1.

0: Airport System Simulation Documentation

“DOCUMENTATION OF AIRPORT SIMULATION”

Date: 8/1/2024

Software:

Anylogic Version:

8.8.6

Table of Contents

1. Abstract………………………………………………………………….….3
2. Related Work…………………………………………………………….…3
2.1: SIMMOD (Simulation Model for Airport Design and Operations)…....3
2.2: CAST Terminal Simulation Tool…………………………………….....3
2.3: ACI-ICAO Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM)………..3
2.4 PRM-Sim………………………………………………………………...4
2.5 AirTOp………………………………………………………………......4
2.6 Airport Simulation Studies by Academic Institutions……………….......4
3. Motivation…………………………………………………………………..4
3.1 Problem……………………………………………………………….....4
3.2 Problem……………………………………………………………….....5
3.3 Problem……………………………………………………………….....5
3.4 Problem……………………………………………………………….....6
3.5 Problem……………………………………………………………….....6
3.6 Problem……………………………………………………………….....6
3.7 Problem……………………………………………………………….....7
4. Model Architecture…………………………………………………….......8
4.1 Taxi Stand…………………………………………………………….....8
4.2 Baggage handling belts……………………………………………….....8
4.3 Check-In Spaces………………………………..…………………….....8
4.4 Screening Points …………………………………………..………….....9
4.5 Waiting Area………………………………………………………….....9
4.6 Gates………………………………………………………………….....9
4.7 Parking Area………………………………………………………….....9
4.8 Runway……………………………………………………………….....9
5. Experimental Setup……………………………………………..………...10

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5.1 Airport Information…………………………………………………….10

5.2 Passenger Flow logic…………………………………………………...10
6. Validation and Verification……………………………………………....10
7. Result………………………………………………………………………11
8. Discussion………………………………………………………………….11
9. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………11

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1. Abstract
This airport simulation project aims to create a comprehensive and dynamic model to
simulate various aspects of airport operations. Leveraging the power of AnyLogic, the
simulation integrates discrete event, agent-based, and system dynamics modeling
methodologies to provide a holistic representation of airport processes. The simulation
encompasses key elements such as passenger flows, baggage handling, aircraft
movements, security protocols, and resource utilization. By employing advanced
modeling techniques, the project aims to analyze and optimize airport operations,
enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions for enhancing efficiency, safety, and
overall passenger experience. The simulation is designed to be a versatile tool for
evaluating the impact of different scenarios, such as changes in passenger demand,
alterations to infrastructure, or adjustments to operational procedures. Through this
project, we aspire to contribute to the advancement of airport management strategies,
offering a valuable platform for decision-makers to navigate the complexities of modern
airport environments.
2. Related Work
Several studies and projects related to airport simulation have been conducted in the past,
each focusing on different aspects of airport operations. Here are a few notable examples:
2.1 SIMMOD (Simulation Model for Airport Design and Operations)
Developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), SIMMOD is a widely
used simulation tool for evaluating airport capacity and performance. It helps
assess the impact of changes in airport layout, air traffic control procedures, and
other variables on overall efficiency.

2.2 CAST Terminal Simulation Tool

The Common ARTS (Aviation RT Simulation) Terminal Simulation Tool,
developed by EUROCONTROL, focuses on terminal operations. It simulates
passenger and baggage flows, aircraft movements, and gate assignments, helping
to optimize terminal layouts and resource allocation.

2.3 ACI-ICAO Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM)

The Airports Council International (ACI) and the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) have collaborated on the A-CDM initiative. It emphasizes
improving the flow of information between airport stakeholders to enhance
overall efficiency, minimize delays, and optimize resource utilization.

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2.4 PRM-Sim
PRM-Sim is a simulation tool designed specifically for assessing the accessibility
and efficiency of airport Passenger Reduced Mobility (PRM) services. It helps
airports understand the impact of various service configurations on the experience of
passengers with reduced mobility.

2.5 AirTOp
AirTOp is a comprehensive air traffic flow and capacity management system that
includes simulation capabilities. It helps airports and air navigation service providers
optimize airspace and runway capacity, manage traffic flows, and predict congestion.

2.6 Airport Simulation Studies by Academic Institutions

Numerous academic institutions worldwide have undertaken research projects to
simulate and analyze various aspects of airport operations. These studies often
contribute valuable insights into areas such as security screening optimization,
passenger flow dynamics, and environmental impact assessments.
These examples represent a subset of the diverse range of airport simulation work
conducted globally. They demonstrate the importance of simulation tools in enhancing
airport operations, improving efficiency, and addressing the complex challenges faced by
the aviation industry.
3. Motivation
Problem 3.1

Inefficient Passenger Check-in Process

The current check-in process at the airport is characterized by long queues and delays,
leading to a suboptimal passenger experience. Inefficiencies in staff allocation, counter
availability, and technology integration contribute to the challenges faced during check-
in.
Solution
To address the prevalent challenges in the current airport check-in process, a strategic
solution has been proposed, involving the implementation of two dedicated check-in
spaces, each equipped with five counters. This redesign aims to alleviate the persistent
issues of long queues and delays by optimizing staff allocation, counter availability, and
technology integration. The introduction of multiple counters in each space is designed to
enhance operational efficiency, ensuring a smoother and faster check-in experience for
passengers. By strategically organizing the check-in spaces and streamlining the process
through advanced technology integration, this proposal seeks to significantly improve

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overall passenger satisfaction and mitigate the current shortcomings associated with the
check-in procedures at the airport.

Problem 3.2

Congestion and Delays at Security Screening Checkpoints

Security screening checkpoints often experience congestion, leading to delays,
heightened stress levels, and potential security risks. The inefficiencies in allocating
security lanes, unpredictable passenger flow, and outdated screening technologies
exacerbate the problem.
Solution
To alleviate congestion and mitigate delays at security screening checkpoints, a
comprehensive solution has been devised by introducing seven screening points equipped
with both metal detectors and X-ray scanners. This strategic enhancement is designed to
significantly expedite the screening process, allowing for a more efficient flow of
passengers through the security checkpoints. The integration of multiple screening points,
each equipped with advanced technology such as metal detectors and X-ray scanners, not
only enhances the thoroughness of security checks but also distributes the passenger load
effectively, reducing bottlenecks. This proactive approach aims to address the challenges
associated with congestion and delays, ensuring a more expeditious and secure screening
experience for travelers while maintaining the highest standards of safety and compliance
with security protocols.
Problem 3.3
Ineffective Baggage Handling Process
The current baggage handling process experiences delays and inconsistencies, leading to
misplaced or delayed luggage. Inefficiencies in the baggage system can result in
increased operational costs and negatively impact passenger satisfaction.
Solution
To tackle the inefficiencies in the current baggage handling process, a targeted solution
has been devised, involving the assignment of a dedicated officer and office worker to
each baggage drop belt. This strategic allocation aims to streamline and optimize the
baggage handling operations by ensuring consistent supervision and administrative
support. The appointed officer will be responsible for overseeing the seamless
functioning of the baggage drop process, addressing any issues promptly, and
maintaining a smooth flow of operations. Simultaneously, the office worker will
contribute to administrative tasks, facilitating communication and coordination among
various stakeholders. This collaborative approach not only enhances the efficiency of the
baggage handling process but also promotes effective problem resolution and
communication, ultimately leading to an improved overall experience for passengers and
reducing delays associated with baggage handling.
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Problem 3.4

Inadequate Delay Management Strategies

The airport faces challenges in effectively managing and mitigating delays caused by
external factors such as adverse weather conditions, air traffic control issues, and aircraft
turnaround delays. It causes long layovers.
Solution
To effectively address the issue of inadequate delay management strategies leading to
prolonged layovers, a strategic solution has been implemented by introducing enhanced
amenities in the waiting area. This includes the establishment of cafes, sleeping rooms,
and additional sitting areas. The incorporation of these facilities aims to provide
passengers with diverse options to comfortably spend their extended layover periods. The
presence of cafes allows travelers to access refreshments and meals, while dedicated
sleeping rooms offer a quiet and restful environment for those who wish to catch up on
sleep during extended waiting times. Additionally, the expanded sitting areas provide
passengers with more space to relax and engage in various activities, mitigating the
negative impact of long layovers and contributing to an overall improved passenger
experience at the airport.
Problem 3.5
Ineffective Terminal Layout and Flow Management
The existing terminal layout leads to congestion, difficulties in wayfinding, and
inefficient passenger flow. Poorly designed gate assignments and inadequate space
utilization contribute to operational challenges.
Solution
To address the challenges posed by an ineffective terminal layout and flow management,
a strategic solution has been devised by optimizing the use of a spacious area capable of
accommodating four aircraft. The reconfiguration involves a thoughtful redesign of the
terminal layout to enhance the efficiency of aircraft movement and passenger flow. By
strategically positioning aircraft within the expansive area, we aim to reduce congestion,
streamline boarding and disembarkation processes, and improve overall terminal
navigation. This solution not only maximizes the utilization of available space but also
contributes to a more organized and seamless airport experience for both passengers and
airline operations. The reimagined layout focuses on enhancing flow management,
ensuring efficient utilization of resources, and ultimately addressing the challenges
associated with the current ineffective terminal configuration.
Problem 3.6
Inadequate Financial Services in Airport Waiting Area
The waiting area at the airport is plagued by a lack of convenient and accessible financial
services, causing inconvenience for passengers who may need to access cash or banking

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facilities during their travels. This deficit in financial amenities results in a suboptimal
passenger experience and can lead to unnecessary stress and delays, particularly for those
who require immediate financial transactions or services.
Solution
To mitigate the inconvenience caused by the absence of financial services in the waiting
area, a strategic solution has been implemented through the introduction of ATMs. These
Automated Teller Machines are strategically placed within the waiting area, providing
passengers with easy access to cash and basic banking services. The ATMs aim to
enhance the overall passenger experience by offering a convenient and efficient means
for travelers to conduct financial transactions, such as withdrawing cash or checking
account balances, without the need to leave the airport premises. This proactive measure
aligns with the goal of providing comprehensive amenities to passengers, addressing their
financial needs and contributing to a more comfortable and hassle-free airport experience.
Problem 3.7
Inefficient Taxi Point Accessibility at the Airport
The current setup at the airport lacks efficient accessibility to the taxi point, resulting in
challenges for passengers seeking convenient and prompt transportation upon arrival.
Inadequate signage, unclear directions, and suboptimal infrastructure contribute to a less-
than-optimal experience for travelers, potentially leading to confusion and delays in
securing taxi services.
Solution
To address the inefficiencies in taxi point accessibility, a strategic solution involves the
implementation of clear and prominent signage, improved infrastructure, and enhanced
directional guidance within the airport premises. This comprehensive approach aims to
streamline the process for passengers, ensuring easy navigation to the designated taxi
point. By incorporating user-friendly elements and optimizing the physical layout, the
airport seeks to provide a more seamless and hassle-free experience for travelers in need
of taxi services.

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4. Model Architecture:

4.1 Taxi Stand

Purpose: Facilitates convenient access to taxi services for arriving and departing passengers.

Implementation: A designated area with clear signage and efficient traffic flow management.

4.2 Baggage Handling Belts

Configuration: Two belts, each staffed by one officer and one office worker.

Objective: Streamlines the baggage handling process with dedicated personnel for supervision
and administrative support.

4.3 Check-In Spaces

Structure: Two designated spaces, each equipped with 5 counters.

Goal: Enhances efficiency by optimizing staff allocation and technological integration for a
smoother check-in experience.

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4.4 Screening Points

Number: Seven points equipped with metal detectors and X-ray scanners.

Purpose: Expedites the security screening process, ensuring thorough checks and minimizing
delays.

4.5 Waiting Area

Amenities: Includes cafes, sleeping rooms, sitting areas, and an ATM machine.

Objective: Enhances passenger comfort during waiting periods, offering diverse facilities for
relaxation and convenience.

4.6 Gates

Quantity: Two gates, each manned by two workers.

Functionality: Workers handle gate operations, including boarding, passenger assistance, and
information dissemination.

4.7 Parking Area

Location: Designated space for parking vehicles, providing convenience for passengers and
airport staff.

4.8 Runway

Capacity: Accommodates four aircraft comfortably.

Significance: Essential for aircraft movements, take-offs, and landings, ensuring efficient air
traffic management.

In summary, the airport model architecture comprises various components meticulously designed
to optimize passenger experience, operational efficiency, and overall functionality. Each element
serves a specific purpose in contributing to the seamless functioning of the airport, from check-in
and security screening to waiting areas and aircraft operations on the runway.

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5. Experimental Setup
5.1 Airport Information
Walls are inserted from the space markup in the palette menu and car, bus, taxi and
coach are selected from the traffic library from the palette menu, security check in
machines are inserted from 3d palette, workers and people are inserted from the 3d
palette, services queues from pedestrian library.
5.2 Passenger Flow logic
By implementing passenger flow logic, we can define the entry and exit point of the
passengers.

The passenger flow logic within the airport model is systematically designed to optimize
the traveler's journey. Upon arrival, passengers commence by depositing their luggage on
either Baggage Belt 1 or Baggage Belt 2. Subsequently, they proceed to the Check-In
Counters 1 or 2 for the necessary documentation and seat allocation. Following the
check-in process, passengers undergo security screening at the designated checkpoints.
For those requiring access to the ATM machine, they are directed to this facility before
progressing to the waiting area. If the anticipated waiting time is between 1-2 hours,
passengers are encouraged to relax in the cafe. In cases of extended layovers ranging
from 4-10 hours, the waiting time is best spent in the sleeping rooms. Alternatively, for
waiting periods spanning 15-45 minutes, passengers are directed to the sitting area. Based
on their class (business or economy) and the departure time information retrieved from
the database, passengers proceed to Gate 1 or Gate 2 for boarding, ensuring a systematic
and efficient flow throughout their airport experience.
6. Validation and Verification:
The airport simulation model underwent a rigorous process of validation and
verification to ensure its accuracy and reliability. Validation involved comparing the
simulation results with real-world airport data obtained from several intersections within
the study area. Parameters such as passenger count and queue lengths measured and used
to validate corresponding outputs from the simulation model. Verification, on the other
hand, involved a comparison with existing validated airport models.

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7. Result
The results of the airport simulation model reveal valuable insights into the operational
dynamics of the airport environment. Through meticulous scenario testing and validation,
the model successfully replicated various real-world conditions, providing a
comprehensive understanding of passenger flows, resource utilization, and overall system
efficiency. The simulation results showcase the impact of different scenarios on key
performance metrics, including passenger wait times, throughput, and the effectiveness of
security and customs procedures. Statistical analyses and comparisons with historical
data validate the model's accuracy, reinforcing its reliability as a tool for decision-making
in airport management. The findings contribute valuable information for optimizing
airport operations, infrastructure planning, and enhancing the overall passenger
experience. Additionally, the simulation results highlight areas for potential
improvements and further optimization, offering actionable insights for stakeholders in
the aviation industry.
8. Discussion
The discussion of the airport simulation model revolves around the comprehensive
evaluation of its performance and implications. The model's ability to emulate real-world
airport operations is evident through the alignment of simulation outputs with historical
data, stakeholder feedback, and expert opinions. The validation process, including
comparisons with actual airport metrics and on-site observations, has affirmed the
model's credibility. Additionally, scenario testing under varying conditions substantiates
its adaptability and responsiveness to dynamic operational scenarios. The verification
steps, such as logic consistency checks, unit testing, and peer review, have collectively
fortified the model's robustness and accuracy. This discussion also delves into the
limitations encountered during the simulation, emphasizing areas for potential
improvement and refinement in future iterations. The insights derived from the
simulation results contribute valuable considerations for optimizing airport processes,
enhancing passenger experience, and informing strategic decision-making within the
aviation industry.
9. Conclusion
In conclusion, the development and validation of the airport simulation model have
provided valuable insights into the complexities of airport operations. By leveraging a
multi-method approach, integrating discrete event, agent-based, and system dynamics
modeling, the simulation has successfully captured the intricate interplay of various
elements within the airport environment. The validation process, involving comparisons
with historical data, expert feedback, on-site observations, and scenario testing, has
affirmed the model's accuracy and reliability. Through comprehensive verification steps,
including logic consistency checks, unit testing, code inspection, and peer review, the
model's robustness has been thoroughly examined. The simulation's ability to replicate

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real-world scenarios, coupled with its responsiveness to diverse operational conditions,

positions it as a powerful tool for decision-makers in the aviation industry. As the airport
simulation model accurately mirrors the complexities and dynamics of an actual airport,
it stands poised to contribute significantly to the optimization of airport processes,
resource utilization, and overall passenger experience.

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