What is matter?

MATTER & ITS

PROPERTIES

Matter is anything that has MASS and

occupies SPACE. Everything on earth has
PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER
mass and takes up space.

ATOMS MOLECULES IONS

These are the These are particles

smallest unit of These are groups of that have gained or
matter that can’t be two or more atoms lost one or more of
broken down that are chemically their valence
chemically. bonded. electrons/s.

“ STATES OF MATTER

BOSE-EINSTEIN
Properties

Mass

Volume, Shape,
Solid

Definite mass

Fixed shape and

volume. They
No fixed shape
but have fixed
Liquid

Definite mass
Gas

Definite mass

No definite
shape and
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA CONDENSATES Rigidity volume. They volume. They
are rigid.
are less rigid. are not rigid.

”
On the basis of The space The particles They have a
kinetic theory- between can slip and very disorderly
intermolecular particles is very slide over each arrangement of
space less. other. particles.
 Properties Solid Liquid Gas
Force of attraction
between particles
On the basis if Force attraction
is strong enough
kinetic theory- between particles Can mix or diffuse
but not strong
force of is strong. Particles into other gases.
enough to hold the
attraction are closely packed
particles in a fixed
position.
Particles are free Particles move
to move around in with high speed in
On the basis of Particles vibrate
the liquid only. all directions and
kinetic theory- only about their
They can slip and exert pressure on
movement mean position.
slide over each the walls of the
other. container.

Plasma is a state of matter not How does matter change from one phase
commonly found here on Earth
but is relatively abundant to another?
everywhere else in the
universe.

MARS
Bose-Einstein condensate are Despite being
produced when matter is
red, Mars is
cooled to extremely low
temperatures. actually a cold
place

Terminologies related to Phase Change

 Melting involves the conversion of a solid to a liquid.

 Freezing is the process when a liquid turns to a solid.

 Vaporization (Boiling) is the conversion of a liquid into a gas.

 Condensation involves the cooling of gas particles.

 Sublimation happens when solids are converted to gas

directly without passing the liquid state.

 Deposition happens when the gas transforms directly into a

solid without having to go through the liquid state.
 Terminologies related to Properties of Matter
Matter can change physically or chemically
 Physical Properties are those that can be
measured without having to change the identity of
the substance through chemical change.
 Extensive Physical Properties depends on the
amount of matter or substance that is being
measured.
 Intensive Physical Properties are inherent in the
substance itself regardless of its quantity.
 Chemical Properties are those that can only
be determined by making a substance react
with another.

Classification of Matter
Terminologies on Changes in Matter

 Physical
1
change when matter
undergoes physical change, its physical
properties such as size, color, density,
and mass become different, but its
chemical properties remain the same.
 Chemical change are those that
transform the chemical identity of matter
through chemical reaction.

Terminologies: Classification Matter

Terminologies: Classification Matter
Pure substance - type of matter of definite composition but
whose components cannot be separated through physical
methods. Homogeneous mixture class of matter which has
components that cannot be distinguished from each other
Element - type of pure substances made up of only one kind by the naked eye.
of atom.
Heterogeneous mixture class of matter which has
Compound - type of pure substances made up of components that can be easily distinguished from one another,
combinations of elements. even by the naked eye.

Mixture – a class of matter that has components that can be

separated through physical method.
 Methods of Separation  Decantation
In the laboratory, the process of
 Distillation pouring away a liquid while leaving a
A method of separating mixtures based on
solid (often a sediment) behind.
differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid
mixture. The components in a sample mixture  Evaporation
are vaporized by the application of heat and This separation technique separates a
then immediately cooled by the action of cold mixture by allowing the liquid to evaporate
water in a condenser. and the solid particles will remain in the
evaporating dish

 Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography is a  Filtration
Filtration is technically defined as the process of
chromatography technique used to Residue
separating suspended solid matter from a liquid,
separate mixture of chemical substances by causing the latter to pass through the pores
into its individual compounds. Filtrate
of a membrane, called a filter paper.

 Magnetic separation
 Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly
Magnetic separation is the process of separating
from the solid phase to the gas phase without
components of mixtures by using magnets to attract
passing through the intermediate liquid phase
magnetic materials.

 Separatory funnel
 Crystallization A separatory funnel, also known as a separation funnel,
Crystallization is defined as a process by which a separating funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware
chemical is converted from a liquid solution into a solid used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate the
crystalline state. components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent Oil
phases of different densities. Colored water

 Electrolysis
Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances
are decomposed (broken down) into simpler
substances when an electric current is passed through
them.

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