers :
5
1. Expand  2x  y 

Here a  2x, b  y, n  5
5 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4
 2x  y    2x   5 C1  2x  y  5 C 2  2x  y 2  5 C 3  2x  y 3  5 C 4  2x  y 4  y5

 25 x 5  5  24 x 4 y  10  23 x 3 y 2  10  22 x 2 y3  5  21 x1 y 4  y5

 32x 2  80x 4 y  80x 3 y 2  40x 2 y3  10xy 4  y5

5
2. Expand 1  2x 

n
1  x   1  n C1 x  n C 2 x 2  n C 3 x 3  .....
5 2 3 4 5
 1  2x   1  5C1  2x   5C2  2x   5C3  2x   5C 4  2x   5C5  2x 

5 4
5C1  5  5C2   10  5C3  5C2  10  5C 4  5C1  5
1 2
5
 1  2x   1  5  2x   10  4x 2   10  8x 3   5  6x 4   1 25 x 5

 1  10x  40x 2  80x 3  80x 4  32x 5

4 4
3.
4 4
Find  a  b    a  b  . Hence evaluate  3 2   3 2 
4 4
 a  b   a  b 
4
a  b  a 4  4 C1  a 3  b  4 C 2  a 2  b  4 C3  a  b3  b 4
4
a  b  a 4  4 C1  a 3  b  4 C2  a 2  b  4 C3  a  b 3  b 4

          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 4
a  b  a  b  2 4 C1  a 3b  2 4 C3  a  b3  8a 3b  4ab3  8ab  a 2  b 2 

4 4 2 2
  3 2   3 2  8 3 2  3    2    8 6  3  2   40 6


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 (CLASS XII) TUITION - MATHEMATICS

Note :
n
i) 1  x   1  n C1x  n C 2 x 2  .....  n Cn x n

n n
ii) 1  x   1  n C1x  n C 2 x 2  .....     C n x n

General term in the expansion of (a+b)n

The general term, t r 1  n Cr a n  r b r

Objective Questions
6
 2 1
1. Number of terms in the expansion of  x   is ............
 x
1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 2
n nn
2. C 0  n C1  n C 2  n C3  .....   1 C n  ........

1) 2n 2) 0 3) 2n 1 4) 2
20
3. Number of terms in the expansion of x  2x  1  2
  ......

1) 20 2) 40 3) 41 4) 21
n
4. C 0  n C1  n C 2  .....  n Cn  ..........

1) 2n 1 2) 2n 2 3) 2n 4) None
7
5. The 8th terms in the expansion of  2 3  is ..........

1) 27 2 2) 27 3 3) 72 2 4) 72 3

2n
 1
6. The number of terms in the expansion of  x   is ................
 x
1) n+1 2) n 3) 2n+1 4) 2n+2
n
7. C8  n C7 then n =
1) 15 2) 8 3) 7 4) 1
11
8. C10 11 C x then x = ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

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Descriptive Questions
4 4
1. a) Find  a  b    a  b  .

b) Hence evaluate :
4 4
 3 2   3 2 
2. Using binomial theorem, expand (2x+3)5

3. Show that 9n 1  8n  9 is divisible by 64.

4
 2 3
4. Write the expansion of  x  
 x
4
5. a) Write the expansion of  a  b 

4 4
b) Evaluate :   
5 6  5 6 
n
6. Write the expansion of  a  b  , where n is any positive integer..