ENDANGERED SPECIES AND

THREATENED SPECIES
Name : Ritika
M.Sc previous 2nd sem
Institute of Environmental science
Class roll no. 45
Exam roll no. 24
CONTENT
# Introduction
# Endangered species
#Threatened species
#Categories
#Endanagerment factors
# Criteria of enlisting the species
#Efforts for conservation
# List of endangered species and threatened species
#Conclusion
#Refrences
 INTRODUCTION
Endangered species are the species which are likely to extinct
forever from the earth.
These species maybe plants, animals, microbes, fungi , etc.
Extinction of the species has always has been a natural part of the
evolution. The fossil record shows that since life originated about
four billion years ago the vast majority of species that have existed
are now extinct. Extinct species outnumber living ones by a factor of
perhaps a thousand to one.
ENDANGERED SPECIES
▪ A plant, animal or microorganisms that is in intermediate risk
of biological extinction is called endangered species or
threatened species.
▪ In other words, these are those species whose life is under
risk or threat and which are about to be extinct.
▪ These species which was native to a region and their
population strength has reduced from 50 % to 5% , such
species are known as endangered species.
▪ Many factors are responsible for this which may be natural or
man-made.
An endangered species is an animal or plant that’s considered at risk of extinction.
▪ A species can be listed as endangered at the State, federal and international
level.
▪ On the federal level, the endangered species list is managed under the
endangered species Act.
▪ Endangered Species Day, which falls on the third Friday in the may each other,
▪ Its a day to celebrate endangered species success stories and learn about
species still in danger.
 THREATENED SPECIES
▪ Threatened species are any species including animals,
plants and fungi which are vulnerable to extinction in
the near future.

▪ It is characterised by the population dynamics measure

of critical depensation,

▪ A mathematical measure of biomass related to

population growth rate.

▪ Threatened means a species is likely to become

endangered within the foreseeable future.
Difference Endangered species Threatened species

Definition Endangered species is a IUCN category of

plant or animal species threatened species
that is in the verge of contains all the species
extinction that have been
categorized as
endangered and
vulnerable

Nature One category Collective term to refer

three IUCN categories

Extinction In the verge of extinction Not all the species are in

the verge of extinction
CATEGORIES
IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES
▪ Extinct : No known individual remain. Not a single individual is live
of a particular species. They extinct in the world forever.
▪ Ex. Indian Asiatic cheetah, Indian Javan Phinoceros,
Pink- headed Duck, etc
▪ Extinct in the wild: known only to survive in captivity, or as
naturalized Population outside its historic range.
Ex. Wood‘s cycad, Euphorbia mayurnathani, etc
▪ Critically endangered: Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
1. Reduction of population size (<90% over last 10 years).
2. Population size ( no. Less than 50 individual)
3. Quantitative analysis show that, the probability of extinction in wild
atleast 50%in the last 10 years.
Ex. Western gorilla, Nicobar Shree, large rock rat , Bengal Florican
Pondicherry shark, etc.
▪ Endangered species: High risk of extinction in the wild.
1. Reduction in population size (70% over the last 10 years)
2. Population size (estimated to be less than 250 mature individuals)
3. Quantitative analysis show that, the probability of extinction in
wild at least 20% in 20 years.
Ex. Golden langur, Indian wild dog, Nilgiri Tahr, etc.
▪ Vulnerable species: High risk of endangerment in the wild.
1. Reduction in population size (50% over the last 10 years) .
2. Population size (estimated numbered to be fewer than 10,000
individual)
3. Quantitative analysis show that, the probability of extinction in wild
10% within 100 years.
Ex.Great Hornbill, Olive Ridley Turtle, Sarus Crane, Snow Leopard,etc.
▪ Near Threatened species: Likely to become endangered in near future.
▪ Least concerned species :At lowest risk. Widespread, abundant taxa
most include in this category.
 CRITERIA FOR ENLISTED THE SPECIES
▪ The IUCN system uses a set of five quantitative criteria to assess
the extinction risk of a given species. In general, these criteria
consider:
▪

▪ The rate of population decline

▪ The geographic range
▪ Whether the species already possesses a small population size
▪ Whether the species is very small or lives in a restricted area
▪ Whether the results of a quantitative analysis indicate a high
probability of extinction in the wild
 STEP TAKEN FOR PROTECTION OF
ENDANGERED SPECIES
▪

▪ The Government has taken several steps for protection of

Ll

endangered species of wild animals in the country, which are as

following:-
▪ Legal protection has been provided to wild animals against hunting and
commercial exploitation under the provisions of the Wild Life (Protection)
Act, 1972.
▪
▪ The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 has been amended and made more
stringent. The punishment for offences under the Act have been enhanced.
The Act also provides for forfeiture of any equipment, vehicle or weapon
that is used for committing wildlife offence(s).
▪
▪ Protected Areas, viz., National Parks, Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves
and Community Reserves covering important wildlife habitats have been
created all over the country under the provisions of the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972 to conserve wild animals and their habitats..
▪ Financial and technical assistance is provided to the State/ Union
Territory Governments under the Centrally Sponsored Schemes of
‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’, ‘Project Tiger’ and ‘Project
Elephant’ for providing better protection to wildlife, and improvement of
its habitat.
▪
▪ The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been empowered under the
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to apprehend and prosecute wildlife
offenders.
▪
▪ The State/Union Territory Governments have been requested to
strengthen the field formations and intensify patrolling in and around the
Protected Areas.
▪
▪ The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has been set up to strengthen the
enforcement of law for control of poaching and illegal trade in wildlife and
its products.
▪

▪
 ENDANGERED SPECIES
▪In India there are 410 species, 186 genera,
45 families and 13 orders of which nearly
89 species are listed as threatened in
the International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List
of Threatened Animals (IUCN 2006). This
includes two species that are locally extinct
from India viz. Acinonyx
jubatus and Rhinoceros sondaicus.
ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST OF MAMMALS :
▪ Asiatic Golden Cat (Felis temmincki)
▪ Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)
▪ Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus)
▪ Indian Wild Ass or Khur (Equus hemionus khur)
▪ Asiatic Wild Dog/ Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
▪ Asiatic Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus)
▪ Banteng (Bos javanicus)
▪ Bengal Fox (Vulpes bengalensis)
▪ Brow-antlered Deer (Cervus eldi eldi)
▪ Markhor (Capra falconeri)
▪ Mandelli’s mouse-eared bat (Myotis sicarius)
▪ Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata)
▪ Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii)
▪ Nicobar flying fox (Pteropus faunulus)
▪ Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii)
▪ Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
▪ Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica)
▪ Palm rat (Rattus palmarum)
▪ Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
▪ Red goral (Naemorhedus baileyi)
▪ Rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus)
▪ Snow leopard (Uncia uncia)
▪ Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)
▪ Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES
▪ 15 bird species from India are in critically endangered list March 14, 2014. The International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Birds 2013 marked 15 species of birds from
India as critically endangered.

▪ Critically endangered
▪

▪ Birds

▪ White-bellied heron (Ardea insignis)

▪ Great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps)
▪ Forest owlet (Athene blewitti)
▪ Baer’s pochard (Aythya baeri)
▪ Spoon-billed sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus)
▪ Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus)
▪ White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)
▪ Indian vulture (Gyps indicus)
▪ Slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)
▪ Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
▪ Himalayan quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)
▪ Jerdon’s courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus)
 FISH
Knifetooth sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
Ganges shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
Deccan labeo (Labeo potail)
Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)
Longcomb sawfish (Pristis zijsron)

Reptiles and amphibians

Northern river terrapin (Batagur baska)
Red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga)
Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Ghats wart frog (Fejervarya murthii)
Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Gundia Indian frog (Indirana gundia)
 MAMMALS
▪

▪ Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi)

▪ Himalayan wolf (“Canis himalayensis”)
▪ Kash (Crocidura andamanensis)
▪ Jenkins’ shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi)
▪ Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica)
▪ Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
▪ Kondana soft-furred rat (Millardia kondana)
▪ Pygmy hog (Porcula salvania)
▪ Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
▪ Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina)
CONCLUSION
▪ An Endangered species Is one Which has been
categorize by the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF
CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL
RESOURCES (IUCN) as likely to Become extinct.
Conservation biologists use the IUCN Red List , where
endangered is the second
Most severe conservation status for wild protection,
following critically endangered
.Many species like tiger, langur, pangolins, saltwater
crocodile, snow leopard etc.
These were in the list of endangered species.
REFERENCE
epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
a-z-animals.com/blog/6-extinct-species-in-india/
www.google.com/
www.floweraura.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals_of_India
www.iucn.org/search?type%5B0%5D=event&f%5B0%5D=topic%3A1
19
www.iucnredlist.org/about/faqs#How%20do%20I%20get%20a%20co
py
www.slideshare.net/aiswaryab916/endangered-species-power-point-
presentation