International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

INTELLIGENT VEHICLE SPEED CONTROLLER

Amulya A M1, Karuna C V2
1,2 UGStudents, Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering,
Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - The system presented here is aimed at 2. LITERATURE SURVEY
automatically sensing the areas / zones like "School Zone",
"Work Zone" accordingly and inform the driver and also Recent studies show that one third of the number of fatal
assist him in controlling the vehicle. As the design of this or serious accidents are associated with excessive or in
system goes, the system proposed here consists of a set of appropriate speed, as well as changes in the roadway (like
units : Zone / Area Unit and Vehicle Unit. In convention, the presence of road-work or unexpected obstacles).
these special zones or areas are indicated at the roadside on Reduction in the number of accidents and mitigation of
a pillar or road sign poles. As an example, near school zone, their consequences are a big concern for traffic
the sign board displays "School Zone Ahead, Drive Slowly", authorities, the automotive industry and transport
or "Curve Zone Area-Do not go fast"[4]. This project is research groups. One important line of action consists in
developed based on EMBEDDED and RF Technology. When a the use of advanced driver assistance systems, which are
vehicle enters a particular Zone then the signal will be acoustic, hectic or visual signals produced by the vehicle
detected by the Receiver which was transmitted by the itself to communicate to the driver the possibility of a
Transmitter already placed in the Zone. The Signal received collision. These systems are somewhat available in
will be decoded by the microcontroller and alert the driver commercial vehicles today, and future trends indicate that
through a LCD Screen. According to signal received by higher safety will be achieved by automatic driving
Microcontroller controls the DC Motor Speed after a few controls.
seconds from the time it received the signal.
Road transport is important mode of transport in India.
Key Words: Automate, Zone unit, Vehicle unit, India has large network of road throughout the country.
Transmitter, Receiver. India faces the highest number of accidents and accidental
fatalities in the world. Ministry of Road Transport &
1. INTRODUCTION Highways report reveals that India witnesses one road
accident every minute in a year which claims one life in 3
At present accidents occur mostly due to rash driving and minutes. Contrary to the popular belief, only 1.5% of the
over speeding on roads. The accident rates are increasing accidents are caused by defective roads. In majority of the
year to year by more vehicles on to ground. The cases (77%), driver is at fault. This becomes more
government has taken many steps to prevent these kinds dangerous in populated regions like schools or hospitals.
of things but it is not enough. Most of the manufacturers In school areas speed breakers are provided to reduce the
have developed a laser based control system but its cost is speed of vehicles, but the drivers do this manually. Many
too high. At first we had an idea to use laser diodes but it times due to driver’s fault speed is not controlled. This
was costly and then we decided to use IR sensor but it process can be automated by means of RF communication
works only under line of sight so finally we used RF i.e. speed is controlled automatically.
module.
3. COMPONENTS AND SOTWARE


The main objective is to design a Smart Display and
Controller SDC unit for vehicle’s speed control and Arduino: Arduino Uno is a microcontroller
monitors, which can run on an embedded system. Smart board based on the ATmega328P.


Display & Controller unit can be designed to fit into a
vehicle’s dashboard, and it automatically controls vehicle’s 16X2 LCD Module: LCD (Liquid Crystal
speed in different zonal state (like school zone, hill area, U- Display) screen is an electronic display module.


turn, highway etc.)
HT12D IC: HT12D is a decoder integrated
It is composed of two separate units: zone status circuit that belongs to 212 series of decoders.


transmitter unit and receiver (speed display and control)
unit. The wireless transmitter module can send data up to HT12E IC: HT12E is an encoder integrated
100 feet away from the vehicle. Once the information is circuit of 212 series of encoders.


received from the zones, the vehicle’s embedded unit
automatically reduces the speed according to specific RF Transmitter and Receiver: This is a ASK
zone. Hybrid Transmitter and receiver module
operates at 433 MHz frequency.

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2537
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated 4.2 Receiver Circuit

Development Environment contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text The receiver section which is placed on the robot consists
console, a toolbar with buttons for common of an RF Receiver, the HT12D decoder IC, LCD display and
functions and a series of menus. It connects to the arduino.
the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them. ASK RF Receiver receives the data transmitted using ASK
RF Transmitter. HT12D decoder will convert the received
4. IMPLEMENTATION serial data to 4 bit parallel data D0 – D3. The status of
these address pins A0-A7 should match with status of
4.1 Transmitter Circuit address pin in the HT12E at the transmitter for the
transmission of data. 51KΩ resistor will provide the
The transmitter section which is placed at the sensitive necessary resistance required for the internal oscillator of
zones consists of an RF Transmitter[1] and the HT12E the HT12D. The receiver's Data out pins are connected to
encoder IC. arduino digital pins. The decoded 4 bit parallel data is sent
to the arduino which detects the zone and changes the
HT12E Encoder IC[3] will convert the 4 bit parallel data speed accordingly. Pin 17 of the IC can be left open or
given to pins D0 – D3 to serial data and will be available connected to an LED as an indication when a signal is
at DOUT. This output serial data is given to ASK RF received.
Transmitter. Address inputs A0 – A7 can be used to
provide data security and can be connected to GND Also, an LCD display is connected to the arduino[5] to
(Logic ZERO) or left open (Logic ONE). Status of these display when the robot enters the particular zone. Pins 7,
Address pins should match with the status of address 8, 9, 10 of arduino is connected to the Data pins of LCD
pins in the receiver for the transmission of the data. Data display. LCD RS pin is connected to the digital pin 12 and
will be transmitted only when the Transmit Enable pin Enable pin is connected to digital pin 11. Additionally, a
TE is LOW. 1.1MΩ resistor will provide the necessary 10k pot is wired to +5V and GND, with its wiper (output)
external resistance for the operation of the internal to LCD screens VO pin (pin3). A 220 ohm resistor is used
oscillator of HT12E. to power the backlight of the display, usually on pin 15
and 16 of the LCD connector.
It also has an inbuilt short range antenna or we can use
handheld antenna. The antenna type used in the RF
module has a scanning antenna. The scanning antenna
just release the signal and it is in short range. Whenever
an RF receiver come across the transmitter devices the
information transmitted by the transmitter is passed to
the receiver module placed in the vehicle will get the
signal.

Fig -2: Receiver Circuit

5. WORKING
The main objective is to design a Smart Display and
Controller meant for vehicle’s speed control and monitors,
which can run on an embedded system. Smart Display &
Control can be custom designed to fit into a vehicle’s
dashboard, and display information on the vehicle to be
traveled in the different zone and it automatically controls
Fig -1: Transmitter Circuit vehicle’s speed in different zonal state like school zone,
hills area, U-turn, highway etc.).

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The Smart Display and Control Unit is composed of two 6. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
separate units: zone status transmitter unit and receiver
(speed display and control) unit. When the vehicle enters
in the normal area it speed does not decrease and it goes
normally no action is performed. When the vehicle enters
into the restricted areas that means it enters into the
speed limiting. Whenever it enters the transmitter module
just send an information that contains how much speed a
vehicle can go inside the speed limited region. The
transmitter modules operate with a carrier frequency of
418MHz within the 260MHz-470MHz RF spectrum
(unlicensed spectrum) thus avoiding any FCC charges or
regulations. The wireless transmitter module can send
data up to 100 feet away from the vehicle.
Fig -4: Transmitter circuit
The signal or information is then received by the receiver
and the signal acquired from the speed meter is also given
to the controller. The signal is basically analog in nature
that will be converted into digital and the micro controller
is able to process the signal.

Pin 6 of arduino which gives PWM output is used to

control the speed of motors. Pulse Width Modulation, or
PWM, is a technique for getting analog results with digital
means. Digital control is used to create a square wave, a
signal switched between on and off. This on-off pattern
can simulate voltages in between full on (5 Volts) and off
(0 Volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal
spends on versus the time that the signal spends off. The
duration of "on time" is called the pulse width. To get
varying analog values the pulse width is changed. A call Fig -5: Vehicle in Free Zone
to analogWrite() is on a scale of 0 - 255, such that
analogWrite(255) requests a 100% duty cycle (always on),
and analogWrite(127) is a 50% duty cycle (on half the
time).

Fig -6: Vehicle in School Zone

7. APPLICATIONS

 This project can be implemented in automated

systems for wireless control

 It can be used at heavy traffic areas to reduce the

Fig -3: Block Diagram of Overall Implementation drivers efforts of constantly operating the break
and clutch

 It can be used in school zones, hospital zones and

other sensitive areas

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2539
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 It can also be used in ghat section roads where IR Transceiver", International Journal of
visibility of road is not very clear Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and


Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified
This can be used in driving guidance systems and Organization) Vol. 4, Special Issue 6, May 2015
automatic navigation systems

8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

[5] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCryst
alDisplay this link contains tutorial on interfacing
Collision detection and avoidance systems should become
LCD display to arduino
more commonplace with the passage of time. People are
living in a networked world and constantly feel that they
have less time on their hands. It has been jokingly said,
that The more developed a country is, the more time it’s
citizens waste behind the steering wheel. To perfect this
technique, it might take several years, but this project is
surely a step in the right direction. Prevention is better
than cure. So instead of treating patients after an accident,
accidents should be prevented by incorporating this
system. This project is very feasible as very less expensive
parts are used.

We can modify the system with the help of GPS to identify

the zones. We can also modify this with efficient braking
system in associations with air flow control to the
carburetor. This system can be more effectively used for
any kind of automobiles such as bikes, cars, lorries, buses
etc. This system can also be improved to identify the
position and orientation of the vehicle in track.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my immense pleasure to present the paper on
"Intelligent Vehicle Speed Controller". I wish to express
my sincere gratitude to Dr. G. Ravi, Principal, NIE and Dr.
Rohini Nagapadma, HOD, Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, NIE for providing us an
opportunity to work on this project. I sincerely thank

Mr. M. K. Vishwanath, Guide for his guidance and

encouragement in carrying out this work.

REERENCES
[1] Jyothi Kameswari, Satwik , A Design Model for
Automatic Vehicle Speed Controller,
International Journal of Computer Applications,
Vol.35, No.9, 2011

[2] Vinod Rao, Saketh Kuma, Smart Zone Based

Vehicle Speed Control Using RF and Obstacle
Detection and Accident Prevention, )nternational
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering, Vol.4, No.3, 2014

[3] https://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/
Basic-Model-of-RF-Transmitter-Receiver/ this
link contains working of RF Transmitter and
Receiver

[4] Lorate Shiny, A.Rajakumaran, S.Vijay, "Vehicle

Control System with Accident Prevention by Using

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