RESEARCH

Presented by: Rea Jane O. De Luna, LPT, RPm, CHRA

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS AND
PROCEDURE
Presented by: Rea Jane F. Ornedo, LPT, RPm
 Writing Chapter 3
- Begin the chapter with a brief
explanation of what the chapter
is all about.
 Writing the Introductory
Paragraph
This chapter presents the discussion on
the research methodology of the study, the
subjects, sampling technique, research
instruments, procedure of data gathering,
and statistical treatment that will be used for
accurate data analysis and interpretation
 CHAPTER III
I. Research Design
II. Respondents of the Study
III. Research Instrument
IV. Data Gathering Procedure
V. Treatment of Data
 Research Design
- Is the framework of research
methods and techniques chosen
by a researcher to conduct a
study
Research Design
✔ Experimental
✔ Survey research
✔ Correlational
✔ Semi-experimental
✔ Review
 The Process of Research Design
1. Consider your aims and approaches
2. Choose a type of Research Design
3. Identify your population and sampling
method.
4. Choose your data collection methods
5. Plan your data collection procedures
6. Decide on your data analysis strategies
 Research Design Elements
1. Accurate purpose statement
2. Techniques to be implemented for collecting and
analyzing research
3. The method applied for analyzing collected details
4. Type of research methodology
5. Probable objections to research
6. Settings for the research study
7. Timeline
8. Measurement of analysis
Characteristics of Research Design
Characteristics of Research Design
Characteristics of Research Design
 Research Design Types
1. Qualitative Research- it determines
relationships between collected data
and observations based on
mathematical calculations.
- conclude “why” a particular theory
exists and “what” respondents have to say
about it
 Research Design Types
2. Quantitative Research- it is for cases
where statistical conclusions to collect
actionable insights are essential.
-
 Research Design Types
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Focus on explaining and
Focus on quantifying and measuring
understanding experiences and
phenomena.
perspectives.
Use of non-numerical data, such as Use of numerical data, such as
words, images, and observations. statistics and surveys.
Usually uses small sample sizes. Usually uses larger sample sizes.
Typically emphasizes in-depth Typically emphasizes precision and
exploration and interpretation. objectivity.
Data analysis involves interpretation Data analysis involves statistical
and narrative analysis. analysis and hypothesis testing.
Results are presented numerically
Results are presented descriptively.
and statistically.
 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
PARTICIPANTS
-TARGET POPULATION and the SAMPLE
-Demographic information such as age,
gender, and ethnicity of your sample
-Procedures for selecting the sample should
be outlined, including justification for the
sampling method, also known as Sampling
Procedure
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
POPULATION- is a group of individuals
that have the same characteristics
 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
SAMPLE- is a sub-group of the target
population that the researcher plans to study
for the purpose of making generalizations
about the target population.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING-
the selection of individuals from the
population so that they are
representative of the population
 SAMPLING PROCEDURES
NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING-
Sampling is the selection of participants because
they are available, convenient, or represent some
characteristic the investigator wants to study
 Qualitative Research
1. Purposive Sampling
 Qualitative Research
2. Convenience Sampling
Quantitative Research-Random Sampling
3. Simple Random Sampling
Quantitative Research-Random Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
Quantitative Research-Random Sampling
5. Stratified Sampling
Quantitative Research-Random Sampling
6. Systematic Sampling
 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
-is a tool used to collect, measure, and
analyze data related to your research
interests.
- can include interviews, tests, surveys,
or checklists.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
• Valid and reliable
• Based on a conceptual framework, or the researcher’s
understanding of how the particular variables in the study connect
with each other.
• Must gather data suitable for and relevant to the research topic.
• Able to test hypothesis and/or answer proposed research
questions under investigation.
• Free of bias and appropriate for the context, culture, and diversity
of the study site.
• Contains clear and definite instructions to use the instrument.
Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
 Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
1. Structure Interview-
 Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
2. Unstructured Interview-
 Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
3. Non-Directive Interview-
 Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
3.Focus Interview-
 Types of Research Instruments:
INTERVIEWS
4.Focus Group Interview-
Types of Research Instruments:
OBSERVATIONS
 Types of Research Instruments:
OBSERVATIONS
1. Structured Observations
 Types of Research Instruments:
OBSERVATIONS
2. Naturalistic Observation
 Types of Research Instruments:
OBSERVATIONS
3. Participant Observation
 Types of Research Instruments:
SURVEYS
1. Survey Research
 Types of Research Instruments:
SURVEYS
2. Free-Answer
 Types of Research Instruments:
SURVEYS
3. Guided Response Type
 DATA COLLECTION
- Is the procedure of collecting,
measuring, and analyzing accurate
insights for research using standard
validated techniques.
DATA COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION

EXAMPLE