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robotics_revision

Uploaded by

unknown33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Robotics!

!
Typical exam questions:!
• Where are robots used in industry?!
• List the advantages and disadvantages of using robots in industry?!
• What areas, other than manufacturing, are robots used and why?!
• How are the robots controlled? Explain computer interface, software,
feedback!
• What do certain computer terms mean? CPU, CAM, CNC, CAD, RAM, ROM!
• What are sensors on robots used for?!
• What does ‘degrees of freedom’ mean?!
• Why are high end robots used more in the developed world?!
• What are some examples of robotic devices in the home?!
• What power sources can be used to power robots?!
!
!
Where are robots used?
Manufacturing industries - Car production, healthcare, !
Exploration - Deep sea, space!
Medical - Hazardous areas, precision !
Bomb disposal!
!
Advantages:! Disadvantages:!
• More accurate than humans in most cases! • Can result in loss of jobs!
• Safer to use rather than risk human life! • Can be expensive to install/maintain!
• Can repeat same procedures over and over • Require maintenance!
again! • Need to be programmed accurately!
• Can be controlled from far away! • Can work in conditions that humans would
• Don’t need to be payed, won’t get sick etc.! not survive in
!
Programming
Computers must be told what to do. They store this information in their
‘brain’; a chip. Computer programmers write programmes that tell the
robot what to do. This is then saved onto the chip and the robot will
perform the task.!
!
Computer interface!
This is the digital screen that shows the controls etc. that can be
applied to the machine. It can also be on the computer itself
showing all the inputs, processes and outputs etc.!
!
Software !
Just as with any computer programme, there is software that
runs the robot. This must be kept up to date. The software
allows the programmes to run.!
!
Feedback & Sensors!
Feedback is essential for the robot to work. Just as we have our sense of touch, sight etc. to
tell our brain what is going on and what to do, a robot does as well. The robot
uses infrared sensors, capacitance sensors, heat sensors and many more to
send information back (feedback) to the programme so it will know exactly
where it is and what to do.!
!
Degrees of freedom!
This is the amount of freedom the robot has to move around to
perform whatever task it is doing.!
Example: A train has only one degree of freedom - Forwards or
reverse!
The more degrees of freedom a robot has the more complex
tasks it can perform. But they can become very expensive,
difficult to programme and have a greater chance of breaking.!
!
!
!
!
Power sources
• Electricity!
• Pneumatic (Air)!
• Hydraulic (liquid)!
!
Terms
• CPU - Central Processing Unit!
• CAM - Computer Aided Manufacture!
• CAD - Computer Aided Design!
• CNC - Computer Numerically Controlled!
• RAM - Random Access Memory!
• ROM - Read Only Memory!
!
!
Developed world vs Developing world
!
High end robotic devices usually used in developed world.!
• Very expensive to set up!
• Cost of labour in developed world is much more expensive so using robots is usually cheaper!
• Energy requirements to power them!
• Highly skilled and trained workers needed to programme and maintain robots!
!
!
Robots in the Home
• Washing machine!
• Stair lift!
• Dishwasher!
• ‘Human like’ robots to clean the home
and perform tasks!
• Automatic vacuum cleaners!
• Some game consoles

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