CLASS XII

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

PROBABILITY L6

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 HOMEWORK

1. Find the mean and standard deviation of each of the following probability distributions:

Sol: (i)

(ii)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
(iii)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
(iv)

(v)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
(vi)

(vii)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
(viii)

(ix)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
2. A discrete random variable 𝑋 has the probability distribution given below:
𝑋: 05 1 15 2
𝑃(𝑋): 𝑘 𝑘 2𝑘 𝑘
(i) Find the value of 𝑘.
(ii) Determine the mean of the distribution. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
Sol: (i)

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
(ii)

3. Find the mean variance and standard deviation of the following probability distribution

𝑥: 𝑎 𝑏

𝑝: 𝑝 𝑞

where 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 1.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
4. Find the mean and variance of the number of tails in three tosses of a coin.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
5. Two cards are drawn simultaneously from a pack of 52 cards. Compute the mean and
standard deviation of the number of kings.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
6. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of tails in three tosses
of a coin.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
7. Two bad eggs are accidently mixed up with ten good ones. Three eggs are drawn at
random with replacement from this lot. Compute the mean for the number of bad eggs
drawn.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
8. A pair of fair dice is thrown. Let X be the random variable which denotes the minimum
of the two numbers which appear. Find the probability distribution, mean and variance
of 𝑋.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
9. A fair coin is tossed four times. Let 𝑋 denote the number of heads occurring. Find the
probability distribution, mean and variance of 𝑋.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
10. A fair die is tossed. Let 𝑋 denote twice the number appearing. Find the probability
distribution, mean and variance of 𝑋.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
11. A fair die is tossed. Let 𝑋 denote 1 or 3 according as an odd or an even number
appears. Find the probability distribution, mean and variance of 𝑋.
Sol:

12. A fair coin is tossed four times. Let 𝑋 denote the longest string of heads occurring.
Find the probability distribution, mean and variance of 𝑋.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
13. Two cards are selected at random one by one without replacement from a box which
contains five cards numbered 1,1,2,2, and 3. Let 𝑋 denote the sum and 𝛾 the maximum
of the two numbers drawn. Find the probability distribution, mean and variance of 𝑋
and 𝑌.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
14. A die is tossed twice. A 'success' is getting an odd number on a toss. Find the variance
of the number of successes.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
15. A box contains 13 bulbs, out of which 5 are defective. 3 bulbs are randomly drawn,
one by one without replacement, from the box. Find the probability distribution of the
number of defective bulbs.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
16. In roulette, Fig. below, the wheel has 13 numbers 0,1,2, … . ,12 marked on equally
spaced slots. A player sets ₹10 on a given number. He receives ₹ 100 from the
organiser of the game if the ball comes to rest in this slot; otherwise he gets nothing.
If 𝑋 denotes the player's net gain/loss, find 𝐸(𝑋).

Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
17. Three cards are drawn at random (without replacement) from a well shuffled pack of
52 cards. Find the probability distribution of number of red cards. Hence find the mean
of the distribution.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
18. An urn contains 5 red 2 black balls. Two balls are randomly drawn, without
replacement. Let X represent the number of black balls drawn. What are the possible
values of X ? Is X a random variable? If yes, find the mean and variance of 𝑋.
Sol:

19. Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from positive integers
2,3,4,5, 6 and 7. Let 𝑋 denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find the mean
and variance of the probability distribution of 𝑋.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
20. In a game, a man wins ₹ 5 for getting a number greater than 4 and loses ₹ 1 otherwise,
when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but to quit as and
when he gets a number greater than 4 . Find the expected value of the amount he
wins/lose.
Sol:

21. Find the probability distribution of the random variable 𝑋, which denotes the number
of doublets in four throws of a pair of dice. Hence, find the mean of the number of
doublets(X).
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
22. A discrete random variable has the following probability distribution
𝑋: 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑃(𝑋): 4𝑐 3𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 2𝑐
(i) Find the value of 𝑐
(ii) Find the mean of the distribution
(iii) Given Σ𝑝 𝑋 = 14, find the variance of the distribution.

23. From a lot of 30 bulbs which include 6 defective bulbs, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn
at random one by one with replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number
of defective bulbs and hence find the mean number of defective bulbs.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
24. Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing
equal number of red balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of red balls.
Also, find the mean of the random variable.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
25. A box contains 10 tickets, 2 of which carry a prize of ₹8 each, 5 of which carry a prize
of ₹4 each and remaining 3 carry a prize of ₹2 each. If one ticket is drawn at random,
find the mean value of the prize.
Sol:

Basement No. 1, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277