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Structures_Session_3

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13 views

Structures_Session_3

Uploaded by

Deepika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM

STRUCTURES
Definition, Declaration, accessing structures, initialization, operations on structures, structures containing
arrays, structures containing pointers, nested structures, self-referential structures, arrays of structures,
structures and functions, structures and pointers.

Structure within a Structure


✓ Nested structure in C is nothing but structure within structure. One structure can be declared
inside other structure as we declare structure members inside a structure.
✓ The structure variables can be a normal structure variable or a pointer variable to access the data.
✓ This program explains how to use structure within structure in C using normal variable.
“student_college_detail’ structure is declared inside “student_detail” structure in this program.
Both structure variables are normal structure variables.
✓ Please note that members of “student_college_detail” structure are accessed by 2 dot(.) operator
and members of “student_detail” structure are accessed by single dot(.) operator.
Sample Program 1: Structure within Structure / Nested Structures
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student_college_detail
{
int college_id;
char college_name[50];
};
struct student_detail
{
int id;
char name[20];
float percentage;
// structure within structure
struct student_college_detail clg_data;
}stu_data;

int main()
{
struct student_detail stu_data = {1, "Raju",90.5, 71145,"GITAM
University"};
printf(" Id is: %d \n", stu_data.id);
printf(" Name is: %s \n", stu_data.name);
printf(" Percentage is:%f\n\n",stu_data.percentage);
printf(" College Id is: %d \n", stu_data.clg_data.college_id);
printf(" College Name is: %s \n",stu_data.clg_data.college_name);
return 0;
}

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
OUTPUT:
Id is: 1
Name is: Raju
Percentage is: 90.500000
College Id is: 71145
College Name is: GITAM University

Sample Program 2 Nested structure


#include<stdio.h>
struct Address
{
char HouseNo[25];
char City[25];
char PinCode[25];

};
struct Employee
{
int Id;
char Name[25];
float Salary;
struct Address Add;
};
void main()
{
int i;
struct Employee E;
printf("\n\tEnter Employee Id : ");
scanf("%d",&E.Id);
printf("\n\tEnter Employee Name : ");
scanf("%s",&E.Name);
printf("\n\tEnter Employee Salary : ");
scanf("%f",&E.Salary);
printf("\n\tEnter Employee House No : ");
scanf("%s",&E.Add.HouseNo);
printf("\n\tEnter Employee City : ");
scanf("%s",&E.Add.City);
printf("\n\tEnter Employee House No : ");
scanf("%s",&E.Add.PinCode);
printf("\nDetails of Employees");
printf("\n\tEmployee Id : %d",E.Id);
printf("\n\tEmployee Name : %s",E.Name);
printf("\n\tEmployee Salary : %f",E.Salary);
printf("\n\tEmployeeHouseNo : %s",E.Add.HouseNo);
printf("\n\tEmployee City : %s",E.Add.City);
printf("\n\tEmployeeHouseNo : %s",E.Add.PinCode);
}
Output :
Enter Employee Id : 101
Enter Employee Name : Suresh
Enter Employee Salary : 45000
Enter Employee House No : 4598/D

2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
Enter Employee City : Delhi
Enter Employee Pin Code : 110056

Details of Employees
Employee Id : 101
Employee Name : Suresh
Employee Salary : 45000
Employee House No : 4598/D
Employee City : Delhi
Employee Pin Code : 110056

Structures Containing Pointers:


✓ A pointer could be a member of structure, but you should be careful before creating the pointer
as a member of structure in C.
✓ Generally, we take a pointer as a member when we don’t know the length of the data which need
to store.
Example:
struct Employee
{
int Id;
char *Name;
float Salary;
struct Address Add;
};
✓ The structure pointer points to the address of a memory block where the Structure is being
stored.
✓ Like a pointer that tells the address of another variable of any data type (int, char, float) in
memory. And here, we use a structure pointer which tells the address of a structure in memory by
pointing pointer variable ptr to the structure variable.
Syntax:
struct structure_name *ptr = &structure_variable;
Access Structure member using pointer:
There are two ways to access the member of the structure using Structure pointer:
✓ Using ( * ) asterisk or indirection operator and dot ( . ) operator.
✓ Using arrow ( -> ) operator or membership operator.
Sample Program (Accessing using * operator):
#include <stdio.h>
// create a structure Subject using the struct keyword
struct Subject
{
// declare the member of the Course structure
char sub_name[30];

3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
int sub_id;
char sub_duration[50];
char sub_type[50];
};
int main()
{
struct Subject sub; // declare the Subject variable
struct Subject *ptr; // create a pointer variable (*ptr)
ptr = &sub; /* ptr variable pointing to the address of the structure
variable sub */

strcpy (sub.sub_name, " Computer Science");


sub.sub_id = 1201;
strcpy (sub.sub_duration, "6 Months");
strcpy (sub.sub_type, " Multiple Choice Question");

// print the details of the Subject;


printf (" Subject Name: %s\t ", (*ptr).sub_name);
printf (" \n Subject Id: %d\t ", (*ptr).sub_id);
printf (" \n Duration of the Subject: %s\t ", (*ptr).sub_duration);
printf (" \n Type of the Subject: %s\t ", (*ptr).sub_type);
return 0;
}
Sample Program (Accessing using -> operator):
#include <stdio.h>

// create Employee structure


struct Employee
{
// define the member of the structure
char name[30];
int id;
int age;
char gender[30];
char city[40];
};

// define the variables of the Structure with pointers


struct Employee emp1, emp2, *ptr1, *ptr2;

int main()
{
// store the address of the emp1 and emp2 structure variable
ptr1 = &emp1;
ptr2 = &emp2;

printf (" Enter the name of the Employee (emp1): ");


scanf (" %s", &ptr1->name);

printf (" Enter the id of the Employee (emp1): ");


scanf (" %d", &ptr1->id);
printf (" Enter the age of the Employee (emp1): ");

4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Problem Solving and Programming with C GITAM
scanf (" %d", &ptr1->age);
printf (" Enter the gender of the Employee (emp1): ");
scanf (" %s", &ptr1->gender);
printf (" Enter the city of the Employee (emp1): ");
scanf (" %s", &ptr1->city);

printf (" \n Second Employee: \n");


printf (" Enter the name of the Employee (emp2): ");
scanf (" %s", &ptr2->name);

printf (" Enter the id of the Employee (emp2): ");


scanf (" %d", &ptr2->id);
printf (" Enter the age of the Employee (emp2): ");
scanf (" %d", &ptr2->age);
printf (" Enter the gender of the Employee (emp2): ");
scanf (" %s", &ptr2->gender);
printf (" Enter the city of the Employee (emp2): ");
scanf (" %s", &ptr2->city);

printf ("\n Display the Details of the Employee using Structure Pointer");
printf ("\n Details of the Employee (emp1) \n");
printf(" Name: %s\n", ptr1->name);
printf(" Id: %d\n", ptr1->id);
printf(" Age: %d\n", ptr1->age);
printf(" Gender: %s\n", ptr1->gender);
printf(" City: %s\n", ptr1->city);

printf ("\n Details of the Employee (emp2) \n");


printf(" Name: %s\n", ptr2->name);
printf(" Id: %d\n", ptr2->id);
printf(" Age: %d\n", ptr2->age);
printf(" Gender: %s\n", ptr2->gender);
printf(" City: %s\n", ptr2->city);
return 0;
}

5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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