Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

Analysis of Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier and performance parameters in MATLAB

Simulink

1 Objectives
The goals of this lab are:
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 To develop an understanding for the behavior of full wave rectifier with R, L loads, RL
and RLE loads in SimPowerSystem and Simulink
 to understand the different performance in full wave rectifier
 To understand mathematical modeling of these circuits in MATLAB Simulink directly and
also by using tools.

2 Theory
MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory) is a software package that is widely used in engineering design.
Simulink is a graphical front end to MATLAB that allows you to easily create models of dynamical
systems in form of block diagrams. In this lab, you will learn how to construct different
representations of the model of a simple RL, RC and LC circuits and simulate their behavior.
This lab focuses on the use of MATLAB as a tool in power and electronics circuits design. If you
have never been exposed to MATLAB before, please consult one of the many introductory
resources available online. You will mainly be using the MATLAB Control System Toolbox. A
great way to get started with the toolbox is to run the demo. This is done by typing
demo(’toolbox’,’control’) at the MATLAB prompt. One great thing about MATLAB is its
comprehensive and easy-to-use documentation. Make use of it!

3 pre lab
3.1 Readings:
Please read the following documents before the lab: “Lab
Policies” handout
“Useful MATLAB Commands” handout “Common
Simulink Components” handout

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

Power Electronics Lab Lab #:04

There are two types of full wave rectifiers which will be covered in this lab

a) Centered tapped type full wave rectifier b) bridge type full wave rectifier
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3.2 Centered Tapped Type Full Wave Rectifier
In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one for each half of the cycle. A multiple
winding transformer is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a
common center tapped connection, (C). This configuration results in each diode conducting in turn
when its anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer center point C producing an
output during both half-cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier so it is 100% efficient as shown
below.

3.3 Centered Tapped Full Wave Rectifier Circuit

Figure 4.1 Full wave rectifier (center tapped transformer i.e., CTt/f) wit R load

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with respect to point C, diode D2
conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction
for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two
waveforms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a “bi-phase” circuit.

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

Power Electronics Lab Lab #:04

3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Half wave rectifier

 The main disadvantage of this type of full wave rectifier circuit is that a larger transformer
for a given power output is required with two separate but identical secondary windings
making this type of full wave rectifying circuit costly compared to the “Full Wave Bridge
Rectifier” circuit equivalent.

3.5 The Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Another type of circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit
above, is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier. This type of single phase rectifier uses four
individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop “bridge” configuration to produce the
desired output.
The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special center tapped
transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost. The single secondary winding is connected to one
side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side as shown below.

Figure 4.2 Full wave rectifier (bridge type) wit R load

The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with only two diodes conducting
current during each half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2
conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load
as shown below
1.1 The Positive Half-cycle

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

Power Electronics Lab Lab #:04

Figure 4.3 Full wave rectifier (bridge type) wit R load for positive half cycle

During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in series, but diodes D1
and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the
same direction as before.
1.2 The Negative Half-cycle

Figure 4.4 Full wave rectifier (bridge type) wit R load for negative half cycle
As the current flowing through the load is unidirectional, so the voltage developed across the load
is also unidirectional the same as for the previous two diode full- wave rectifier, therefore the
average DC voltage across the load is 0.637Vmax.

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

3.6 Full Wave Rectifier with Capacitor Filter

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Figure 4.5 Full wave rectifier (bridge type) with capacitive filter
The smoothing capacitor converts the full-wave rippled output of the rectifier into a smoother
DC output voltage.

1.3 Performance parameters of full wave rectifier

1) Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV)

Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) rating of a diode is important in its design stages. It is the
maximum voltage that the rectifying diode has to withstand, during the reversely biased
period.

When the diode is reverse biased, during the negative half cycle, there will be no current
flow through the load resistor RL. Hence, there will be no voltage drop through the load
resistance RL which causes the entire input voltage to appear across the diode. Thus
VSMAX, the peak secondary voltage, appears across the diode. Therefore,

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) of half wave rectifier = 2VSMAX

2) Average output current

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𝐼𝑀 sin 𝜃 , 0<𝜃<𝜋
𝐼0 = {

so
𝑇
1
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = ∫ 𝐼0 𝑑𝜃
𝑇
0
2𝜋
1
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = ∫ 𝐼0 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋
0
2𝜋
1
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = ∫ 𝐼𝑀 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋
0

2𝜋
𝐼𝑀
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = ∫ sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2𝜋
0

𝐼𝑀
𝐼𝐷𝐶 = [− cos 𝜃|2𝜋
0 ]
2𝜋

2𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑑𝑐 = 𝜋
………. (1)

3) Output RMS current

2𝜋 2
1
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ (∫ 𝐼𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃 )
2𝜋 0

𝑰𝒎
𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = …....... (2)
√𝟐

4) Output dc voltage
as

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

𝑣𝑑𝑐 = 𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑅𝐿
put value of 𝐼𝑑𝑐 we get
2𝑣𝑚
𝑣𝑑𝑐 = ……… (3)
𝜋

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5) Efficiency
𝑃𝑑𝑐
𝜂=
𝑃𝑎𝑐

𝑖𝑑𝑐 2 𝑅𝐿
𝜂=
𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑠 2 𝑅𝐿

𝜂 = 80.6% ……... (4)

6) Ripple factor
𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑟=
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑐 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

𝑖𝑎𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑟=
𝑖𝑑𝑐

𝑖 2
𝑟 = √ 𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑠2 − 1 ……… (5
𝑑𝑐

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

2 Lab
2.1 Center Tapped Full wave Rectifier circuit in SimPowerSystem

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Figure 4.6 Full wave rectifier (center tapped transformer i.e., CTt/f) wit R load

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

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Figure 4.7 Full wave rectifier performance parameters (CTt/f)

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

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Figure 4.8 Full wave rectifier (CTt/f) input, output voltage and output current (R load)

Figure 4.9 Full wave (CTt/f) RL load circuit model and performance parameters

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

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Figure 4.10 Full wave (CTt/f) input, output voltages and output current (RL load)

Figure 4.11 RL load Full wave rectifier (CTt/f) with smoothing capacitor and performance
parameters

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

Table 341 Block parameters of Figure 4.6

Block Library Parameter Value
AC voltage source SimPowerSystem Amplitude (volts) 220 (peak)
Frequency 60 Hz
Page | 12 Phase 0
Diode SimPowerSystem Internal resistance 0.001
(ohm)
RLC series branch SimPowerSystem [R (ohm) L (H)] [5 10e-3]
RMS SimPowerSystem Fundamental 60 Hz
frequency
Mean SimPowerSystem Fundamental 60 Hz
frequency

Figure 4.10 Full wave rectifier (bridge type) circuit model and performance parameters for R
load
2.2 Conclusion
From frequency spectrum it is analyzed that:
The frequency spectrum containing the DC component as well as the ac harmonics. Also
the ac harmonics are dominant on the DC component.
But for pure DC, the ac Harmonics must be equal to zero. Only Dc component exist for
good rectifier.
So it is concluded that the output of half wave rectifier is not giving pure DC. And it is not
good rectifier.

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]

 Power Electronics Lab Lab #: 04

3 Post lab
TASKS:
 The output of a half wave rectifier is connected to a 12 V battery (i.e., used as a battery
charger). Make its circuit in Simulink (using SimPowerSystem tool) and plot the output
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voltage, current and diode voltage. Also calculate the different parameters for it
Note: R=4.26 Ω, Vp=120 V and frequency=60 Hz. Justify your work using table and
wirte your calculation in MS word.

 Change the values of inductor and supply voltage in the lab task and attach your analysis
in your lab report

Lab Instructor: Engr. Malak Adnan Khan [email protected]