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Difference between RAM and ROM.

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Difference between RAM and ROM.

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Difference Between RAM and ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory) are both crucial
types of memory in a computer system, but they serve different purposes and have distinct
characteristics.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Definition: RAM is a type of volatile memory that temporarily stores data and instructions
that the CPU needs while performing tasks. It is called “random access” because data can
be read or written in any order, regardless of its physical location.

Characteristics:

Volatile: Data is lost when the power is turned off.


Read/Write: Data can be both read from and written to RAM.
Speed: RAM is much faster than ROM, making it ideal for tasks that require quick
access to data.
Capacity: Typically has a larger capacity compared to ROM, allowing it to store
more data temporarily.

Types:

DRAM (Dynamic RAM): Needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second.


SRAM (Static RAM): Faster and more expensive than DRAM, does not need to be
refreshed as often.

Uses:

Running applications and operating systems.


Temporary storage for data being processed by the CPU.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)


Definition: ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that permanently stores data and
instructions needed for the computer to boot and operate. It is called “read-only” because
data stored in ROM cannot be easily modified or erased.

Characteristics:

Non-volatile: Data is retained even when the power is turned off.


Read-Only: Data can only be read; writing data to ROM is either impossible or
very difficult.
Speed: Slower than RAM because it is not designed for frequent access.
Capacity: Generally smaller in capacity compared to RAM.
Types:

PROM (Programmable ROM): Can be programmed once after manufacturing.


EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased and reprogrammed
using ultraviolet light.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM): Can be erased and
reprogrammed using electrical charge.

Uses:

Storing firmware and BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).


Permanent storage of system-level software that does not change frequently.

Key Differences

RAM (Random Access


Attribute ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Memory)

Volatile (data is lost when Non-volatile (data is retained when


Volatility
power is off) power is off)

Data
Read and write Read-only (or difficult to write)
Access

Speed Faster Slower

Capacity Larger Smaller

Temporary storage for Permanent storage for firmware and


Usage
active processes boot instructions

Types DRAM, SRAM PROM, EPROM, EEPROM

In summary, RAM is used for temporary data storage and quick access during active tasks,
while ROM is used for permanent storage of essential system instructions.

If you have any more questions or need further details, feel free to ask!

: GeeksforGeeks : Crucial

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