1.

Prove the followings:

𝑇
1
𝑎0 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
0
𝑇
1
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
0
𝑇
1
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin(𝑛𝜔0 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
0
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐0 + ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑐𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝜃𝑛 )
∞

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐0 + ∑ 𝑐𝑛 sin(𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝜙𝑛 )
𝑛=1
2. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the following waveform. TKR pg 186

3. Find the trigonometric Fourier series coefficients for 𝑥(𝑡) which has even symmetry.
4. Find the trigonometric Fourier series coefficients for 𝑥(𝑡) if it is odd signal.
5. Find the trigonometric Fourier series coefficients for half wave symmetry.
6. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the following square wave as shown below and
sketch the line spectrum. TKR pg 196 This has odd and half wave symmetry
7. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the following triangular wave as shown below
and sketch the line spectrum. TKR pg 198

8. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the following waveform and sketch the line
spectrum. TKR pg 199 Neither even nor odd

9. Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the half wave rectified sine wave and sketch the
line spectrum. TKR pg 201 Neither even nor odd
Weird Integration
 𝑥(𝑡)
𝐴

… -3π -2π -π 0 π 2π 3π … t

10. A Continuous time periodic signal 𝑥(𝑡) is real valued has a fundamental period 𝑇 = 8.
The nonzero Fourier series coefficients for the 𝑥(𝑡) are TKR pg 222
∗
𝑋1 = 𝑋−1 = 2; 𝑋3 = 𝑋−3 = 4𝑗
Express 𝑥(𝑡) in the form
∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐴𝑛 cos(𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝜙𝑛 )
𝑛=0
11. For the continuous time periodic signal TKR pg 222
2𝜋 5𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = 2 + cos ( 𝑡) + 4 sin ( 𝑡)
3 3
Determine the fundamental frequency Omega and Fourier series coefficients 𝑋𝑛 Such that
∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑋𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑛=−∞
12. Find a compact trigonometric Fourier series for the periodic signal TKR pg 223
1
𝑥 (𝑡 ) = 𝑒 − 2 , 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋 Neither even nor odd
Sketch the amplitude and phase Spectra for 𝑥(𝑡). Easy question but lengthy integration
13. Find the exponential Fourier series for the periodic signal TKR pg 224
1
𝑥 (𝑡 ) = 𝑒 − 2 , 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋
Sketch the amplitude and phase Spectra for 𝑥(𝑡). Not difficult but weird integration
14. Support we are given the following information about a signal 𝑥(𝑡): TKR pg 225
a. X is real and odd. very conceptual and a good question
b. 𝑥(𝑡) is periodic with period 𝑇 = 2 and has Fourier coefficients 𝑋𝑛 .
c. 𝑋𝑛 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑛| > 1.
1 2
d. ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡
2 0
= 1.
Specify two different signals that satisfy these conditions.
15. Let 𝑥(𝑡) be a periodic signal whose Fourier series coefficients are TKR pg 225
2, 𝑛=0
𝑋𝑛 = { |𝑛|
𝑗(1/2) 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Use Fourier series properties to answer falling questions:
a. Is 𝑥(𝑡) real?
b. Is 𝑥(𝑡) even?
𝑑
c. Is 𝑥(𝑡) even?
𝑑𝑡

Just need to know the properties of Fourier series coefficients

16. Let 𝑥(𝑡) be periodic signal with fundamental 𝑇 and Fourier series coefficient 𝑋𝑛 . Derive
the Fourier series coefficients of each of following signals in terms of 𝑋𝑛 : TKR pg 226
a. 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) + 𝑥(𝑡 + 𝑡0 )
b. 𝐸{𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥𝑒 (𝑡)
c. 𝑅𝑒{𝑥(𝑡)}
𝑑2 𝑥(𝑡)
d. 𝑑𝑡 2
e. 𝑥(3𝑡 − 1)
17. Supports we are given the following information about a continuous time periodic signal
with period 3 and Fourier series coefficient 𝑋𝑛 : TKR pg 227
a. 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑋𝑛+2
b. 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑋−𝑛
0.5
c. ∫−0.5 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 1
2
d. ∫0.5 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 2.

Determine 𝑥(𝑡).

18. Show that the Fourier series coefficients of the signal, TKR pg 228
∞

𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)𝑦(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑍𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡

𝑛=−∞
are given by the discrete convolution,

𝑍𝑛 = ∑ 𝑋𝑛 𝑌𝑛−𝑘
𝑘=−∞
19. Let 𝑥(𝑡) be real valued signal with fundamental period 𝑇 and Fourier series coefficient TKR pg 228
𝑋𝑛 .
∗
a. Show that 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑋−𝑛 and 𝑋0 must be real.
b. Show that if 𝑥(𝑡) is even, then its Fourier series coefficient must be real and even.
c. Show that if 𝑥(𝑡) is odd, then its Fourier series coefficient must be imaginary and odd
and 𝑋0 = 0.
d. Show that the Fourier series coefficients of the even part of 𝑥(𝑡) are equal to
𝑅𝑒{𝑥(𝑡)}
e. show that the Fourier series coefficients of the odd part of 𝑥(𝑡) are equal to
𝑗𝐼𝑚{𝑥(𝑡)}
20. Find the exponential Fourier series and sketch the corresponding Fourier spectrum 𝑋𝑛
versus 𝜔 for the full way of rectified sine wave.
The waveform for one period is 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(𝑡) , for 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋. TKR pg 231
21. State and prove the properties of continuous time Fourier series.
22. Find the Fourier Transform of continuous time signals, also plot magnitude and phase
response.
 a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑢(𝑡). 𝑎 > 0
All TKR solved eg
b. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎|𝑡| 𝑢(𝑡). 𝑎 > 0
c. 𝑥(𝑡) = sgn(𝑡)

23. Find the inverse Fourier transform of,

a. 𝑋(𝜔) = 𝛿(𝜔) All TKR solved eg
b. 𝑋(𝜔) = 𝛿(𝜔 + 𝜔0 )

24. Find the Fourier Transform.

a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) All TKR solved eg
b. 𝑥(𝑡) = cos(𝜔0 𝑡)
c. 𝑥(𝑡) = sin(𝜔0 𝑡)

25. Find the Fourier Transform, using multiplication property of CTFT, of an exponentially TKR pg 296
damped sinusoidal wave defined by, Dont forget the 1/2pi in this property
−𝑡
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 sin(𝜔𝑐 𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡)

26. Find the Fourier Transform, using multiplication property of CTFT, of an exponentially TKR pg 296
damped sinusoidal wave defined by,
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 cos(𝜔𝑐 𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡)

27. Find the Fourier Transform using appropriate properties.

i. 𝑥(𝑡) = cos(𝜔0 𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡) -- using multiplication property of CTFT
ii. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) -- using differentiation in frequency domain property of CTFT
1
iii. 𝑔(𝑡) = 1+𝑗𝑡 -- using duality property of CTFT
1
TKR pg 301 onwards
iv. 𝑔(𝑡) = 1+𝑡 2 -- using duality property of CTFT
1
v. 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝜋𝑡 -- using duality property of CTFT
vi. 𝑔 (𝑡 ) = 1 ∀ 𝑡 -- using duality property of CTFT

28. Find the inverse Fourier Transform using appropriate properties. TKR pg 306
a. 𝑢(𝜔) -- using duality property of CTFT

29. Consider an LTI system with impulse response ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑢(𝑡). Find a response of this
system when the input is unit step function. TKR pg 313 Do a slight adjustment in the numerator
30. The output of an LTI system in the response to an input 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) is 𝑦(𝑡) =
𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡). Find frequency response and impulse response of the system. TKR pg 315
31. Consider a stable LTI system characterised by the differential equation: TKR pg 315
 𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
+ 𝑎𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑎>0
𝑑𝑡
Find frequency response and impulse response of the system.
32. Consider a stable LTI system characterised by the differential equation: TKR pg 316
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡) Lengthy but easy
2
+4 + 3𝑦(𝑡) = + 2𝑥(𝑡),
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
a. Find frequency response and impulse response of the system.
b. What is the response of this system if the input 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡).
33. Consider a causal LTI system with frequency response,
1 TKR pg 317
𝐻 (𝜔 ) =
3 + 𝑗𝜔
For a particular input 𝑥(𝑡), this system is observed to produce the output,
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
Determine 𝑥(𝑡).
34. A causal and stable LTI system has the frequency response,
4 + 𝑗𝜔 TKR pg 318
𝐻 (𝜔 ) = 2
6 − 𝜔 + 5𝑗𝜔
a. Determine a differential equation relating to the input and output of the system.
b. Determine the impulse response of the system.
c. What is the output of the system when the input is
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑡𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑢(𝑡).
35. Consider a causal and stable LTI system with frequency response,
1 − 𝑗𝜔 TKR pg 325
𝐻 (𝜔 ) =
1 + 𝑗𝜔
a. Show that |𝐻(𝜔)| = 𝐴, and determine the value of 𝐴.
b. Determine which of the following statements is true about 𝜏𝑔 (𝜔) the group delay.
i. 𝜏𝑔 (𝜔) = 0, for 𝜔 > 0
ii. 𝜏𝑔 (𝜔) > 0, for 𝜔 > 0
iii. 𝜏𝑔 (𝜔) < 0, for 𝜔 > 0
36. A causal LTI system has the frequency response 𝐻(𝜔) shown in the following figure.

𝐻 (𝜔 )
2j

1 TKR pg 328

-1 ω Freq response of this filter is -2jw

0

-2j

For each of the following input signal, determine the filtered output signal 𝑦(𝑡).
 a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝑡
b. 𝑥(𝑡) = sin(𝜔0 𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡)
1
c. 𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑗𝜔(6+𝑗𝜔)
1
d. 𝑋(𝜔) = (2+𝑗𝜔)

37. Find the Fourier transform of triangular pulse specified by

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑟(𝑡) + 𝑟(𝑡 − 1) + 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)
38. The output 𝑦(𝑡) of a causal LTI system is related to the input 𝑥 (𝑡) by the equation
∞
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
+ 10𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑥(𝜏)𝑧(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 − 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 −∞
Where 𝑧 (𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) + 3𝛿(𝑡).

Find the frequency response and impulse response of the system.

39. For the LTI system described by the impulse response ℎ(𝑛) = 𝛿(𝑡) − 2𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑢(𝑡). Determine
and sketch the frequency response. Name the type of filter the system response. TKR pg 354

40. Determine and sketch the magnitude and phase response of the LTI causal system described
by differential equation
TKR page 354
𝑑𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑥(𝑡)
+ 𝑦 (𝑡 ) = − 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
41. State and prove the properties of the CTFT.