DATA COMMUNICATION Transmission Technology developed as an alternative

to teleprinter terminals
 Packet Switching
It has a keyboard that can
Technology
 Data Communication generate a full alphanumeric
 Internet
 is the process of character code set, a CRT
1967 = ARPANET was
transferring the monitor and the capability to
introduced by advanced
binary (digital send and receive data via
research
information) communication lines to a
 LAN TECHNOLOGY
between two or remote host computer.
DIX-Ethernet & IEEE 802
more points. CLASSIFICATION OF CRT
Networks)
 Transmission of a TERMINAL
digital bit stream A. Dumb Terminals
 WAN
from one location to These terminals are teletype
 1976 = ISO releases
another compatible and offer a
HDLC & CCITT
 Also known as limited number of functions.
releases X.25 PSPDN
computer
 70’s * 80’s = the
communications B. Smart Terminals
main thrust in WAN
 Examples will be These terminals offer
and was to put Data
LAN and WAN enhanced functions such as
on Voice Circuits
editing and formatted data
HISTORY using Modem & on
entry
ISDN Lines
The user might be able to
 Samuel Morse & Alfred Veil  90’s
tailor the terminal
Invented Morse Code Trends is reverse
application through limited
Telegraph System in 1838. and major efforts on
programming, such as format
putting Voice Over
creation, parameter
 Alexander Graham Bell Data using
definition and input
Responsible in improving a. Voice Over
checking.
telegraph and invented Frame Relay
telephone in 1876. b. Voice Over
C. Intelligent or User
Internt
Programmable
 Guglielmo Marconi c. Voice Over
These terminal feature
Coupled the development of ATM
software support
early telecommunications  Data Terminal Equipment
It permit local file updating
the radio laid the (DTE)
and accommodating written
groundwork for numerous Transmit and receive
application program
subsequent developments in information and to perform
Have built in memory that
communication technology error control
the user can employ to store
in 1895. Supports the end-user
and execute program
applications program, data
 Howard Krum files and databases
3. PC Terminal
Developed start/stop
Replaces most tele printers
synchronization. Ex: PCs, printers, hosts, front-
and CRT Terminals as the
end processors, multiplexers,
terminal of choice as a
 1930 LAN interconnection devices
standard terminal
Development of ASCII such as routers
The processing capability of
Transmission Code.
this terminal can be used
with appropriate hardware
 1945
Important Example of DTE and software support to
Allied governments develop
Equipments provide capabilities not
the first large computer
available through the use of
1. Tele-printer
conventional terminals.
 1950 Is an old form of DTE that
IBM releases its first was invented to replace the
computer IBM 710 Morse telegrapher DATA COMMUNICATION
It is a form of special EQUIPMENT (DCE)
 1960 telegraph used a 5 bit
IBM releases the First character code Interface between the DTE and the
Commercial Computer IBM This device combines a low- transmission channel
360 speed printer with serial
Ensuring that the signal from DTE is
communication interference.
compatible with the transmission
MAIN CONTRIBUTORS OF DATA channel
2. Cathode Ray Tube Terminal
COMMUNICATION
Otherwise known as video Ex. Channel Service Units (CSUs), Data
display terminal (VDT) was Service Units (DSUs) and modems.
  DCE MODEMS Can be a combination of The IEEE works closely with
Most popular modems three or more computer or ANSI (American National
available are based on the V- terminals Standards Institute) to
series standards published by develop communications and
the ITU-T. information processing
STANDARD ORGANIZATION OF DATA standards with the ultimate
PHYSICAL INTERFACE
COMMUNICATION object of advancing theory,
 Interconnection DTE to DCE creativity and product quality
1. The International Standards in any field related to
Defines how many pins are in
Organization (ISO) electrical engineering
the connector, how many
Is a voluntary organization
wires are in the cable and
with representations of 4. The American National
what signal is carried over
member countries, major Standards Institute (ANSI)
which of the pins and over
vendors and end users Is a completely non profit
which of the wires, to ensure
Is active in many areas of private organization
that the information is
science and technology, comprised of manufacturers
viewed compatibly.
including information and users of data processing
technology equipment and services
RS-232
ISO Standards are published It is the official standards
Specifies a 25 wire cable
as ISO serial No (ISO 8632) agency for the united states
Terminal load capacitance:
2500 pF which includes cable and is the US voting
2. The International representation for the ISO
capacitance
Telecommunication Union-
Output Impedance: greater
Telecommuication Sector 5. The Electronic Industries
than 300 ohms
(ITU-T) Association (EIA)
Max bit rate of 20 kbps
Formerly the consultative Is a US trade association best
Nominal Max length 20 ft
committee for International known for its EIA-232
Telegraph and Telephone standard
DATA TRANSMISSION
(CCITT) Is responsible for developing
 Parallel Transmission
It is standard organizations the RS (Recommended
Each bit has its own
devoted to data and standards) series of
transmission line
telecommunication with standards for data and
All n-bits can be transmitted
representations from telecommunications
simultaneously during the
government, major vendors, It include standards
time of a single clock pulse
telecommunication carriers, development, increasing
Also called parallel-by-bit or
and the scientific community public awareness and
serial by character
lobbying
 Serial Transmission
There is a single transmission 3 SETS OF ITU-T SPECIFICATIONS 6. The Telecommunication
line. Only one bit can be Industry Association (TIA)
A. THE V SERIES Is major trade association in
transmitted at a time
It is for modem interfacing the information technology
and data transmission over and communications
telephone lines industry
CONFIGURATION
It represents manufactures
B. THE X SERIES of communications and
1. TWO-POINT
It is for data transmission information technology
Involves only two locations
over public digital networks, products and service
or stations
e-mail and directory services providers or the global
Example: market place through its core
C. THE I AND Q SERIES competencies
Mainframe to remote
For integrated services digital
computer
network (ISDN) and its
Two mainframe computers
extension broadband ISDN
Two remote computer 7. The European Computer
terminals Manufactures Association
(ECMA)
2. MULTIPOINT 3. The Institute of Electrical Is a standards organization
Involves three or more and Electronic Engineers involved in the area of
stations (IEEE) computer engineering and
Is a US standards related technologies
Example: organization with members Is directly cooperates with
Host (mainframe) connection throughout the world ISO and CCITT
to remote computers Is active in many electric,
electronics, computer and
communication related areas
DATA COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
DATA COMMUNICATION
1. (RS-232 (DB25)
HARDWARE
It is used for serial interface
It is used to connect DTE and
SERIAL INTERFACES
DCE
EIA Recommended Standard
Uses a 25 pin connector and
(EIA RS)
has been assigned a specific
1. EIA RS232
function by EIA
Is an interface standard
Is a serial communication
between DTE and DCE
standard originally used to
using serial binary data
connect teletype terminals to
exchange
modern devices
Maximum length cable
It limits the interconnecting
between the transmitter
cable length of 15 meters
and receiver should not
with data rate of 20kbps
exceed to 100ft
Connector has 25 pins
Transfer rate is 20kps at
15m
Load impedance at
terminator side range
from 3000 to 7000 ohms
Capacitance of not more
than 2500 pF

2. EIA 422 (formerly RS-

422)
Is a serial data
communication protocol
which specifies 4 wire,
full duplex, differential
line, multidrop
communications and
provides for balanced
data transmission with
unidirectional/non
reversible, terminated or
non terminated
transmission lines.
This interface are
specified by EIA-530
(DB25) or EIA449 (DB37)
Length of cable is 1200
m
Data rates are 10 Mbit/s
at 1.2 or 100kbits at
1200m

3. EIA R423A
Defines electrical
characteristics of
unbalanced voltage
digital interface circuits
Is a single ended, bipolar
and unterminated
voltage circuit
The distance and data
rate capabilities up to
1200 m at a data rate of
3kbps or a higher rates
of up to 300kbps over a
minimum distance of 12
m
 4000ft or just over
4. EIA RS357 1200m
Defines the electrical, Can be made full duplex f. CCITT Rec V.36
functional and by using 4 wires covers the synchronous data
mechanical transmission modems
characteristics of the using 50-108KHz group band
CCITT RECOMMENDED STANDARD
interface between circuits and is applicable
analog facsimile a. CCITT Rec. V.10 (X.26) to the extension of PCM
equipment to be used deals with electrical channel at 64kbps, extension
for data transmission characteristics of of an SCPC circuits from a
and data sets used for unbalanced double current satellite earth station and
controlling – interchange the transmission of a
transmitting the data circuits operating at data multiplex aggregate bit
rates up to stream
5. EIA RS366 100kbps. for telegraph and data
Defines the electrical, similar to EIA RS423A The signals.
functional and driver output voltage is
mechanical specified at The load g. CCITT Rec V.57
characteristics of the resistance of 450 ohms Gives measuring equipment
interface between characteristics for higher
automatic calling b. CCITT Rec V.11 (X.27) than 20kbps data
equipment for DCE and deals with electrical transmission
DTE characteristics of
balanced double current
6. EIA RS408 interchange circuits, US MILITARY RECOMMENDED
Recommends the operating with data signaling STANDARDS
standardization of the 2 rates up To
interfaces between the a. MIL STD 188C
10Mbps.
numerical control This is similar to RS422A with is the military equivalent of RS232C.
equipment (tape reader, the exception of its
etc) and the serial to receiver sensitivity 01c: this can be applied by using external
parallel converter with specified maximum wave shaping components on the
less than 12m of common-mode voltage. driver end and input resistance and
distance. the maximum voltage loss threshold tailoring on the receiver
between generator end.
7. EIA RS449 and load is 6dB.
It is a general purpose b. MIL STD 188-114
37 position and 9 c. CCITT Rec V.24 is similar to RS422A with the
position interface for gives the list of definitions exception of its driver offset
DTE and DCE employing for interfacing circuits voltage level
serial binary interchange between DTE and DCE for
It offers greater transfer of binary data and c. MIL STD 188-144
immunity to noise and control and timing signals. Is similar to RS423A with the
increase the data . definitions are applicable to exception of its loaded circuit
signaling rate to 2 Mbps synchronous and driver output
and permits and asynchronous data
increase of up to 200 m d. MIL STD 1397
in the length of d. CCITT Rec V.28
interconnecting cable has a Transmission rate of 42
gives the electrical
kbps for slow Transmission and
characteristics for
8. EIA-485 (formerly 250 kbps for fast transmission.
unbalanced
RS485) double current interchange DATA COMMUICATION MODEM
It is an electrical circuits.
specification of 2 wire, electrical characteristics It also called as datasets, dataphones,
half-duplex, multipoint specified are applicable 10 or simply modems.
serial connection interchange circuits the analog signals encode The digital
It offers high data operating with data signaling information at the time of modulation
transmission speeds rates below 20kbps. and decode it back during
(35Mbits/s up to 10 m
demodulation to transmit The data.
and 100kbit/s at 1200m e. CCITT Rec V.35
It uses differential designed to operate over the limited
balance line over twisted Rec. v.24 with balanced line bandwidth of the public telephone
pair it can span relatively on transmit data, network are called voice band
large distances up to Receive Data, Transmit Clock modems.
and Receive Clock.
TWO BASIC PHYSICAL TYPES OF
MODEM

1. INTERNAL MODEM
Are plug in circuit board that
sits inside the computer.
it incorporates the serial on
board.
they are less expensive than
external modems because it
does not require a case,
power supply and serial
cable

2. EXTERNAL MODEM
Sit next to computer and
connect to the serial port
using a straight through
serial cable
 3. SWITCHES
4. ROUTERS
5. BRIDGES/BROUTERS
6. GATEWAY
7. ETHERNET
8. NIC (NETWORK INTERFACE
CARD)

3 TYPES OF HUB

1. PASSIVE
2. ACTIVE
3. SMART

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Outline the products and services

necessary for the individual
components within a data
communications network to
operate Together.

set of equipment, transmission

media, and procedures or
protocols.

Includes the concept of levels or

layers of functional responsibility.

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

is the schematic description of a

network arrangement,
connecting various nodes (sender
and receiver) through lines of
connection

Identifies how the various

locations within the network are
interconnected.

DATA COMMUNICATION HARDWARE

DEVICES

KINDS OF NETWORK DEVICES

1. REPEATERS
2. HUB
RING TOPOLOGY CAN BE USED
IN

A. SCHOOL
B. BUILDINGS
C. OFFICES