ADO.

NET Interview Questions

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Contents

ADO.NET Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What is ADO.NET?
2. What is DataSet in ADO.NET?
3. Give the differences between ADO and ADO.NET.
4. What is a DataAdapter in ADO.NET?
5. Explain the difference between ADO.NET and ASP.NET.
6. Explain about DataSet types in ADO.NET.
7. Explain the difference between DataTable and DataSet.
8. What are the different namespaces available in ADO.NET?
9. What is object pooling?
10. Differentiate DataSet and DataReader.
11. What are the different execute() methods available in ADO.NET?
12. What is a transaction in ADO.NET? Explain the types of transactions available in
ADO.NET.
13. Explain the difference between OLEDB (Object Linking and Embedding
DataBase) and ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
14. What is data binding in ADO.NET?
15. What is Connection pooling?
16. What is DataTable in ADO.NET?
17. Name some of the properties and methods provided by the DataReader in
ADO.NET?
18. What are the conditions for connection pooling?
19. What are the data providers in ADO.NET?
20. Why Stored Procedure is used in ADO.NET?

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ADO.NET Interview Questions for Experienced

21. Explain ADO.NET Architecture.
22. Briefly explain connected and disconnected architecture of ADO.NET.
23. Explain about ExecuteScalar() in ADO.NET.
24. Explain about ADO.NET objects.
25. What are the different authentication techniques used to connect with MS SQL
Server?
26. What is Response.Expires and Response.ExpiresAbsolute property?
27. How to load multiple tables into a dataset?
28. What is the difference between connected and disconnected architecture in
ADO.NET?
29. What is LINQ?
30. How can you identify whether any changes are made to the DataSet object since
the time it was last loaded?
31. What is the difference between Dataset.Clone() and DataSet.Copy() methods?
32. Which methods are provided to add or remove rows from the DataTable object?
33. How to make SQL Server connection in ADO.NET?
34. What is serialization? Write an example program to serialize a DataSet.
35. Give an example code to fill the GridView by using the object of DataTable during
runtime.

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Let's get Started

Introduction to ADO.NET

ADO.NET is a technology used for data and is provided by the Microso .NET
Framework. It is a part of the .NET framework that supports the communication
between relational and non-relational systems with the help of a set of so ware
components. It supports disconnected architecture using which programmers are
allowed to access data and data services from a database without depending on the
data source.
ADO.NET is comprised of a group of built-in classes that are useful for establishing the
database connection, for gaining access to XML, relational data, and application
data, and for retrieval of a result. It can be used in various programming languages
such as Visual Basic.NET, Visual C++, etc., that are supported by the .NET framework.
Advantages of ADO.NET
ADO.NET has various advantages which can be categorized into the following
categories:

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Interoperability: It provides the ability to communicate across heterogeneous

environments, once the connection has been established between them.
Scalability: It provides the ability to serve an increasing number of clients
without reducing the performance of the system. So we can say that ADO.NET is
highly scalable because it is flexible enough to be easily expanded when there is
a requirement for the same.
Productivity: It provides the ability to rapidly develop robust applications for
data access using rich and extensible component object models provided by the
ADO.NET.
Performance: An improvement over earlier ADO.NET versions because of the
disconnected data model. It can establish connections quickly to fetch data
without any delay.
Scope of ADO.NET
ADO.NET being one of the products of Microso , it is good enough to position itself
strongly in the market. ADO.NET has massive community support, so it is definitely
having a large scope ahead. You could learn ADO.NET along with hands-on
experience on the .Net framework in order to have a good scope. Any full-stack
developer who has a better grip over both front-end and back-end technology can
precisely learn ADO.NET.

ADO.NET Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What is ADO.NET?

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ADO.NET stands for ActiveX Data Object, it is a part of the .NET Framework by
Microso . ADO.NET framework provides a set of classes that are used to handle
data communication with data sources such as XML files and databases (such as
SQL, Oracle, MySQL, MS Access, etc.).
ADO.NET can separate mechanisms for data connectivity, data access, and data
manipulation.
It has introduced the disconnected architecture, in which data can be stored in a
DataSet. ADO.NET has providers for database connection, commands for
execution, and result retrieval.
The ADO.NET classes are stored in the DLL named System.Data.dll .
Various applications like ASP.NET applications, console applications, windows
applications, etc., will use ADO.NET for database connection, command
execution, and retrieval of data.

2. What is DataSet in ADO.NET?

The DataSet is a collection of database tables(row and column format) that
contain the data. It is helpful for fetching the data without any need for Data
Source interaction, that is why it is called a disconnected data access method.
It is an in-memory data store that can contain multiple tables at the same time.
DataRelation objects can be used to relate these tables.
For creating a DataSet object, ADO.NET provides a DataSet class that consists of
constructors and methods to carry out data-related operations.
It can be used with various data sources, with XML data, or to manage the
application’s local data. The DataSet will include related tables, data
constraints, and relationships among the tables.

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3. Give the differences between ADO and ADO.NET.

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ADO ADO.NET

It is Component Object It is Common Language

Modelling(COM) based. Runtime(CLR) based.

It does require an active

It works in connected
connection, works in
mode to access the data
disconnected mode to access the
store.
data store.

It uses the RecordSet

It uses a DataSet object to access
object to access and
and store data from the data
store data from the data
sources.
sources.

It provides a feature of It does not provide a feature of

locking. locking.

Data is stored in binary

Data is stored in XML.
form.

It does not support XML

It supports XML integration.
integration.

Using a single
Using a single connection
connection instance, it is
instance you can send multiple
not possible to send
transactions.
multiple transactions.

We can create only Both client-side and server-side

client-side cursors. cursors can be created.

It supports sequential Non-sequential data access is

row access in a supported in DataSet by using a
RecordSet. collection-based hierarchy.

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4. What is a DataAdapter in ADO.NET?

A DataAdapter is used to access data from a data source by functioning as a
bridge between DataSet and a data source. DataAdapter class includes an SQL
command set and a database connection. It is helpful to fill the DataSet and
resolve changes to the data source.
The DataAdapter will make use of the Connection object that belongs to the
.NET Framework data provider for connecting with a data source. Along with
that, it will also use Command objects to retrieve data from the data source as
well as to resolve changes to the data source.
DataAdapter properties that permit the user to control the database are the
Select command, Update command, Insert command, and Delete command.
Example code for the usage of DataAdapter:

using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data;
namespace DataAdapterExample
{
public partial class DataAdapterDemo : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("data source=.; database=item
{
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("Select * from items", conn);
DataSet s = new DataSet();
da.Fill(s);
GridView1.DataSource = s;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
}

Here, DataAdapter will receive the data from the items table and fill the DataSet,
which will be later used to display the information retrieved from the items database.

5. Explain the difference between ADO.NET and ASP.NET.

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ADO.NET(ActiveX Data Objects) ASP.NET(Active Server Pages)

ADO.NET is a Library within the

ASP.NET is a Framework.
.NET framework.

It is a technology useful for the

It is a technology useful for
creation of dynamic web
accessing data from databases.
pages.

Here, data can be converted into Here, We can write our code
XML format. into VB.Net, C#, ASP.Net, etc.

It is used to develop reliable and

It is used to create dynamic
scalable database applications
web pages, web applications,
with high performance for client-
websites, and web services.
server applications.

6. Explain about DataSet types in ADO.NET.

DataSet can be said as a collection of database tables(row and column format) that
holds the data. There are two types of DataSet in ADO.NET. They are:
1. Typed DataSet: A typed DataSet is derived from the DataSet base class and can
be created by selecting the DataSet option provided by Visual Studio. It will be
created as an XML schema(.xsd file) that contains DataSet structure information
such as rows, columns, and tables. Data from the database is moved into a
dataset and from the dataset to another component in the XML format.
2. Untyped DataSet: Untyped DataSet does not have an associated XML schema
with it. Users are supposed to add columns, tables, and other elements to it.
Properties can be set during design time or can add them during run time.
Example program for the usage of DataSet:

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using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data;
namespace DataSetDemo
{
public partial class DataSetExample : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("data source=.; database=empl
{
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("Select * from employee", conn);
DataSet d = new DataSet();
da.Fill(d);
GridView1.DataSource = d;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
}

Here, DataSet will be filled by DataAdapter that receives data from the employee
table. This DataSet will be used to display the information received from the
employee database.

7. Explain the difference between DataTable and DataSet.

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DataTable DataSet

DataTable consists of a
DataSet consists of a collection
single database table
of multiple database tables
that is placed within a
which is placed within a memory.
memory.

It has a row and column

It has a database table collection.
collection.

It allows fetching only a

It allows fetching multiple
single TableRow at a
TableRows at a time.
time.

It represents a collection of
It is a single database
DataTable objects, so there
table, so there will not be
might be a relation between
any relation with other
them to obtain a particular
tables.
result.

In this, DataSource
In this, DataSource objects are
objects are not
serialized.
serialized.

UniqueConstraint and UniqueConstraint and

ForeignKeyConstraint ForeignKeyConstraint objects are
objects are not available available for enforcing data
enforcing data integrity. integrity.

8. What are the different namespaces available in ADO.NET?

Various namespaces available under ADO.NET is given below:

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1. : It contains the definition for rows, columns, relations, views,

System.Data
tables, constraints, and databases.
2. System.Data.SqlClient : It is a collection of classes that are helpful in
connecting to a Microso SQL Server database such as SqlConnection,
SqlCommand, SqlDataAdapter, etc.
3. System.Data.Odbc : It consists of classes that are required for connecting with
most Odbc Drivers. These classes include OdbcConnection, OdbcCommand.
4. System.Data.OracleClient : It has classes required for connection with an Oracle
database, OracleConnection, OracleCommand.

9. What is object pooling?

Object pooling is a repository of the objects in memory that can be reused later
without creating them. This object pooling reduces the burden of creating objects
when it is required. Whenever there is a requirement of an object, the object pool
manager will process the request and serve accordingly. It is designed for optimizing
the use of limited resources so that the demands of client requests will be fulfilled.

10. Differentiate DataSet and DataReader.

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DataSet DataReader

DataReader provides
DataSet provides read/write
read-only access to data,
access to data, so we can
so we can’t update the
update the data.
data.

It has a disconnected It has a connected

architecture, which means the architecture, which
data obtained from the means to access the data
database can be accessed even retrieved from the
a er the database connection database, the connection
was closed. must be opened.

It supports only a single

It supports various database
table from a single
tables from different databases.
database.

It provides slower access to data It provides faster access to

due to overhead. data.

Both forward and backward Only forward scanning of

scanning of data is possible. data is possible.

11. What are the different execute() methods available in

ADO.NET?
Different execute() methods supported by SqlCommandObject in ADO.NET is given
below:

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ExecuteScalar() : This method returns only a single value from the first row
and first column of the ResultSet a er the execution of the query. Even if
ResultSet is having more than one row or column, all those rows and columns
will be ignored. If the ResultSet is empty, it will return NULL.
ExecuteNonQuery() : This method returns the number of rows affected by the
execution of a query. This method is not useful to return the ResultSet.
ExecuteReader() : This method returns an object of DataReader which is a read-
only and forward-only ResultSet. It needs a live connection with the Data
Source. We cannot directly instantiate the DataReader object. A valid
DataReader object can be created with the help of the ExecuteReader() method.
ExecuteXmlReader() : This method builds an object of the XmlReader class and
will return the ResultSet in the form of an XML document. This method is made
available in SQL Server 2000 or later.

12. What is a transaction in ADO.NET? Explain the types of

transactions available in ADO.NET.
In ADO.NET, transactions are used when you want to bind several tasks together and
execute them in the form of a single unit. The transaction provides data consistency
by ensuring either all of the database operations will be succeeded or all of them will
be failed. For example, consider an application that performs two tasks. First, it
updates an item_order table with order information. Second, it updates an
item_inventory table that holds inventory information, where a number of items
ordered will be debited. If any one of the tasks fails, then both updates must be rolled
back.
Two types of transactions supported by ADO.NET are as follows:

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Local Transaction:
A local transaction is a single-phase transaction that is directly handled by
the database. Every .NET Framework data provider has its own Transaction
object for bringing out local transactions.
For example, if we want to perform a transaction using SQL Server
database, we import a System.Data.SqlClient namespace. Similarly, to
perform an Oracle transaction, import the System.Data.OracleClient
namespace. A DbTransaction class will be used for writing code that is
independent of the provider and that requires transactions.
Distributed Transaction:
A distributed transaction is coordinated by a transaction monitor and will
make use of fail-safe mechanisms like two-phase commit for transaction
resolution. This transaction will affect multiple resources.
If the user can make use of a distributed transaction, if he wants to do a
transaction across multiple data servers such as Oracle, SQL Server, etc.
If you want a distributed transaction to commit, all participants must
guarantee that data modification made will be permanent. Changes must
remain unchanged even if the system crash or other unforeseen events
occur. Even if a single participant will make this guarantee fail, then the
entire transaction will fail, and updates made to data within the transaction
scope are rolled back.

13. Explain the difference between OLEDB (Object Linking and

Embedding DataBase) and ODBC (Open DataBase
Connectivity).

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OLEDB ODBC

An API(Application
Programming Interface) that It is an API for accessing
allows accessing data from DBMS (DataBase
different sources in a uniform Management System).
manner.

It supports both relational and It supports only relational

non-relational databases. databases.

It is procedural-based. It is component-based.

It is easier to deploy. It is difficult to deploy.

It performs less compared

It gives a higher performance on
to OLE DB on loading and
loading and extracting the data.
extraction of data.

resource
odbc_connect(string
datasource , string
username , string password
, [int cursor_type ]) is
OleDbConnection = New used to make a
OleDbConnection(connetionString) connection to an ODBC
is used to make connection with data source. On success,
OLE DB data source. this function will return a
connection resource
handle that is helpful in
accessing the database
using subsequent
commands.

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14. What is data binding in ADO.NET?

Data binding in ADO.NET is the process through which user interface (UI)
controls of a client application are configured to update or fetch data from data
sources like a database or XML document. Using data binding, the user will be
able to bind values to the particular control.
There are two types of data binding based on the type of binding offered:
1. Simple data binding: It is the process of binding the control with only one
value in the dataset. The controls such as label, text box will be made
bound to the control using the control properties.
2. Complex data binding: It is the method of binding the component with the
Database. The controls can be a Dropdown list, GridView, or combo box.
One or more than one value can be displayed from the dataset using the
complex data binding.

15. What is Connection pooling?

The task of grouping database connections in the cache memory is to make them
available whenever there is a requirement of connection. Opening a new database
connection every time is a time-consuming process. Connection pooling allows you
to reuse existing and active database connections, whenever there is a need, and
thus increases the application performance.
By setting the pooling property into true or false in the connection string, we can
enable or disable the connection pooling in the application. It is enabled by default in
every application.

16. What is DataTable in ADO.NET?

DataTable in ADO.NET represents a single table in a DataSet that has in-memory
relational data. The data within DataTable is local to the .NET framework-based
application to which it belongs but can be populated using a DataAdapter from
different data sources such as Microso SQL Server. The DataTable class belongs to
the System.Data namespace within the library of .NET Framework.
DataTable can be represented in .aspx.cs code as given below:

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protected void DataTableExample()

{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Write the database connection string");
conn.Open();
SqlCommand cd = new SqlCommand("Write the query or procedure", conn);
SqlDataAdapter d = new SqlDataAdapter(cd);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
d.Fill(dt);
grid.DataSource = dt;
grid.DataBind();
}

The SQL connection and SQL command object will be created. We pass the SQL
query to the object of the SQL command class. A new data table object will be
created by using the DataTable class and it is filled with data using a data adapter.

17. Name some of the properties and methods provided by the

DataReader in ADO.NET?
Some of the properties provided by the DataReader are as follows:
Depth: It represents the depth of nesting for a row.
FieldCount: It gives the total column count in a row.
Item: It obtains the column value in a native format.
RecordsAffected: It gives the number of transaction affected rows.
IsClosed: It represents whether a data reader is closed.
VisibleFieldCount: It is used to obtain the number of unhidden fields in the
SqlDataReader.
Some of the methods provided by the DataReader are as follows:

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Read(): This method reads a record from the SQL Server database.
Close(): It closes a SqlDataReader object.
NextResult(): It moves the data reader to the next result during the time of
batch transactions.
Getxxx(): Various types of Getxxx() methods such as GetBoolean(Int32),
GetChar(Int32), GetFloat(Int32), GetDouble(Int32), etc., are provided by the
DataReader. These methods will read a value of a particular data type from a
column. For example, GetFloat() will return a column value as a Float and
GetChar as a character.

18. What are the conditions for connection pooling?

The conditions for connection pooling are:
There must be several processes with the same parameters and security settings
so that they can share the same connection.
The connection string should be identical.

19. What are the data providers in ADO.NET?

Data providers are used to transferring the data between the client application and
the data store. It encapsulates the database-specific details. Data providers are
helpful for database connection, data retrieval, storing the data in a dataset, reading
the retrieved data, and updating the database.
The data providers that comes along with the ADO.NET Framework are:
OLE DB: The OLEDB provider is available under System.Data.OleDb namespace.
This provider can be used to access Microso Access, DB2/400, SyBase, and SQL
Server 6.5 and earlier.
ODBC: The ODBC provider is available under System.Data.Odbc namespace.
This provider is used when there will not be any newer provider is available.
SQL Server: The Microso SQL Server provider is available under
System.Data.SqlClient namespace. Classes available under this provider will
provide the same functionality as the generic OLEDB provider.

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20. Why Stored Procedure is used in ADO.NET?

The reasons for using Stored Procedures in ADO.NET are given below:
For improved performance
For security reasons
Easier to use and maintain
Lesser Network Traffic
Execution time is less

ADO.NET Interview Questions for Experienced

21. Explain ADO.NET Architecture.
ADO.NET is based on an Object Model where data residing in the database is accessed
using a data provider. It is a technology of data access given by the Microso .Net
Framework, which helps to communicate between relational and non-relational
systems using a common group of components.
The components of ADO.NET architecture are:

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Data Provider: It provides data to all the applications that perform the
database updates. The application can access data through the DataSet or
DataReader object. A data provider is a having group of components such as
Command, Connection, DataReader, and DataAdapter objects. Command and
Connection objects are the necessary components irrespective of the operations
like Insert, Delete, Select, and Update.
Connection: The connection object is needed to connect with the database
such as SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, etc. To create a connection object, you must
know about where the database is located(Ex: IP address or machine name, etc.)
and the security credentials(Ex: user name and password-based authentication
or windows authentication).
Command: The command object is the component where you will write the SQL
queries. Then by using the command object, execute the queries over the
connection. By using the command object and SQL queries, you will be able to
fetch the data or send the data to the database.
DataReader: DataReader is a connected read-only RecordSet that is helpful in
reading the records in the forward-only mode.
DataAdapter: The DataAdapter acts as a bridge between the dataset and
command object. It receives the data from the command object and puts it into
the data set.
DataSet: The DataSet is a disconnected RecordSet that can be browsed in both
forward and backward directions. We can also update the data using the
dataset. DataSet is filled by using DataAdapter.
DataView Class: A DataView allows you to create various views of data from
DataTable, which can be used for data-binding applications. Using this, you can
display the table with different order of sorting or you can filter the data based
on a filter expression or by row state, etc.
XML: It is possible to create an XML representation of a dataset. In the dataset’s
XML representation, data is represented in XML format and the database
schema is represented in XML Schema Definition(XSD) language.

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22. Briefly explain connected and disconnected architecture of

ADO.NET.
Connected Architecture:
In connected architecture, the connection must be kept open for accessing the
data retrieved from the database. Connected architecture is based on
Connection, DataReader, Command, and Transaction classes.
You constantly visit the database for any CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and
Delete) operation you want to do. This will create high traffic to the database,
but this is usually faster as you are doing only smaller transactions.
DataReader can be said as a Connected Architecture as it holds the connection
open until it fetches all the rows one by one.

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Disconnected Architecture:
In disconnected architecture, even if the database connection is closed, data
retrieved from the database can be accessed. Disconnected architecture is
based on classes connection, CommandBuilder, DataAdapter, DataSet, and
DataView.
Here, we retrieve and store a recordset from the database so that you can
perform many CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations on the data
within memory, it will be re-synchronized when you reconnect with the
database.
DataSet is a Disconnected Architecture because all records are brought at once
and holding the database connection alive is not necessary.

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23. Explain about ExecuteScalar() in ADO.NET.

A single value from the first row and first column of the ResultSet will be
returned by ExecuteScalar() method on query execution.
If the ResultSet is having multiple rows or columns, all those rows and columns
will be ignored except the first row and first column. If the ResultSet is empty,
this function will return NULL.
The best situation to use ExecuteScalar() method is when we are using functions
such as COUNT(), SUM(), etc., as it uses only a few resources compared to the
ExecuteReader() method.
Example:

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public void ExecuteScalarExample()

{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection();
con.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conString"].Connecti
try
{
SqlCommand cd = new SqlCommand();
cd.Connection = con;
cd.CommandText = "SELECT SUM(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE";
cd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
con.Open();
Int32 SalaryTotal = Convert.ToInt32(cd.ExecuteScalar());
MessageBox.Show("Total Salary of the employee is : " + SalaryTotal.ToString());
cd.Dispose();
con.Dispose();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}

Here, we create an object of the class SqlConnection and SqlCommand. We pass SQL
Statement to the object of SqlCommand class, which returns a single value. When
ExecuteScalar() function gets executed, a single value will be returned, i.e, the total
salary of employees. This value will be displayed using a message box.

24. Explain about ADO.NET objects.

There are seven main objects in ADO.NET. They are:

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1. DataSet: It is available under both System.Data.ADO and the System.Data.SQL

namespaces. DataSet is a database cache built-in memory for using it in
disconnected operations. It holds the complete collection of tables, constraints,
and relationships.
2. SQLDataSetCommand: It represents a stored procedure or a database query
that can be used to populate the DataSet object. It corresponds to the ADO’s
Command object-provided functionalities.
3. SQLCommand: It represents a stored procedure or a T-SQL statement that will
be executed by SQL Server. It corresponds to another set of functionalities
provided by the ADO’s Command object.
4. SQLParameter: It can be used to pass parameters to the object of
SQLCommand or SQLDataSetCommand class. When you are passing a
parameter for SQLCommand using SQLParameter, SQLParameter will represent
a parameter that can be used by T-SQL statement or stored procedure.
Whenever a parameter has been passed for SQLDataSetCommand using
SQLParameter, SQLParameter will represent a column from a result set.
5. SQLConnection: It represents an open connection to the data source like SQL
Server. This object is similar to the standard Connection object in ADO.
6. SQLDataReader: It reads a forward-only stream of data from a SQL Server
database. It works with an open database connection.
7. SQLError: It collects runtime warnings and error conditions related information
that will be encountered by an ADO.NET application. It corresponds to ADO’s
Error object.

25. What are the different authentication techniques used to

connect with MS SQL Server?
Before performing any task in the database, SQL Server will authenticate. Two types
of authentication techniques are:

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Windows Authentication: This default authentication is provided only through

Windows domain accounts. This SQL Server security model is strongly
integrated with Windows, so it is also referred to as integrated security.
Particular Windows users and group accounts are allowed to login into SQL
Server. Windows users who are already been authenticated or logged onto
Windows do not have to provide additional credentials.
The below-given SqlConnection.ConnectionString specifies Windows
authentication without any need of providing a user name or password by the
user.

C#
"Server=MSSQL1;Database=Institute;Integrated Security=true;

SQL Server and Windows Authentication Mode(Mixed-mode): Authentication

will be provided with the help of the Windows and SQL Server Authentication
combination. User name and password pair will be maintained within SQL
Server. In order to use this mixed-mode authentication, you need to create SQL
Server logins that are stored in SQL Server. A er that, you can supply the user
name and password to SQL Server at run time.
The below-given ConnectionString specifies Mixed mode authentication:

C#
"Persist Security Info=False;User ID=Harsh;Password=xyz@123;Initial Catalog=Institute;S

26. What is Response.Expires and Response.ExpiresAbsolute

property?

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Response.Expiresproperty is specific to the minutes that a particular page

stays in the cache for the specific time from the time it has been requested. For
example, if Response.Expires value is set to 5 minutes, then the page is
instructed to be in cache for 5 minutes from the time it has been requested.
Response.ExpiresAbsolute property helps to provide the proper time at which a
specific page cache has been expired. For example, Response.ExpiresAbsolute
provides information like 14 March 15:40:15. This time tells about when the page
was in cache.

27. How to load multiple tables into a dataset?

DataSet ds=new DataSet();

SqlConnection con=new SqlConnection("connection_string");
SqlDataAdapter da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from Employee1",con);
da.Fill(ds.Tables.Add());
da=new SqlDataAdapter("select * from Employee2",con);
da.Fill(ds.Tables.Add());

A er tables have been added into a DataSet, the below-given code tells about how to
make use of the DataSet tables. If you decide to use the first table in a dataset or to
copy the table data into a data table, then follow the below-given code:

DataTable dt=new DataTable();

dt=ds.Tables[0];

The above code can be used to add the required number of tables in a dataset. This
ensures connection-less access to data. As the dataset is filled with multiple tables,
every time we want to query the data the database connection is not required. It also
makes sure about the reusability of data.

28. What is the difference between connected and disconnected

architecture in ADO.NET?

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Connected architecture Disconnected architecture

It is not connection-
It is connection-oriented.
oriented.

DataReader is a connected DataSet is a disconnected

architecture. architecture.

High speed and performance Disconnected methods are

are given by connected low in speed and
methods. performance.

Data persistence is not Data persistence is possible

possible using DataReader. using DataSet.

It carries data from multiple

It carries the single table data.
tables.

We can’t update the data as it Here we can update the

is read-only. data.

29. What is LINQ?

LINQ(Language Integrated Query) is a structured query syntax that helps the
programmers and testers to retrieve data from various data sources such as
Collections, XML Docs, ADO.NET DataSet, web service, MS SQL Server, etc.
It is integrated with C# or VB.NET and it eliminates the mismatch between
different programming languages and databases. It provides a single querying
interface for various data source types.
An object will be returned as a result of LINQ query execution. It will allow you to
use an object-oriented approach on the result set and there is no need to worry
about the transformation of different result formats into objects.

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30. How can you identify whether any changes are made to the
DataSet object since the time it was last loaded?
The DataSet object has two methods to track down the changes:
GetChanges(): It returns the DataSet object that has been changed since it was
loaded or since the execution of the AcceptChanges() method.
HasChanges(): It indicates if any modifications were made since from the time
the DataSet object was loaded or a er a method call to the AcceptChanges() was
made.
Use the RejectChanges() method, if you want to reverse the entire changes since from
the time the DataSet object was loaded.

31. What is the difference between Dataset.Clone() and

DataSet.Copy() methods?
The method Clone() copies only the DataSet structure. The copied structure will
have all the constraints, relations, as well as DataTable schemas used by the
DataSet. It does not copy the data stored in the DataSet.
The Copy() method copies the DataSet structure along with the data in the
DataSet. The original data will not be affected.

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 ADO.NET Interview Questions

32. Which methods are provided to add or remove rows from

the DataTable object?
The collection of rows for the DataTable object has been defined by the
DataRowCollection class. DataRowCollection class has the method NewRow() for
adding a new DataRow to DataTable. This method creates a new row that
implements the similar schema that is applied to the DataTable.
The methods provided by the DataRowCollection object are given below:
Add()- It adds a newly created row into DataRowCollection.
Remove()- It deletes the object DataRow from DataRowCollection.
RemoveAt()- It deletes a row for which location is marked by an index number.

33. How to make SQL Server connection in ADO.NET?

Consider the below example where a connection to the SQL Server has been
established. An employee database will be used to connect. The C# code will be:

using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(connectionString))

{
con.Open();
}

Using block will be useful in closing the connection automatically. It is not required to
explicitly call the close() method, because using block will do this implicitly when the
code exits the block.

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 ADO.NET Interview Questions

// ConnectionExample.cs

using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace ConsoleApplicationExample
{
class ConnectionExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
new Program().ConnectingMethod();
}
public void ConnectingMethod()
{
using (
// Creating Connection
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("data source=.; database=em
)
{
conn.Open();
Console.WriteLine("Connection Has Been Successfully Established.");
}
}
}
}

Output:

Connection Has Been Successfully Established.

Press any key to continue...

On execution, if the connection has been established, a message will be displayed on

an output window.
If the connection is not created with the help of using a block, a connection must be
closed explicitly.

34. What is serialization? Write an example program to serialize

a DataSet.

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 ADO.NET Interview Questions

Serialization is the method of converting an object into a byte stream which can be
stored as well as transmitted over the network. The advantage of serialization is that
data can be transmitted in a cross-platform environment across the network and also
it can be saved in a storage medium like persistent or non-persistent.
The code for serializing a DataSet is:

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.IO;
public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=data_source_name;Initial Ca
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from emp", conn); //DataAdapt
DataSet s = new DataSet();
da.Fill(s);
FileStream fObj = new FileStream("C:\\demo.xml", FileMode.Create); // Create
XmlSerializer sObj = new XmlSerializer(typeof(DataSet));
sObj.Serialize(fObj, s); //Serialization of a DataSet
fObj.Close();
}
}

In the above given example, the database name is employee and, the table name is
emp. The data in a DataSet will be serialized and stored in a demo.xml file by using
Serialize() method.

35. Give an example code to fill the GridView by using the object
of DataTable during runtime.

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 ADO.NET Interview Questions

using System;
using System.Data;

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GridView gridView1=new GridView(); //Create GridView object
DataTable t = new DataTable("Employee"); // Create the table object
DataColumn c = new DataColumn(); //Creating table column
DataRow r; //Instance of row
c.ColumnName = "EmpID"; //Heading of the coloumn
c.DataType = Type.GetType("System.Int32"); //Set the data type of EmpID as an
t.Columns.Add(c); //Adding a column to data table
c = new DataColumn();
c.ColumnName = "EmpName";
c.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String"); //Set the type of EmpName as Stri
t.Columns.Add(c);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) //This code will create 5 rows
{
r = t.NewRow();
//Add Column values
r["EmpID"] = i;
r["EmpName"] = "Employee " + i;
t.Rows.Add(r);
}
gridView1.DataSource = t; //Set gridView1 Datasource as DataTable t
gridView1.DataBind(); //Bind Datasource to gridview
}
}

Output:

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 ADO.NET Interview Questions

Conclusion

ADO.NET is a brilliant technology that was developed by Microso on the framework

of .NET. The primary role and responsibility of ADO.NET technology is to setup a
bridge between backend language and your database. A good experience of this
technology will be of great use from a development point of view.
ADO.NET technology will definitely help in your career growth as it has quite a good
scope. Also learning this interesting technology will always be great fun. ADO.NET
along with the knowledge of databases will definitely be exceptional from a growth
perspective.
References
“Microso ® ADO.NET 4 Step by Step” by Tim Patrick
“ADO.NET in a nutshell” by Bill Hamilton
ADO.NET Documentation
Useful Resources
C# Interview
ASP.NET Interview
Microso Interview
SQL Interview

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