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Unit4b-Forces1

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Unit4b-Forces1

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Physics by ehab
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Solutions to Physics Practice Test 14 A

Problem #1
The answer to item #2 can be found using W = mg = (6Kg)(10m/s2) = 60 N. The tension
in rope #2 must exactly cancel the weight of the hanging object. Now, a free-body
diagram of the ropes at the junction can be drawn.

T3
T3sin50.2
T1
T3cos50.2

60N=T2

From Σ FY: T3sin50.2 – 60 = 0


T3 = 60/sin(50.2) = 78.1 N
From Σ FX: T1 – T3cos(50.2) = 0
T1 – {78.1}cos(50.2) = 0
T1 = 50 N
Problem #2
The following free-body diagram can be constructed from the given information.
176 N n
176N
249N

Ff

68 N

From Σ FY: n – 68N – 176 N = 0


n = 244 N
From Σ FX: 176N – Ff = 0
Ff = 176 N
From Ff = µn we can substitute values-
µ = Ff / n = 176N / 244 N = 0.721
When the initial applied force is removed and a horizontal applied force is used the
normal force will change to a value of n=68N but µ=0.721 as before. Now using Ff = µn
= 0.721(68N) = 49 N
Problem #3 Problem #4
Since the block slides “up” the incline The free-body diagram of the
then force of friction points “down” the intersection of cables can be constructed
ramp as shown in free-body diagram. from the given information. Note that
the tension in cable #3 is given. The x
n FAP=219N and y parts of that tension are also
shown.

222.5N
Ff T2sin64.3 T2 T3 240N
240N
90N
T2cos64.3 270 N

From Σ F⊥: n – 222.5N = 0 ∴n = T1


222.5N
From Σ F||: 219N – 90 N – Ff = 0
∴Ff = 129 N Items #14 and #15 can be answered
From Ff = µn and substitution we get directly from the diagram. The tension
µ = Ff / n = 129N / 222.5 N = 0.580 in cable #2 can be found from the
If the block moves down the incline at horizontal forces equation.
constant speed the 90 N part of the
weight is pulling down on the block. From Σ FX: 270N – T2cos(64.3) = 0
The force of friction would reverse 270 N = T2cos(64.3)
direction however. Since the normal T2 = 270N / cos(64.3) = 623 N
force is still the same then the amount of The tension in the vertical cable can be
friction is also still the same, 129 N. found using the forces in the y-direction
The 90 N part of the weight cannot equation after you substitute the correct
compensate for all of the friction. You value for T2.
would have to supply an additional 39 N
of force. See the figure below: From Σ FY: 240 + T2sin(64.3) – T1 = 0
n 240 + {623}sin(64.3) = T1
801 N = T1
Ff = Since cable #1 is supporting the hanging
129N mass, M?, then the tension in that cable
FAP must be exactly equal to the weight.
222.5N Using W=mg we can determine mass.
m = W/g = 801N / 10 m/s2 = 8.01 Kg
240N
90 N Note that on the test you will have one
of these problems. I do not know if I
From Σ F||: FAP + 90 N – 129N = 0 will give you a tension and ask for the
weight or if I will give you a weight and
∴FAP = 39 N down the ramp ask for tensions. Be prepared for either.
Problem #5
The first line indicates that the box is
being “lowered”. This is critical in
recognizing that the friction force will
act in a direction “up the ramp”. In other
words somebody is pushing on this
object in order to prevent it from coming
down the ramp too quickly. The
diagram of the forces is shown below.

n
67N
160N Ff

173.3N
100N
260N

240N

Item #19 can be answered directly from


the diagram. Item #18 is found from
summing the forces perpendicular to the
surface.
From Σ F⊥: n – 160N – 100N = 0
n = 260 N
Item #17 is found by summing the forces
parallel to the surface of the incline.

From Σ F||: 240N – 67N – Ff = 0


Ff = 173 N
It is a coincidence that this is also the
applied force.
Item #20 is found from Ff = µn.
µ = Ff / n = 173N / 260 N = 0.665

To move the block up hill at constant


speed by pushing parallel to the surface
you would have to overcome a gravity
force of 240N and a friction force of
66.5N or a total of 306.5N parallel and
up the ramp. Note that friction changed
here because we changed the direction of
the push and reduced normal force to
100N.
Physics Practice Test 14 B Name ________________________

A 3 Kg object is hung as shown in the A 13.3 Kg block is placed on a level


diagram below. The string labeled as #3 surface. An applied force of 93.7 N at
forms a 18.4° angle with the horizontal. 49.2° below the horizontal moves the
block at constant speed.

18.4° 49.2°
Fap= 93.7 N
#3
#1

#2
4. The coefficient of kinetic friction is
a) 0.16
M b) 0.30
c) 0.44
d) 0.58
1. The tension in line #1 is ___ N. e) 0.72
a) 50 5. The normal force is ___N.
b) 60 a) 164
c) 70 b) 204
d) 80 c) 244
e) 90 d) 284
2. The tension in line #2 is ___ N. e) 324
a) 30 6. The force of friction is ____N.
b) 40 a) 35.8
c) 50 b) 61.2
d) 60 c) 95.1
e) 70 d) 125
3. The tension in line #3 is ___ N. e) 176
a) 67.5 7. To move the block sideways at
b) 78.1 constant speed over the same surface
c) 89.4 requires a horizontal applied force of
d) 94.9 ___ Newtons.
e) 106.3 a) 25
b) 32
c) 40
d) 49
e) 59
Test 104B (continued) An unknown mass is hanging in the figure
below. The tension in cable #3 is 416.2N.
A 10.3 kg block is placed on a 29° Cable #3 forms an angle of 54.8° with the
inclined plane. A 113 N applied force horizontal. Cable #2 forms an angle of
parallel to the surface of the incline moves 47.3° with the horizontal.
the block up at constant speed.
Fap 47.3° 54.8°
#2 #3

29° M?

8. The normal force acting on the block 12. The unknown mass is ___ Kg.
is ___ N. a) 50 d) 80
a) 90.1 b) 60 e) 90
b) 125.9 c) 70
c) 206.3 13. The tension in cable #2 is ___ N.
d) 222.5 a) 241
e) 448.0 b) 354
9. The coefficient of friction between c) 469
block and incline is ___. d) 506
a) 0.23 e) 622
b) 0.42 14. The horizontal component of the
c) 0.58 tension in cable #3 is ___ N.
d) 0.70 a) 180
e) 0.85 b) 210
10. The force of friction is ___ N. c) 240
a) 63.1 d) 270
b) 107.1 e) 300
c) 129.1 15. The vertical part of the tension in
d) 175.4 cable #3 is ___ N.
e) 188.2 a) 140 d) 440
11. To move the block down the incline at b) 240 e) 540
constant speed would require a force c) 340
of ___ N parallel to the incline. 16. Tension in the vertical cable is ___N.
a) 13.2 a) 500
b) 25.5 b) 600
c) 39.2 c) 700
d) 52.6 d) 800
e) 68.2 e) 900
Test 104 B (continued) Answers to Practice Test 14B

A 26 kg box is lowered from the top of an 1. e


inclined plane. The incline has been 2. a
raised 67.4° from the horizontal. An 3. d
applied force of 130 N parallel to the 4. b
ground and toward the incline acts to 5. b
lower the box at constant speed. 6. b
7. c
8. a
9. d
Fap 10. a
11. a
12. b
67.4° 13. b
14. c
17. The force of friction acting on the 15. c
block is about ___ N. 16. b
a) 100 17. e
b) 148 18. b
c) 173 19. a
d) 182 20. e
e) 190
18. The normal force acting on the block
is about ___N.
a) 200
b) 220
c) 240
d) 260
e) 280
19. The part of the applied force parallel
to the incline is ___ N.
a) 50
b) 58
c) 60
d) 67
e) 96
20. The kinetic coefficient of friction is
a) 0.37
b) 0.50
c) 0.67
d) 0.76
e) 0.86

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