IGCSE Physics (0625) Formula Sheet

Unit-1: General Physics

Important Definitions
1.1: Length and Time

Time period Time taken by bob of simple pendulum (any vibrating body) to complete one vibration / oscillation.

Amplitude Maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its mean / rest / equilibrium position.

Meniscus The curved shape of liquid surface near the walls of the container.

Formula/Equation Other
s.no Physical Quantity / law Formula/Equation in words SI unit
in symbols units

1. Volume of cuboid Length x width x height V=LxWxH

m3 cm3 , mm3

2. Time period Time measured / number of oscillations T=t/n s

Important Definitions
A quantity which can be completely described by magnitude, unit and direction. (Examples: displacement, velocity,
Vector Quantity
acceleration, force, weight, impulse, moment of force and momentum)
1.2: Motion

A quantity which can be completely described by magnitude and unit. (Examples: time, speed, mass, distance,
Scalar Quantity
temperature, energy, pressure, work done etc.)

Velocity Time rate of change of displacement. / Rate of change of displacement.

Time rate of change of velocity. / Rate of change of velocity.

Acceleration

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 Formula/Equation Other
s.no Physical Quantity / law Formula/Equation in words SI unit
in symbols units
km/h, km/s,
1. Average speed Total distance / total time v = d/t m/s
mph

2. Average speed (Initial speed + final speed)/2 v = (v+u) / 2 m/s km/h, km/s

3. Distance travelled Average speed x time d = (v+u) / 2 x t m Km, cm

4. Acceleration Change in velocity/ time a = (v-u) / t m/s2

Speed from distance-time

5. Gradient (slope) of the graph a = (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) m/s km/h, km/s
graph
Acceleration from speed- (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) or
6. Gradient (slope) of the graph m/s2
time graph v–u/t
½ x b x h or l x w or ½
Distance from speed-time
7. Area under the graph (sum of parallel sides) m km
1.3: Mass and weight

graph
x height.
Important Definitions
Mass Quantity of matter present in an object. Mass is measure of inertia. SI unit is kilogram (kg)

Weight Force of gravity on an object. It is a force so measured in Newton (N)

Force exerted by gravity on each kilogram of the object. It is represented by g. its value near the surface of the Earth is 9.8
Gravitational
or 10 N/kg.
field strength

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 Formula/Equation Other
s.no Physical Quantity / law Formula/Equation in words SI unit
in symbols units

1. Weight mass x acceleration due to gravity W=mxg N --

2. Gravitational field Weight / mass g=W/m N/kg

strength

3. Mass Weight / gravitational field strength m=W/g kg

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 Important Definitions
Density Mass per unit volume.
1.4: Density

Formula/Equation Other
s.no Physical Quantity / law Formula/Equation in words SI unit
in symbols units

1. Density mass / volume ρ=m/v kg / m3 g / cm3

2. Mass density x volume m =ρ x v kg grm, mg

3. Volume of cuboid length x width x height v=LxWxH m3 cm3

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 Important Definitions
Force Any push or pull. (An agent which produces acceleration)
Formula/Equation
s.no Physical Quantity / law Formula/Equation in words SI unit Other
1.5: Forces

in symbols
units

1. Force mass x acceleration F=mxa N --

F: N
2. Hooke’s law Force = spring constant x extension F= K x x K: N/m --
X: m
Force x perpendicular distance of force Moment of force= F x
3. Moment of force Nm N cm
from pivot d

Sum of clockwise moments = Sum of anti-

4. Principle of moments F1 x d1 = F2 x d2 Nm --
clock wise moments

5. Centripetal force (Mass x speed2 ) / radius Fc = mv2 / r N --

Physical Quantity / Formula/Equatio Other

s.no Formula/Equation in words SI unit
law n in symbols units
1.6: Momentum

1. Momentum mass x velocity p=mxv Kg m/s Ns

2. Impulse Force x time I=Fxt Ns --

Impulse Final momentum – initial momentum I = Pf - Pi Ns Kg m/s

3.

4. Force Change in momentum / time F = Pf - Pi / t N --

Physical Quantity / Formula/Equatio Other

Formula/Equation in words SI unit
law n in symbols units
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 s.no
Joule
Work Energy and power
1. Work done Force x distance W.D = F x d Nm
(J)

Work done in lifting load Joule

2. Weight x height W.D = W x h Nm
upwards (J)

Work done in lifting load mass x acceleration due to gravity x Joule

3. W.D = m x g x h Nm
upwards height (J)

Joule
4. Kinetic energy ½ x mass x speed2 K.e = ½ x m x v2 --
(J)

Gravitational potential mass x acceleration due to gravity x Joule

5. G.p.e = m x g x h --
energy height (J)
1.7 1.7r1.7

Watt
6. Power Energy transferred / time taken P=E/t J/s
(W)

Watt
7. Power Work done / time taken P = W.D / t J/s
(W)
Physical Quantity / Formula/Equatio Other
s.no Formula/Equation in words SI unit
law n in symbols units
1.8 Pressure

1. Pressure Force / area P=F/A Pascal N / m2

Density of fluid x acceleration due to

2. Pressure due to fluids P=ρxgxh Pascal N / m2
gravity x depth

Total pressure under Atmospheric pressure + Pressure

3. P = atm. + ρ x g x h Pascal N / m2
water due to water

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