PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 3) MOTIVATION - This function concerns

MODULE 1 expressing one's desires, goals,

 COMMUNICATION is the process of inclinations, choices, preferences, likes and
transmitting information and common dislikes, and needs and wants. Stating "I'd
understanding from one person to another like to become a teacher" manifests an
(Keyton, 2011); aspiration.

ELEMENTS 4) INFORMATION - Verbal communication

1. SENDER is the encoder or the source of the plays a major role in disseminating
message. information whether by asking for or giving
directions, instruction, or ideas.
2. MESSAGE refers to the ideas and feelings 5) EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION - One
encoded. It may be in verbal form (words) or communicates orally to show one's
nonverbal symbols (paralanguage, including feelings and emotions. A person
pitch, tone, and volume; body language, saying "I'm hurt" is voicing out what
including gestures and facial expressions, he or she feels.
posture, and eye movement; physical
distance to the receiver J Nonverbal communication, which is as
important as verbal communication, is the
3. RECEIVER is the decoder or the recipient of conveyance of meaning by means of body
the message. language (e.g., gestures, facial expression,
eye contact, posture or paralanguage (e.g.,
4. CHANNEL, also called medium, is a vehicle pitch, volume, speaking rate) instead of
used in message conveyance. It is based on spoken or written words.
the form of delivery (verbal or nonverbal)
and the means used in delivering (face-to- J Specific classifications of nonverbals
face or technology-mediated). include: proxemics (space), chronemics
(time), oculesics (eye movement), haptics
5. FEEDBACK pertains pertains to the verbal (touch), kinesics (body movements,
or nonverbal responses to the sender's gestures, facial expressions), objectics
encoded signals. It gives information on how (clothing, ornaments, jewelry, other
the message is interpreted. artifacts), vocalics (voice), olfactorics
(smell), colorics (colors), pictics (pictures),
6. INTERFERENCE OR NOISE relates to the iconics (signs/symbols).
factors that hinder the recipient's ability to
send or receive messages. Serving as a FUNCTIONS OF NONVERBAL
barrier to communication, it can be external COMMUNICATION
(physical environment, e.g., a loud party) or 1) TO REPLACE - Actions can replace or
internal (psychological/mental interference, substitute speech. For instance, one can
e.g., biases and wandering thoughts; shrug shoulders instead of saying "I
physiological, e.g., articulation problem; don't know" and wave hands instead of
semantic, e.g., jargon and abstract ideas). saying goodbye.

7. CONTEXT is the situation/environment 2) TO REPEAT (REPETITION) - Gestures

duplicate and reinforce one's message.
J Verbal communication is the use of Nonverbal communication can either
sounds and words to impart one's occur simultaneously with the verbal or
thoughts or feelings. follow and repeat the word said. For
example, the act of nodding while saying
FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION yes is a restatement, and so does
1) REGULATION (CONTROL) - The spoken pointing while giving directions.
language is used to control one's or other
people's behavior or activities. For 3) TO COMPLEMENT
example, a teacher who gives students (COMPLEMENTATION) - This nonverbal
instructions on what to do says, "Raise your enhances and adds nuance to the
hand if you have any questions." meaning of a verbal message. By way of
illustration, one rubs one's stomach
2) SOCIAL INTERACTION - A person speaks when feeling hungry or says "I passed
to create relationships, form associations, the test" with a sarcastic tone.
develop intimacy, and maintain bonds and
connections with other people. A colleague 4) TO ACCENT (ACCENTUATION) - To
encouraging a fellow employee by saying, accent is to emphasize certain parts of
"Don't worry. You can do this," can be a the verbal intent or the utterance. It is
case of starting a friendlier camaraderie. often done by increasing voice volume,
prolonging a word, moving forward, and
 even widening the eyes. If the "very" in 4. Commit yourself to the courageous
the line "I'm VERY angry with you" is expression of your personal convictions in
emphasized, it is likely louder. pursuit of fairness and justice.

5) TO REGULATE (REGULATION)- 5. Accept responsibility for the short-term and

Nonverbals can be used to control the long-term consequences of your own
flow of conversations. For instance, to communication and expect the same from
signal the beginning of an interaction, others.
one must face the person, move closer,
or look at him or her directly. 6. Avoid plagiarism-the presentation of the
work of another person in such a way as to
6) TO CONTRADICT (CONTRADICTION) - give the impression that the other's work is
A contradiction occurs when verbal and your own.
nonverbal messages contradict each
other. Saying "I'm all right" with a frown 7. Promote honesty, truthfulness, and accuracy
is an example of nonverbal cues as essentials to the integrity of
contradicting verbal statements. communication.

7) TO DECEIVE (DECEPTION)- Gestures J In brief, communication is ethical when it

and actions supplement the message, follows certain established principles or
therefore making it believable. Remarks rules of conduct.
such as "I like it" as a compliment,
though not sincere, may sound
convincing if they are said with
eagerness

J According to Albert Mehrabian, a

psychologist known for his pioneering work
on nonverbal communication, when words
and body language contradict, one is
inclined to believe the latter (Belludi, 2008).

MEDIATED COMMUNICATION is an interaction

carried out by using information communication
technology, such as mobile phones, computers,
and the Internet. This means of
sending/receiving messages can be synchronous
or asynchronous.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL

COMMUNICATION (Hybels & Weaver, 2009;
Wood, 2014). The first five are laid down by the
National Communication Association (NCA), an
organization of American teachers and public
speakers. The sixth principle is echoed by Wood
(2014),

1. Strive to understand and respect others'

communications before evaluating and
responding to their messages.

2. Help promote communication climates of

caring and mutual understanding that
protect the unique needs and characteristics
of individual communicators.

3. Condemn communication that degrades

individuals and humanity through
distortions, intolerance, intimidation,
coercion, hatred, or violence.