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Design and development of an LNB based DVB-S receiver

Article in International Journal of Engineering & Technology · September 2018

DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i3.19.16989

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 International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (3.19) (2018) 66-71

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET

Research paper

Design and Development of an LNB based DVB-S receiver

Mahmudul H., Sirajum M., Syed N. S., A.K.M. F.H., Shahina H., Tasnim I. R.

Daffodil International University, 120, Sukrabad, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract

This paper introduces an LNB-based DVB-S receiver with respect to sync byte detection. The basic configuration of DVB-S for
decoding is the major focus of this work, where the main task is to decode the received signal from the satellite with a good SNR. Sync-
byte detection is one of the challenges of receiver design. An algorithm is developed to overcome the problems associated with Sync-
byte detection which can efficiently perform Sync-byte detection. After decoding the signal, the SNR is found to be 9.62 dB, which
represents quiet a good signal. A channel list is identified in the final result.

Keywords: LNB, STB, PID, DVB, LLR, QPSK, MPEG.

1. Introduction 2. System Design Design and Architectural

DVB-S (Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite) is an Overview
international standard which replaced the analog video
broadcasting, is introduced by ETSI (EN 300 421 [1]) and used The system design of DVB-S is a modular structure which is
for digital television transmission and broadcasting by satellite. based on independent sub-systems and for this reason; the other
The structure (EN 300 421 [1]) is constructed to provide direct-to- DVB systems maintain a high level of community. All the
home (DTH) multi-programme TV services in the (FSS) and broadcasting systems use a common source coding and
(BSS) bands and is addressed to client IRDs, as well as collective multiplexing subsystem, named moving pictures experts group
antenna systems and cable television head-end stations, with a (MPEG)-2 and channel coding and modulation are provided by
likelihood of modulation [1,3]. channel adapters which are particularly designed to enhance the
performance on each media. Basically, some facts like sound and
picture coding algorithms, service availability etc. are the main
dependencies, which ensure the overall quality of a digital TV
service by satellites. To achieve the best quality of sound, picture
and service continuity, some system optimization is highly
recommended [3].
With the development of DVB-S it was possible to broadcast
more than one TV channel within one transponder with higher
quality. In this work, a DVB-S digital signal should be captured
after an LNB and offline decoded in Matlab [4].

This section projects the basic block diagram of a satellite receiver

as well as the measurement setup procedure.
Fig.(1). shows the basic system diagram for the satellite receiver.
Fig. (1). Basic block diagram of satellite receiver Dish antenna receives the signal from satellite. The basic
receiving signal information is given in the TABLE 1 (according
The progress of digital technologies in production, transmission to [5]). Signal transmitted from satellite travels approximately
and emission of TV is rapidly dynamical that established ideas of 36000 km before it is received by a dish antenna. The dish
broadcasting. Providing an attractive package for the various antenna is connected to a splitter which replicates the signal and
audiences, downloading of multimedia information on the set-top sends it to two different blocks. One of the blocks is digital
box (STB) for local and navigation, interactive services and satellite receiver which performs a series of operations to extract
electronic-commerce are the main dependency of the success of video stream from the signal.
digital satellite broadcasting [3].

TABLE 1: BASIC SATELLITE INFORMATION

Name Astra 19.20 East Transponder 51 to 106 Polarization H
Frequency 10744 MHz Type DVB-S Symbol rate 22000KSps
Bit rate 33.79 Mbps Modulation QPSK FEC 5/6
RRC roll off 0.35

Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 67

TABLE II: POLARIZATION OF LNB

Supply Block Local oscillator Intermediate
Voltage Tone Polarization Frequency band Frequency Freq. range
13V 0 KHz Vertical 10.70-11.70 GHz, low 9.75GHz 950-1950 MHz
18V 0 KHz Horizontal 10.70-11.70 GHz, low 9.75 GHz 950-1950 MHz
13V 22 KHz Vertical 11.70-12.75 GHz high 10.60 GHz 1100-2150 MHz
18V 22 KHz Horizontal 11.70-12.75 GHz high 10.60 GHz 1100-2150 MHz

Then the video stream can be played by a TV. Also the satellite signal can have different polarization on the same frequency. To
receiver provides the required received voltage and tone to enable receive signal using this device different types of voltage and
the dish antenna prior to receiving. The other block connected to frequencies are required to be applied.
the splitter is DC blocker. There is an oscilloscope connected to According to table 1, 18 volt need to be applied to receive signal
DC blocker. Furthermore the output of the oscilloscope is having horizontal polarization with 10.744 GHz frequency band.
connected to a computer. The job of the DC blocker is to save the The received signal is split by a splitter. A DC blocker is used to
oscilloscope from high voltage DC components. The oscilloscope block the DC component which prevents the oscilloscope from
saves and sends the signal to the connected computer for further DC components. The oscilloscope is used to measure the received
offline decoding. signal and save the data for decoding using MATLAB.
In dish antenna, there is a LNB device which has two types of The conceptual system block diagram is given in fig. (2). After
polarization (horizontal and vertical). The transmitted satellite TV getting the signal in MATLAB, decoding is required.

Fig. (2). Conceptual System Block Diagram

The signal comes to a mixer and the local oscillator in the LNB and down-sampling which is required for fine CFO estimation
provides the frequency 9.75 GHz. The received signal's frequency and get the best time for down-sampling. In fig. 3 the basic carrier
is 10.744 GHz. After passing from the mixer, the intermediate frequency offsets (CFO) compensation procedure is examined. To
frequency is approximately 994 MHz. After demodulation, a construct the exact constellation diagram sampling time and
carrier recovery is needed which is required to calculate the exact sampling phase angle is required.
frequency. The next step of carrier recovery is the SFO estimation

Fig. (3). Carrier Frequency Estimation

68 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

All constellation symbols go through a QPSK demodulator. The decoding techniques, the most popular technique is Viterbi
symbols are demodulated according to the modulation schemes decoding. In Viterbi, two types of decision are termed as hard
from [1]. The symbol has to separate into real and imaginary part decision decoding and soft decision decoding. If the received
for doing the depunctution. After finishing this part the next step voltages are decoded into codeword and correlated with all the
is decoding. Viterbi decoding has been used to find the bits from possible codeword which gives the minimum selection of
the complex number. The approx. LLR is performed here. Euclidean distance, the process is termed as soft decision
Unquart is used as the decision making process which considers decoding. The Viterbi decoder can be used in each case. The hard
real input values. In this decision making process -1 represents a decision decoding takes an early decision as whether a bit is 0 or
logical zero and 1 represents a logical one. 1 which might sometimes leads to wrong decision especially for
Actually, the receiver has received some voltages which needs to voltages near threshold [6]. Hence, the soft decision decoding has
be digitized according to receive bit sequences. To fulfill this been considered in this paper.
requirement decoding is needed. Among different types of

Fig. (4). Sync-byte detection process

The next step gives an idea to find the sync-bytes. After Hence this code rate is called 5/6 only to find the right symbol
completing the viterbi decoding, a complete bit stream can be blocks. The sync-bytes search is only to determine which of the
found. The sync-byte is given either non-inverted (i.e. 47 HEX, 7 12 combinations the right one is. In MPEG-2 TS, there are 8
1 Dec) or inverted (i.e. B8 HEX, 18 4 DEC). For QPSK, there are packet configurations for energy disposal, which need to be
four possible rotations and according to the code rate, 3 symbols detected. That's why further decoding is needed. In every packet a
is for each rotation. Hence, we have 12 combinations to get the sync byte should present in very beginning. The main job of this
exact sync byte. QPSK demodulator processes 3 symbols at a sync-byte detector is to detect the regular occurrence of sync-
time and each symbol contain 2 bits. In total 6 bits enter into the byte. Each packet contains 204 bytes or 1632 bits where the
depunctuator which inserts extra 4 null bits. The code rate of starting 1 byte should be sync-bytes, either inverted or non-
Viterbi is1/2 .so output of the decoder is 5 bits. It can be observed inverted. The repetition should be happened in 7 times non-
that the input of the whole decoding process is 6 bits and the inverted and one time inverted in general case [2]. Here a small
output is 5 bits [7]. algorithm has been introduced to find the first sync-byte.

Fig. (5). Frame structure [2]

Fig. (6). Received Signal

International Journal of Engineering & Technology 69

After starting the algorithm it can take the first 8 bits and convert Here the value of I=12 which represents the buffer size. Hence,
it into a decimal number if the number is equal to 71 or 184 (non- first 12 packets have been ignored during de-interleaving process.
inverted/ inverted). Then it goes to check the presence of next The last step is error detection and correction. Reed-Solomon
sync byte after 1632 bits or 204 bytes. Usually the non-inverted shortened code (RS (204,188, T=8)) is used which can correct up
bytes can be found after 204 bytes. According to the encoder to 8 bits. After that the final message for the MPEG-2 format is
information from [2], the frame structure is shown in fig. (5). formed with some padding. Packet Identifier (PID) which needs
If first 8 bits do not match with any inverted or non-inverted sync- to be removed and after removing the inverted sync-byte, the
byte, the algorithm moves forward and starts from next 8 bits. message PID is formed. In MPEG-2 TS, there is some PID which
Using the algorithm, the desired sync byte is found after 9th can identify the packet. Additional packets will be discarded at
time’s shift of constellation, and first sync-byte is found after 381 the end of receiver. PID 8191 is reserved for this part.
bits. Actually, from this step further processing can take place at Null Packet: It is used to ensure that the stream maintains a
the byte level. constant bitrate, a multiplexer may need to insert some additional
DVB-S has some special type of standards which uses some packets which will discarded at the end of receiver. PID 8191is
interleaving and randomization algorithm that secures the packets. reserved for this part.

Fig. (7). BaseBand Signal

3. Results After mixing it in baseband, the higher frequencies are filtered

out. The resultant baseband signal is shown in fig. 7.
Following the demodulation, carrier recovery and filtering, timing
This section discusses about the results of the implementations of
and phase offset cancellation, decoding and sync byte detection
this paper. After receiving the transmitted signal from the
have been performed upon the signal. Fig. 8 shows the frame
satellite, it is demodulated following denoising. The output signal
which started with sync-byte.
shown in the oscilloscope is presented in the fig. 6.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 171 0
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 207 65 133 0
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 206 92 177 164 0
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 176 81 254 252 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 177 15 108 82 231 0
7 0 0 0 0 0 128 224 206 137 154 130 100 0
8 0 0 0 0 119 186 206 97 96 184 32 111 0
9 0 0 0 234 134 88 101 212 197 149 207 145 0
10 0 0 147 23 176 166 114 118 193 138 12 8 0
11 0 158 220 81 194 62 79 137 228 143 242 73 0
12 71 29 231 87 57 36 58 36 213 106 184 203 192
13 71 45 229 243 212 66 73 177 38 99 80 248 251
14 71 5 239 76 158 54 187 72 106 78 166 88 42
15 71 222 209 215 53 46 224 24 228 113 10 243 111
16 71 81 210 242 203 239 248 8 84 12 97 42 83
17 71 40 195 234 58 239 113 105 59 153 133 180 234
18 184 2 3 20 139 224 187 33 155 215 248 104 99
19 71 159 40 82 95 248 64 185 159 1 151 231 88
20 71 28 191 90 120 113 195 110 167 215 187 151 81
21 71 44 217 243 44 187 69 13 204 193 61 55 67
22 71 27 229 65 93 64 127 195 191 237 148 140 86
23 71 193 75 215 69 195 96 154 188 160 116 62 199
24 71 80 36 243 228 154 29 233 55 60 60 127 176
25 71 55 245 224 193 233 123 00 223 117 100 194 01
Fig. (8). Sync Bytes with Frame
70 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

First 11 frames are lost due to the buffer size. So the first 11 frames NingxiaEs lebe die Prinzessin! Überall in der Stadt Ningxia hänge G
can be omitted and started from number 12th. These 11 frames do not n Bilder mit Shi La. Zu ihren Ehren, sagt sie. Trotzdem müssen
contain any information. In MATLAB there is a built in object Marco, Shi LNÿdeu ùa und Luigi vor einer aufgebrachten Händlerin
function which is used for De-interleaving. Using the basic formula flüchten und landen in einer chinesischen Oper. Hier w G erden sie
of SNR in dB, the SNR has been calculated as 9.1792 and 9.6280 in für die erwarteten Schauspieler gehalten und müssen gleich auf die
db. Bühne. Das war schon immer Shi Las Traum. Aber die turbulente
After RS decoding and descrambling, the pure message is found with AufführunNÿ#deu ùg des Stücks "Prinzessin Ki G rschblüte" lüftet
some padding Packet Identifier (PID) which needs to be removed and ungewollt das Geheimnis um die wirkliche Herkunft von Shi
after removing the inverted sync-byte, the message PID has been La.Darsteller:Vater Niccolo: Boris Aljinovic- SprecherMarco: Elia
formed. Francolino- SprecherLuigi: Linus Dre
The PID list found is given below, according to [5]. In MPEG-2 TS, The null packet is looks like,
there is some PID which can identify the packet. 47FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
After decode PID number 18 some text has been fond which is given FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
below. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
G 00Nÿdeu ù2D-Animationsserie mit 3D-Elementen, Deutschland FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
/ Luxemburg / Irland / Kanada 2013Tumult in der Oper von FFFFFFFFFFFFF… and so on.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 71 150 147 234 119 128 4 36 205 207 165 3 192
2 71 29 220 23 134 186 224 177 176 92 69 171 251
3 71 45 231 81 176 33 206 206 19 81 177 133 42
4 71 5 229 87 194 166 101 97 137 108 154 164 111
5 71 222 239 243 57 62 114 212 90 154 184 252 83
6 71 81 209 76 212 36 79 118 197 184 130 231 234
7 184 40 210 215 158 65 73 118 193 149 32 100 99
8 71 2 195 242 53 54 187 136 220 143 207 111 98
9 71 159 3 234 203 145 224 177 213 108 12 145 81
10 71 28 40 20 58 239 248 72 38 99 242 8 67
11 71 44 191 82 139 239 113 24 100 78 184 73 86
12 71 27 217 90 95 224 164 8 228 113 88 203 199
13 71 193 242 229 120 136 87 108 84 12 166 248 176
14 71 80 75 65 44 195 195 35 59 153 10 88 61
15 184 55 38 215 93 62 69 185 159 219 97 243 212
16 71 2 245 69 69 203 127 110 150 1 133 42 112
17 71 159 14 228 228 110 96 52 167 215 248 180 11
18 71 28 132 194 193 219 29 13 204 193 151 164 137
19 71 44 219 54 54 223 123 195 192 237 187 231 98
20 71 27 117 262 162 28 112 154 188 160 61 151 84
21 71 222 129 251 130 44 5 233 59 60 148 55 207
22 71 80 209 73 8 241 221 60 229 117 116 140 34
23 184 41 138 211 238 86 237 71 143 61 60 62 126
24 71 2 255 252 77 78 224 16 241 8 160 227 113
25 71 159 103 239 122 167 4 31 55 181 9 194 226

Fig. (9). After deinterleaving process

Fig. (10) shows the channel information after randomization and here no packet lost has been found in the middle.

Fig. (10). MPEG-2 channel list without discontinuation

International Journal of Engineering & Technology 71

(a) Sending PID information

(b) List of received PID

(c) List of received PIDs

Fig. (11). PID lists from [5] and after decoding the received signal

Second Author Sirajum M., lecturer, Department of

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. The
4. FUTURE WORK author’s major is Telecommunication Engineering.
Third Author Syed N. S., lecturer, Department of Electronics
Nowadays the DVB technology is the newest technology in and Telecommunication Engineering. The author’s major is
whole world. This paper focuses on the decoding of DVB-S Telecommunication Engineering.
standards. There is a new standard comes over DVB-S which Fourth Author Tasnim I. R., lecturer, Department of
is called DVB-S2. It provides better decoding technique and Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. The
error correction rate is faster than the others. After doing some author’s major is Telecommunication Engineering.
improvement of DVB-S, decoding DVB-S2 shall be tried in Fifth Author Shahina H., Assistant Profrssor, Department of
future. Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. The
author’s major is Telecommunication Engineering.
5. CONCLUSION Sixth Author A. K. M. Fazlul H., Professor, Department of
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. The
This paper discussed about available literature related to author’s major is Telecommunication Engineering.
digital TV and digital video broadcasting in detail. DVB-S
signal is captured after LNB with oscilloscope and also References
decoded the signal in MATLAB. Furthermore, in offline
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sampling, Virterbi decoder, sync-byte detection, Reed- structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12ghz satellite
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are adopted to optimize the performance on each media. In standards institute, 1997 itu-r rec,‖ Specific Attenuation Model
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satellite receiver used to work on the analog signal. DVB [2] U. Reimers, DVB: the family of international standards for
digital video broadcasting. Springer, 2013. Pp. 173-182.
technology is totally a new concept and more research work is
[3] M. Cominetti and A. Morello, ―Digital video broadcasting over
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correct maximum 8 bytes and after descrambling some Available: http://www.satindex.de/frequenz/10744/
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About The Authors television broadcasting,‖ EBU V4/MOD 249, 1993.

First Author Mahnudul H., lecturer, Department of

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. The
author’s major is Telecommunication Engineering.

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