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15 Grammar Points of HSK2

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Grammar point 1

Conjunctions

yīn wèi suǒ yǐ

1. 因 为 ··· 所 以 ··· because
因 为 + cause， 所 以 + effect

Yīn wèi tā shēng bìng le, suǒ yǐ méi qù xué xiào .

Eg：因 为 她 生 病 了，所 以 没 去 学 校。
She didn’t go to school because she got sick.

Yīn wèi zuó tiān xià yǔ, suǒ yǐ wǒ men méi qù dǎ lán qiú.
因 为 昨 天 下 雨，所 以 我 们 没 去 打 篮 球。
We didn't play basketball yesterday because it rained.

suī rán dàn shì

2. 虽 然 ··· 但 是 ··· although
虽 然 + a statement, 但 是 + the main statement
The former statement makes the main statement seem surprising or unlikely.

Suī rán Hàn zì hěn nán, dàn shì wǒ xǐ huan xué xí Hàn zì.
Eg：虽 然 汉 字 很 难，但 是 我 喜 欢 学 习 汉 字。
I like to learn Chinese characters although it’s hard.

Suī rán wài miàn hěn lěng, dàn shì fáng jiān li hěn rè.
虽 然 外 面 很 冷， 但 是 房 间 里 很 热。
Although it’s cold outside, it’s hot in the room.

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Grammar point 2

Aspect Particle “着”

Verb + 着 + Object
A verb followed by “着” indicates a continuous action or state. You should use a “没” to negate
the action or state.

Tā chuān zhe hóng sè de yī fu.

Eg：她 穿 着 红 色 的 衣 服。
She is wearing red clothes.

Wǒ méi ná zhe shū.

我 没 拿 着 书。
I’m not holding the book.

Aspect Particle “过”

Verb + 过 + Object
A verb followed by“过”usually indicates that an action has been experienced in the past. It
should be negated with a ”没” or “没有”.

Wǒ kàn guo zhè ge diàn yǐng.

Eg：我 看 过 这 个 电 影。
I have seen this movie.

Tā méi qù guo Zhōng guó.

他 没 去 过 中 国。
He hasn’t been to China before.

Grammar point 3

Modal Adverb “还”

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① Used to say something is acceptable.

hái
Structure: Subject + 还 + Adjective

Nǐ de shēn tǐ zěn me yàng?

Eg：A： 你 的 身 体 怎 么 样？
How are you?

Hái hǎo.
B： 还 好。
Not bad.

Nǐ jué de zhè jiàn yī fu zěn me yàng？

A： 你 觉 得 这 件 衣 服 怎 么 样？
What do you think of this dress?

Hái bú cuò.
B： 还 不 错。
Not bad.

② still , yet
hái méi
The negative form: Subject + 还 没 + Verb

Shí diǎn le, tā hái zài shuì jiào ne.

Eg：十 点 了，他 还 在 睡 觉 呢。
It's 10 a.m., but he's still sleeping.

Nǐ zěn me hái méi chī fàn?

你 怎 么 还 没 吃 饭？
Why haven't you eaten yet?

Grammar point 4

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 The adverb “就”

1 Used to indicate a conclusion or a resolution that is made on the basis of the

previous statement.
jiù
Structure: 就 + Verb

Nǐ bù xiǎng qù, jiù zài jiā xiū xī ba.

Eg：你 不 想 去，就 在 家 休 息 吧。
If you don't want to go, just rest up at home.

Zhè jiā diàn rén tài duō le, wǒ men jiù zài zhè jiā diàn chī ba.
这 家 店 人 太 多 了，我 们 就 在 这 家 店 吃 吧。
That restaurant is too crowded. Let’s just eat at this one.

2 Used for emphasis, indicating something happened earlier or sooner than expected.

Wǒ sì shí fēn zhōng qián jiù dào le.

Eg：我 四 十 分 钟 前 就 到 了。
I arrived forty minutes ago.

Tā men qī diǎn jiù dào xué xiào le.

他 们 七 点 就 到 学 校 了。
They arrived at school at 7 o’clock.

Grammar point 5

The preposition “从”

cóng
从 from

It means “from```”, starting at a particular time, place, position, etc. It is often used with a “到”.

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 cóng dào
Structure：从 + A + 到 + B

Cóng Běi jīng dào Shàng hǎi xū yào zuò liǎng ge xiǎo shí de fēi jī.
Eg：从 北 京 到 上 海 需 要 坐 两 个 小 时 的 飞 机。
It takes two hours to fly from Beijing to Shanghai.

Cóng zǎo shàng dào xiàn zài wǒ hái méi chī guò dōng xi ne.
从 早 上 到 现 在 我 还 没 吃 过 东 西 呢。
I haven’t eaten anything since this morning.

The preposition“对”

duì
对 for
It is used to say which thing or person your statement or question is related to.
duì
Structure: Subject + 对 + Object + Verb/Adjective

Pǎo bù duì shēn tǐ hěn hǎo.

Eg：跑 步 对 身 体 很 好。
Running is good for your health.

Kàn zhōng wén diàn yǐng duì xué Hàn yǔ yǒu bāng zhù.
看 中 文 电 影 对 学 汉 语 有 帮 助。
Watching Chinese movies is helpful for learning Chinese.

The preposition “往”

wǎng
往 to, towards
It’s used to say where someone or something goes.
wǎng
Structure: 往 + direction + Verb
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 Cóng zhèr wǎng qián zǒu, jiù shì wǒ men xué xiào le.
Eg：从 这儿 往 前 走，就 是 我 们 学 校 了。
Go ahead, then you’ll see our school.

Nǐ kàn, wǎng zuǒ zǒu shì yī yuàn, wǎng yòu zǒu shì yín háng.
你 看， 往 左 走 是 医 院， 往 右 走 是 银 行。
Look, the hospital is on your left and the bank is on your right.

Grammar point 6

The“的”phrase

The “的” can be used after a pronoun, an adjective or a verb to form a phrase, which is
equivalent to a nominal phrase.

Zhè běn shū bú shì wǒ de.

Eg：这 本 书 不 是 我 的。
This book is not mine.

Zhè ge bēi zi shì zuó tiān mǎi de.

这 个 杯 子 是 昨 天 买 的。
This cup was bought yesterday.

Grammar point 7

Expressions of approximation

jǐ
1. 几 + Measure Words + Noun

The“几”indicates a small number of things or people, usually less than 10 and followed by a
measure word.

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 Chē shang yǒu jǐ ge rén.
Eg：车 上 有 几 个 人。
There are a few people in the car.

Wǒ xiǎng mǎi jǐ běn shū.

我 想 买 几 本 书。
I want to buy some books.

shí jǐ
“ 十 几 ”indicates a number greater than 10 but less than 20.

shí jǐ ge rén
Eg：十 几 个 人
more than ten people

jǐ shí

“ 几 十 ” indicates a number greater than 20 and less than 100.

jǐ shí ge rén
Eg：几 十 个 人
tens of people

duō
2. Number + Measure words + 多 + Noun

① When the number is less than 10, the“多” should be put after the measure word.

liǎng ge duō xīng qī

Eg：两 个 多 星 期
more than two weeks (less than three weeks)

wǔ ge duō yuè
五 个 多 月
more than five months (less than six months)

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 sān nián duō
三 年 多
more than three years (less than four years)

② When a number is more than 10, the“多”is put before the measure word. In this case,
“多”and“几”are interchangeable.

shí duō ge yuè shí jǐ ge yuè

Eg：十 多 个 月 = 十 几 个 月
more than ten months

liù shí duō kuài qián liù shí jǐ kuài qián

六 十 多 块 钱 = 六 十 几 块 钱
more than sixty dollars

bā shí duō ge rén bā shí jǐ ge rén

八 十 多 个 人 = 八 十 几 个 人
more than eighty people

Take note:
shí kuài duō shí duō kuài

十 块 多 ≠ 十 多 块

more than 10 dollars, less than 11 dollars more than 10 dollars, less than 20 dollars

Grammar point 8

State Complement

de
（1）Subject + Verb + 得 + Adjective

① It describes or evaluates the result, degree or state of an action.

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 Tā shuō de hěn hǎo.
Eg：他 说 得 很 好。
He spoke very well.

Wǒ qǐ de hěn zǎo.
我 起 得 很 早。
I get up early.

② If the verb takes an object, the verb can be reduplicated.

Tā (shuō) Hàn yǔ shuō de hěn hǎo.

Eg：他 （说） 汉 语 说 得 很 好。
He speaks Chinese very well.

Mèi mei (chàng) gē chàng de bú cuò.

妹 妹 （唱） 歌 唱 得 不 错。
My sister sings well.

de bù
（2）The negative form: Subject + Verb + 得 + 不 + Adjective

Tā shuō de bù hǎo.
Eg：他 说 得 不 好。
He didn't speak well.

Wǒ zhù de bù yuǎn.
我 住 得 不 远。
I don’t live far from here.

（3）The affirmative-negative question form:

de bù
Subject + Verb + 得 + Adjective + 不 + Adjective
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 Wǒ shuō de duì bu duì?
Eg：我 说 得 对 不 对？
What I said is right or not?

Nǐ zhù de yuǎn bu yuǎn?

你 住 得 远 不 远？
Do you live far from here?

Result Complement

Some verbs or adjectives can be used after a verb to add remarks about the result of an action.
They are called result complement.

（1）Subject+ Verb + Result Complement + Object +了

Wǒ kàn jiàn nǐ de mā ma le.

Eg：我 看 见 你 的 妈 妈 了。
I saw your mother.

Dà wèi zhǎo dào gōng zuò le.

大 卫 找 到 工 作 了。
David found a job.

Wǒ tīng dǒng jīn tiān de Hàn yǔ kè le.

我 听 懂 今 天 的 汉 语 课 了。
I understood today's Chinese class.

（2） The negative form: Subject +没（有）+ Verb + Result Complement + Object

Wǒ méi (yǒu) kàn jiàn nǐ de nǚ péng you.

Eg：我 没 （有）看 见 你 的 女 朋 友。
I didn't see your girlfriend.

Wǒ méi tīng dǒng tā shuō de huà.

我 没 听 懂 他 说 的 话。
I didn't understand what he said.
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 Wǒ méi zuò wán kǎo shì tí .
我 没 做 完 考 试 题。
I didn't finish the examination paper.

Frequency Complement“次”

When indicating the number of times that an action has taken place, you can use a“次”after
the predicate verb.

Wǒ men kàn guo liǎng cì diàn yǐng.

Eg：我 们 看 过 两 次 电 影。
We went to the movies twice.

Wǒ zài zhè ge shāng diàn mǎi guo yí cì dōng xi.

我 在 这 个 商 店 买 过 一 次 东 西。
I bought something at the shop once before.

Take note:
When the object is a place, you can also put“次”after the object .

Tā qù guo Běi jīng sān cì.

Eg：他 去 过 北 京 三 次。
Tā qù guo sān cì Běi jīng.
= 他 去 过 三 次 北 京。
He has been to Beijing three times.

Wǒ (shàng ge xīng qī) qù guo yī yuàn yí cì.

我（ 上 个 星 期）去 过 医 院 一 次。
Wǒ (shàng ge xīng qī) qù guo yí cì yī yuàn.
= 我（ 上 个 星 期）去 过 一 次 医 院。
I went to the hospital one time. (last week)

Take note:
When the object is a personal pronoun, the“次”must be put after the object.

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 Lǎo shī jiào guo wǒ liǎng cì.
Eg：老 师 叫 过 我 两 次。
The teacher called me twice.

Tā men wèn guo wǒ yí cì.

他 们 问 过 我 一 次。
They asked me one time.

Grammar point 9

Reduplication of Verbs

It indicates a short time, a small quantity, a slight degree or an attempt, conveying a relaxed
and light mood. It is often used in spoken Chinese.

（1）Reduplication of monosyllabic verbs: AA or A 一 A

shuō shuō shuo shuō yi shuō

说 —> 说 说 / 说 一 说 to say, to talk

tīng tīng ting tīng yi tīng

听 —> 听 听 / 听 一 听 have a listen

kàn kàn kan kàn yi kàn

看 —> 看 看 / 看 一 看 have a look

（2）Reduplication of disyllabic verbs: ABAB

xué xí xué xí xué xí

学 习 —> 学 习 学 习 to learn

zhǔn bèi zhǔn bèi zhǔn bèi

准 备 —> 准 备 准 备 to prepare

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 yùn dòng yùn dòng yùn dòng
运 动 —> 运 动 运 动 do sport

Reduplication of measure words

The structure: Subject + M.W.+ M.W.+ 都

It means “every/each”, emphasizing that a specific feature is shared by every member in a
certain group, usually followed by a “都”.

Tóng xué men gè gè dōu hěn gāo xìng.

Eg： 同 学 们 个 个 都 很 高 兴。
All the students are very happy.

Zhè ge shāng diàn de yī fu jiàn jiàn dōu hěn piào liang.

这 个 商 店 的 衣 服 件 件 都 很 漂 亮。
All clothes in this shop are very nice.

Grammar point 10

Numeral Classifier “一下”

yí xià
“一下”is used after a verb to indicate a short action, similar to the reduplication
of a verb.

Nǐ xiū xi yí xià ba. Nǐ xiū xi xiū xi ba.

Eg: 你 休息 一下 吧。 = 你 休 息 休 息 吧。
Have a rest, please.

Wǒ kàn yí xià zhè běn shū. Wǒ kàn kan zhè běn shū.
我 看 一 下 这 本 书。 = 我 看 看 这 本 书。
Let me have a look at the book.

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 Wǒ wèn yí xià lǎo shī. Wǒ wèn wen lǎo shī.
我 问 一 下 老 师。 = 我 问 问 老 师。
Let me ask my teacher.

Grammar point 11

Affirmative-negative questions

1. Verb + Not + Verb

2. Adjective + Not + Adjective

( in Chinese, we can also use the two structures to indicate a yes-no question. )

Nǐ chī bu chī píng guǒ?

Eg：你 吃 不 吃 苹 果？
Do you want to eat apples or not?

Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng kàn diàn yǐng?

你 想 不 想 看 电 影？
Do you want to watch a movie or not?

Grammar point 12

The sentence “比”

bǐ
1. A 比 B + Adj.

Gē ge bǐ jiě jie gāo.

Eg：哥 哥 比 姐姐 高。
My older brother is taller than my older sister.

Jīn tiān bǐ zuó tiān lěng.

今 天 比 昨 天 冷。
It is colder today than yesterday.
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 méi yǒu
2. The negative form: A 没 有 B + Adj.

Gē ge méi yǒu jiě jie gāo.

Eg：哥 哥 没 有 姐 姐 高。
My older brother isn’t taller than my older sister.

Jīn tiān méi yǒu zuó tiān lěng.

今 天 没 有 昨 天 冷。
It is not colder today than yesterday.

bǐ 一点儿
3. A 比 B + Adj.+ 得多
num.+ m.w.
The words indicating degree should be put after adjectives.

Gē ge bǐ jiě jie gāo yì diǎnr.

Eg：哥 哥 比 姐姐 高 一 点儿。
My brother is a little taller than my sister.

jīn tiān bǐ zuó tiān lěng de duō.

今 天 比 昨 天 冷 得 多。
It is much colder today than yesterday.

Xī guā bǐ píng guǒ guì sān kuài qián.

西 瓜 比 苹 果 贵 三 块 钱。
Watermelons are 3 yuan more expensive than apples.

bǐ de de bǐ
4. A 比 B + V.得 + Adj. <——> A + V.得 + 比 + B + Adj.

Tā bǐ wǒ xué de hǎo. Tā xué de bǐ wǒ hǎo.

Eg：他 比 我 学 得 好。 —> 他 学 得 比 我 好。
He learns better than me.
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 Jiě jie bǐ wǒ pǎo de kuài. Jiě jie pǎo de bǐ wǒ kuài.
姐 姐 比 我 跑 得 快。 —> 姐 姐 跑 得 比 我 快。
My sister runs faster than me.

Péng you bǐ wǒ chàng de hǎo. Péng you chàng de bǐ wǒ hǎo.

朋 友 比 我 唱 得 好。 —> 朋 友 唱 得 比 我 好。
My friend sings better than me.

Grammar point 13

Pivotal sentence

The predicate of a pivotal sentence has two verbs, the former one’s object is the latter one’s
subject. The former verb usually are these words like “请”,“让”,“叫”.

Wǒ qǐng nǐ chī fàn.

Eg：我 请 你 吃 饭。
Let me treat you to a dinner.

Nǐ ràng wǒ zài xiǎng xiang.

你 让 我 再 想 想。
Let me think about it.

Wǒ jiào rén qù kàn kan.

我 叫 人 去 看 看。
Let me send someone to check.

Grammar point 14

The rhetorical question

bú shì ma
不 是···吗
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It is often used to remind someone of something or to show confusion or dissatisfaction.

Bú shì shuō jīn tiān yǒu yǔ ma? Zěn me méi xià?

Eg：不 是 说 今 天 有 雨 吗？ 怎 么 没 下？
Didn’t it report that it would be rainy? Why doesn’t it rain?

Nǐ bú shì Běi jīng rén ma? Zěn me bú huì shuō Běi jīng huà?
你 不 是 北 京 人 吗？ 怎 么 不 会 说 北 京 话？
Aren’t you from Beijing? Why don’t you speak Beijing dialect?

Grammar point 15

The imperative sentence

bú yào le
不 要 + Verb（+Object）+ 了
bié le
别 + Verb（+ Object）+ 了

This sentence structure is used to dissuade or forbid somebody from doing something.

Bú yào wán (shǒu jī) le.

Eg：不 要 玩 （手 机）了。
Stop playing with your phone.

Bú yào kàn (diàn shì) le.

不 要 看（ 电 视 ）了。
Stop watching (TV).

Bié shuì (jiào) le.

别 睡 （觉）了。
Stop sleeping.

Bié chī ( qiǎo kè lì ) le.

别 吃（ 巧 克 力 ）了。
Stop eating (chocolates).
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