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What Is IP Address

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23 views3 pages

What Is IP Address

Uploaded by

Dennis Hope R. Directo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is an IP address?

An IP address is a unique string of (often randomized) numbers assigned to


an individual computer or local network. It's typically used as an identifier to
collect, send, and share information from one location to the next. IP
addresses contain multiple numbers that are separated by periods. An
example of an IP address may include:

192.158.1.282 or 182.111.5.222

IP addresses typically range from 0 to 255, meaning any digit used in an IP


address is valid as long as it's over 0 and below 255.

IP addresses are generated automatically using an integrated algorithm by


IANA, also known as the Internet of Assigned Numbers Authority. IANA is a
part of ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), a
well-known organization to anyone who has ever purchased a domain name
or invested in building a website of their own.

IP addresses often contain 2 parts:

 Network ID: The network ID is a portion of an IP address that is used


to designate a specific network or host. This section of the IP address
is typically found towards the beginning of an IP address.

 Host ID: The host ID is another portion of an IP address used to


identify a specific IP/TCP network. A host ID is found after a network ID
and can be used in conjunction with class identifiers and to create
default subnet masks as needed.

How are IP addresses assigned?


Because the ISP is responsible for permitting users online, they're also
responsible for assigning and managing the IP addresses of customers.
When using domain registrars to create a new website, your web host will
also be given a specific IP address.

IP Classes

With IP addresses, specific classes are used to designate the type of IP


address visible to any network or individual. Currently, there are 5 IP classes
in total: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E. The IP classes are
defined as follows:

 Class A: Large networks or entire ISP networks


 Class B: Medium to large corporate organizations as well as more
extensive networks or companies
 Class C: Used for those on smaller networks or ISPs
 Class D: Often used for those interested in multicasting
 Class E: Typically reserved for experimental casting or use as well as
for reserved addresses based on the ISP

In addition to labeling the IP addresses with a class, the numbers chosen for
each IP address can easily indicate what class the IP address falls within. For
example:

 Class A IP addresses range from 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255


 Class B IP addresses range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
 Class C IP addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

 Class C IP addresses are often the most commonly found IP


addresses in home and small business IP addresses

 Class D IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255


 Class E IP addresses range from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

Types of IP addresses

How an IP address works will greatly depend on the type of IP address


currently active or used. There are four major types of IP addresses, including:

 Public IP Address: A public IP address is the IP address that's visible to anyone connected to
the same network. It's visible to the public and easily accessible.
 Private IP Address: A private IP address is the specific IP address attached to the devices
throughout your home or business where a private network is in use.
 Static IP Address: Static IP addresses are IP addresses that don't change. Static IP addresses
are assigned by network administrators and can only be updated manually. This is a useful
solution for devices that are not constantly changing or logging on and off throughout the
day or for equipment that'll be used for years.
 Dynamic IP Address: Dynamic IP addresses can frequently change since they're automatically
generated and assigned using a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Dynamic IP
addresses change each time they're connected to the web. However, they have origin IP
addresses that can be traced, tracked, and monitored across numerous devices and
computers.

A network ID or NetID is the fragment of IP address that classifies the network for a
specified host i.e., it tells us which network the host belongs to, generally comprised
of one to up to four octets in dotted-decimal representation.

In dotted-decimal representation, an IP address is divided into four octets, and


based on which class the IP address belongs to its octets are further divided into
network ID and HOST ID.
For Class A first octet represents network ID as the prefix of the first octet is 0, it
uses the remaining 7 bits for network ID, for Class B first and second octets
represent network ID the prefix for class B is 10 so it uses the remaining 14 bits for
network ID, for Class C first, second and third octet represents network ID the
prefix of class C is 110 so it uses the remaining 21 bits for network ID, Class D, and
Class E are reserved.

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