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LESSON17

Gender and society

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15 views

LESSON17

Gender and society

Uploaded by

shaineemaezamora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WOMEN &

THE LAW
LESSON 17
DEFINITION OF TERMS
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
The fundamental law of the country upon
which all the laws are anchored or based on;
MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN
The main law enshrining all the rights of
women and their roles in building the nation;
NATION BUILDING
Collaborative efforts and means to establish
and develop the country.
INTRODUCTION
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
The Philippines is known for its very liberal and
progressive Constitution that was formulated during
the euphoria of People Power Revolution in 1986.
Gender equality is a key element of this Charter
and as enshrined in Article II Section 14 of the 1987
Constitution, "the State recognizes the role of
women in nation-building and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women
and men."
Considering the unequal gender relations in the country, the
Constitution further provided for women representation (as
one of the nine marginalized sectors) in the legislature
through the party-list system (which should cover 20% of the
lower house).

Finally, Article 13 Section 14 specifically mentioned that the


"State shall protect working women by providing safe and
healthful working conditions, taking into account their
maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities
that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize
their full potential in the service of the nation".
VARIOUS LAWS
PROMOTING
GENDER EQUALITY
-PIA JEAN LAPINIG
LEGAL GOVERNMENT
CODE OF 1991
Provides for the election of
sectoral representation, including
women, in local legislatove council.

PARYY LIST LAW


Provides for the creation of
women-oriented or women-
based parties to compete
under the party-list system.
Women is one of the nine
sector identified in the law.
LABOR CODE (1989)
Covers issues, such as night work prohibition, specifies that employers
must provide special facilities for women, prohibition of discrimination
against women in respect to terms and conditions of employment, and
prohibition of discrimination by reason of marriage of a woman worker.
WOMEN IN NATION BUILDING
Republic Act 7192 (1991) is an act promoting the integration of
women as full and equal partners of men in development and
nation-building. The law provides that a substantial portion of
government resources be utilized to support programs and
activities for women. The law also encourages the full participation
and involvement of women in the development process and to
remove gender bias in all government regulations and procedures.
In relation to gender budgeting, the law specifically mandated all
agencies to allocate a minimum of 5%, increasing to 30%, of all
official development funds in mainstreaming gender concerns.
1988 COMPREHENSIVE AGRIARIAN REFORM LAW
Gave Filipino women the right to own land that previously
reverted to sons and other male family members.
REPUBLIC ACT 7688 (1994)
An act giving representation to women
in social security commission.
ANTI-SEXUAL HARASSMENT LAW RA 7877 (1995)
An act declaring sexual harassment to be
unlawful in the employment, education, or
training environment.
REPUBLIC ACT 7822 (1995)
An act providing assistance to women engaging
in micro and cottage business enterprises.
REPUBLIC ACT 8353 (1997)
An act expanding the definition of the crime
of rape, reclassifying the same as a crime
against persons.
NATIONAL
PROGRAMS
-ALTHEA MARVIE MOCALINO
PHILIPPINES PLAN FOR GENDER DEVELOPMENT (1995-2025)
The National Plan for Women that consolidates the
action commitments of the Philippines during the
Beijing World Conference on Women. This is the
overall frame that is also the point of reference for
the discussions and monitoring of gender
mainstreaming.

GENDER DEVELOPMENT BUDGET (GAD)


Integral to the national plan, it is
aimed at "institutionalizing gender
concerns in the mainstream
development process and agenda
and not just peripheral programs
and projects of the government."
FRAMEWORK PLAN FOR WOMEN (FPW)
This is part of the Philippine Plan
for Women developed to focus on
three thrusts, namely: promoting
women's economic empowerment;
advance and protect women
human rights; and promote gender
responsive governance. This plan
identifies the concrete gender
issues that will be addressed,
pinpoint targets and indicators,
name programs, formulates the
implementation plan, and set-up
tools for monitoring and evaluation.
WOMEN'S RIGHTS
TO PARTICIPATE
-EVELYN JUMALON
Women's right to vote was granted in 1937.

The Constitution of 1935 stipulated that the right of suffrage


would be extended to women, only if 300,000 women voted in
its favor during a national plebiscite.

This consolidated the emerging women's movement and


"brought to the fore the activism of such women as
Concepcion Felix de Calderon who formed the Asociacion
Feminista Filipina in June 1905, Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and a
young Trinidad Almeda, Miss Constancia Poblete, founder of
Liga Femenina de la Paz, Pura Villanueva Kalaw and Paz
Mendoza Guazon, Pilar Hidalgo Lim, President of the National
Federation of Women's Clubs and Josefa Llanes Escoda,
president of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines"
(Ugnayan ng Kababaihan sa Pulitika 1998).
The General Council of Women was then established in
Manila to direct the plebiscite campaign. Its aim was to
draw the support of the broadest number of women. As it
turned out, 447,725 women voted yes in the 1937
plebiscite. Interestingly, 44,307 women voted against the
provision. What followed was a colorful history of
women's foray into the various levels of electoral
victories, but generally pushed by familial affiliation and
elite association.

At present, women's right to vote and participate are


maintained and further protected by existing laws at
hand.
WOMEN'S
INVOLVEMENT IN
CIVIL SOCIETY
-BARRY TANGYAN
Women's expressions of involvement in civil
society could be through organizing along gender-
specific issues and formation of all-women groups
within broad coalitions as power-enhancing
mechanisms.

Groups such as :
• THE PILIPINA - feminist movement
• THE MILITANT GABRIELA - women's group
•THE UGNAYAN NG KABABAIHAN SA PULITIKA
(UKP) - Network of Women in Politics
•THE KILOS KABARO (Act Sisters Coalition)
•THE SIBOL Legislative Network - have trail blazed
women advocacies both in policies and in
legislations.
There also exist a so-called "Philippine NGO Beijing
Score Board" which evolved from the National
Steering Committee (NSC) of NGOs for the United
Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, and this
lead in the national monitoring of the government's
implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action.
Along with other women groups and gender-oriented
institutions, they have succeeded in raising gender-
specific issues such as domestic violence, prostitution,
reproductive health, sexual harassment, and rape.
Intense lobbying efforts by the women's groups
resulted in the passage of several landmark laws,
among them is the anti-sexual harassment law in 1995
and the anti-rape act in 1997. The gains of the
women's movement are basically achieved through
various partnerships with the rest of the civil society.
WOMEN &
EDUCATION
-RITCHEL ARALQUEZ
The Philippine educational system
is a combination of public and private
institutions with the State providing free
education for elementary and secondary
levels. The Constitution provides that
without "...limiting the natural rights of
parents to rear their children,
elementary education is compulsory for
all children of school age...
(Article VIX, Section 2).
There is no general discrimination of girls
in education, thus, there is no marked
differences existing in the educational
status of Filipino women and men.
One glaring issue is the gender
stereotyping of fields of study and
specialization and its onward translation
into the world of work where men generally
occupy the highest occupational ranks and
the highest paying positions.

Women's larger responsibility for


housework and for the family impedes their
ability to use their educational training and
skills for remunerative work.
THANK
YOU

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