Hi Standard Tech Training Ltd.

is a Mumbai based organization which is

expanding its office set-up to Chennai. At Chennai office compound, they are
planning to have 3 different blocks for Admin, Training and Accounts related
activities. Each block has a number of computers, which are required to be
connected in a network for communication, data and resource sharing.
As a network consultant, you have to suggest the best network related solutions
for them for issues/problems raised by them in (i) to (iv), as per the distances
between various blocks/locations and other given parameters.

(i) Suggest the most appropriate block/location to house the SERVER in the
CHENNAI office (out of the 3 blocks) to get the best and effective connectivity.
Justify your answer.

(ii) Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout (Block to Block)
to efficiently connect various blocks within the CHENNAI office compound.

(iii) Suggest a device/software and its placement that would provide data
security for the entire network of the CHENNAI office.

(iv) Suggest a device and the protocol that shall be needed to provide wireless
Internet access to all smartphone/laptop users in the CHENNAI office.

16

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
Go-Fast corporation is a Hyderabad based company, which is planning to set up
training campuses in various cities in next 3 years. Their first campus is coming
up in Pune. At Pune campus, they are planning to have 4 different blocks for
HR, Web Design Training, Programming Training and Hardware Training.
Each block has number of computers, which are required to be connected in a
network for communication, data and resource sharing.
As a network consultant of this company, you have to suggest the best network
related solutions for them for issues/problems raised in (i) to (iv), keeping in
mind the distances between various blocks/locations and other given
parameters.

(i) Suggest the most appropriate block/location to house the SERVER in the
PUNE Campus (out of the 4 blocks) to get the best and effective connectivity.
Justify your answer.
(ii) Suggest a device/software to be installed in the PUNE Campus to take care
of data security.
(iii) Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout (Block to Block)
to efficiently connect various Blocks within the PUNE campus.
(iv) Suggest a device and the protocol that shall be needed to provide Video
Conferencing solution between PUNE Campus and Hyderabad Head Office.

17

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
 18

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
The government has planned to develop digital awareness in the rural areas of
the nation. According to the plan, an initiative is taken to set up Digital Training
Centers in villages across the country with its Head Office in the nearest cities.
The committee has hired a networking consultancy to create a model of the
network in which each City Head Office is connected to the Training Centers
situated in 3 nearby villages.
As a network expert in the consultancy, you have to suggest the best network-
related solutions for the issues/problems raised in (a) to (d), keeping in mind the
distance between various locations and other given parameters.

(a) It is observed that there is a huge data loss during the process of data transfer
from one village to another. Suggest the most appropriate networking device out
of the following, which needs to be placed along the path of the wire connecting
one village with another to refresh the signal and forward it ahead.
(i) MODEM (ii) ETHERNET CARD (iii) REPEATER (iv) HUB

(b) Draw the cable layout (location-to-location) to efficiently connect various

Village Training Centers and the City Head Office for the above shown layout.

(c) Which hardware networking device, out of the following, will you suggest to
connect all the computers within the premises of every Village Training Center
(i) SWITCH (ii) MODEM (iii) REPEATER (iv) ROUTER

(d) Which protocol, out of the following, will be most helpful to conduct online
interactions of Experts from the City Head Office and people at the three
19
Village Training Centers ?
(i) FTP (ii) PPP (iii) SMTP (iv) VoIP
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,
11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
(i) Suggest the most suitable place to install the server for this organization.
Also, give reason to justify your suggested location.
(ii) Suggest the cable layout of connections between the buildings inside the
campus.
(iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification:
Switch Repeater
(iv) The organization is planning to provide a high-speed link with the head
office situated in Bengaluru, using a wired connection
Suggest a suitable wired medium for the same.
(v) The System Administrator does remote login to any PC, if any requirement
arises. Name the protocol, which is used for the same.
20

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
Riya wants to transfer pictures from her mobile phone to her laptop. She uses
Bluetooth Technology to connect two devices. Which type of network will be
formed in this case?

The modem at the sender’s computer end acts as a .

In case of switching, before a communication starts, a dedicated

path is identified between the sender and the receiver.

is a communication methodology designed to deliver both voice and

multimedia communications over Internet protocol.

Write the full forms of the following: (i) SMTP (ii) PPP

What is the use of TELNET?

Expand the following: SMTP , XML

Out of the following, which is the fastest wired and wireless medium of
transmission?Infrared, coaxial cable, optical fibre, microwave, Ethernet cable

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of star topology

Define the following terms: www , web hosting

Name the protocol that is used to send emails.

Your friend Ranjana complaints that somebody has created a fake profile on
Facebook and defaming her character with abusive comments and pictures.
Identify the type of cybercrime for these situations.

Name the transmission media best suitable for connecting to hilly areas

Write the expanded form of Wi-Fi.

Rearrange the following terms in increasing order of data transfer rates.

Gbps, Mbps, Tbps, Kbps, bps

Expand the following terms: a. SMTP b. XML c. LAN d. IPR

Arun opened his e-mail and found that his inbox was full of hundreds of unwanted
mails. It took him around two hours to delete these unwanted mails and find the
relevant ones in his inbox. What may be the cause of his receiving so many
unsolicited mails? What can Arun do to prevent this happening in future?
Assume that 50 employees are working in an organization.

Each employee has been allotted a separate workstation to work. In this way, all 21
computers are connected through the server and all these workstations are
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,
11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
distributed over two floors. In each floor, all the computers are connected to a
switch. Identify the type of network?

Your friend wishes to install a wireless network in his office. Explain him the
difference between guided and unguided media.
Write the expanded names for the following abbreviated terms used in
Networking and Communications: (i) CDMA (ii) HTTP (iii) XML (iv) URL

… .......................................... is a network of physical objects embedded with

electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity.

- ---------------------- is a device that forwards data packets along networks.

- ---------------------- describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network or

Internet connection.

Give the full forms of the following (i) HTTP (ii) FTP (iii) VoIP (Iv) SSH

How many pair of wires are there in twisted pair cable (Ethernet)?

What is the name of port ,which is used to connect Ethernet cable to a computer
or a laptop?

Select two server side scripting languages out of the following?

(i) ASP (ii) VBScript (iii) JavaScript (iv) PHP

(d) Write the expanded names for the following abbreviated terms used in
Networking and Communications:
(i) HTML (ii) PAN (iii) TCP (iv) GBPS

Differentiate between Bus Topology and Star Topology of Networks. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of Star Topology over Bus Topology ?

Differentiate between Radio Link and Microwave in context of wireless

communication technologies.

Differentiate between communication using Optical Fiber and Ethernet Cable in

context of wired medium of communication technologies.

22

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
Bandwidth
Bandwidth of a channel is the range of frequencies available for transmission of
data through that channel.
1 KHz =1000 Hz
1 MHz =1000 KHz = 1000000 Hz

Data Transfer Rate

Data travels in the form of signals over a channel. One signal carries one or
more bits over the channel. Data transfer rate is the number of bits transmitted
between source and destination in one second. It is also known as bit rate. It is
measured in terms of bits per second (bps)
Wired Transmission Media
Three commonly used guided/wired media for data transmission are, twisted
pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Twisted-pair and coaxial cable carry
the electric signals whereas the optical fiber cable carries the light signals.

Twisted Pair Cable

A twisted-pair consists of two copper wires twisted like a DNA helical structure.
Both the copper wires are insulated with plastic covers.
Each of the twisted pairs act as a single communication link. The use of twisted
configuration minimises the effect of electrical interference from similar pairs
close by. Twisted pairs are less expensive and most commonly used in
telephone lines and LANs. These cables are of two types: Unshielded twisted-
pair (UTP) and Shielded twisted-pair (STP),

Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable is another type of data transmission medium. It is better shielded
and has more bandwidth than a twisted pair
it has a copper wire at the core of the cable which is surrounded with insulating
material. The insulator is further surrounded with an outer conductor (usually
a copper mesh). This outer conductor is wrapped in a plastic cover. The key to
success of coaxial cable is its shielded design that allows the cable's copper core
to transmit data quickly, without interference of environmental factors. These
types of cables are used to carry signals of higher frequencies to a longer
distance

Optical Fibre
The optical fiber cable carries data as light, which travels inside a thin fiber of
glass.Optic fiber uses refraction to direct the light through the media. A thin
transparent strand of glass at the centre is covered with a layer of less dense
glass called cladding. This whole arrangement is covered with an outer jacket

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
networks. These cables are of light weight and have higher bandwidth which
means higher data transfer rate. Signals can travel longer distances and
electromagnetic noise cannot affect the cable. However, optic fibers are
expensive and unidirectional. Two cables are required for full duplex
communication.

Wireless Transmission Media

In wireless communication technology, information In wireless communication
technology, information travels in the form of electromagnetic signals through
air. Electromagnetic spectrum of frequency ranging from 3 KHz to 900 THz is
available for wireless communication.
Wireless technologies allow communication between two or more devices in
short to long distance without requiring any physical media. There are many
types of wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMax
etc.

Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that can be used to connect

mobile-phones, mouse, headphones, keyboards, computers, etc. wirelessly over 24
a short distance. One can print documents with bluetooth-enabled printers
without a physical connection. All these bluetooth-enabled devices have a low

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
cost transceiver chip. In Bluetooth technology, the communicating devices
within a range of 10 meters build a personal area network called piconet.

Protocol
In communication, Protocol is a set of standard rules that the communicating
parties — the sender, the receiver, and all other intermediate devices need to
follow.

Need for Protocols

We need protocols for different reasons such as flow control, access control,
addressing, etc. Flow control is required when the sender and receiver have
different speeds of sending and receiving the data.

• How computers identify one another on a network.

• The form to which the data should be converted for transit.
• How to decide whether the data received is for that node or to be
forwarded to another node.
• Ensuring that all the data have reached the destination without any loss.
• How to rearrange the packets and process them at the destination.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. It is the primary protocol used to
access the World Wide Web.
HTTP is a request-response (also called client-server) protocol that runs over
TCP. The common use of HTTP is between a web browser (client) and a web
server (server).

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the protocol used for transferring files from one
machine to another.

Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

PPP is a communication protocol which establishes a dedicated and direct
connection between two communicating devices. This protocol defines how two
devices will authenticate each other and establish a direct link between them to
exchange data. For example, two routers with direct connection communicate
using PPP. The Internet users who connect their home computers to the server
of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) through a modem also use PPP.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

SMTP is a protocol used for email services. It uses information written on the
message header (like an envelope on a letter sent by post), and is not concerned 25
with the content of the email message. Each email header contains email
addresses of recipients. The email containing header and body are entered into
a queue of oDuEtP
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s.OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, KRM PUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/ Internet Protocol (IP)
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is a set
of standardized rules that uses a client-server model of communication in
which a user or machine (a client) requests a service by a server in the network.

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve
email messages from a mail server. It's the most commonly used protocol for receiving email
over the internet.

Telnet is a network protocol that allows users to remotely access and control another
computer over the Internet or local area network (LAN). It provides a two-way, collaborative,
and text-based communication channel between two machines
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make
voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online content that is formatted in
HTML and accessed via HTTP. World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a
collection of websites or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers
through the internet.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the standard markup language
for creating Web pages. HTML describes the structure of a Web page. HTML consists of a
series of elements. HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) lets you define and store data in a
shareable manner. XML supports information exchange between computer systems such as
websites, databases, and third-party applications. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a
markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing data. XML
defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and
machine-readable. It does not define how the data is displayed

A website is a collection of files accessed through a web address, covering a particular

theme or subject, and managed by a particular person or organization.

A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that stores,
processes, and delivers web pages to users. Web servers use Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) to communicate with users.

A web browser is a software application that allows users to access the internet. It
provides an interface between the user and the information available on the web. When a user
requests information, the web browser fetches the data from a web server and displays the
webpage on the user's screen

Web hosting is a service that allows you to publish your website on the internet. When
you sign up for a web hosting service, you rent space on a physical server to store your
website's files and data. The service also provides the software, hardware, and network
infrastructureDtoEPmAaR
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etUBLIC SCHOOL ,

11, 2nd Ln, Shanthi Nagar, Sembiyam, Perambur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600011
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique identifier that specifies the location of a
resource on the internet. It's also known as a web address.
A URL consists of multiple parts, including:
A protocol identifier A resource name A domain name

A domain name is a string of text that maps to an alphanumeric IP address, used to

access a website from client software. In plain English, a domain name is the text that a user
types into a browser window to reach a particular website. For instance, the domain name for
Google is 'google.com'.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BUS AND STAR TOPOLOGY

Bus topology Uses a single cable to connect all devices. This cable is called the backbone.

Star topology Uses a central hub or switch to broadcast information to all devices. All devices
are connected to the central hub.

Other differences between bus and star topology include:

Data transfer speed: Data is transferred serially from one device to another in bus topology,
which results in slow data transfer speeds. The hub in star topology sends data directly to the
relevant device, which results in fast transmission.

Cost: Bus topology is less expensive than star topology.

Failure: If the network cable fails in bus topology, the entire network fails. If the central hub
fails in star topology, the entire network fails.

Star topology is more expensive than bus topology because of the cost of the hubs

31
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