DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. It was designed to
produce a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal work pieces.

Types of drilling machines

The different types of drilling machines are:

1. Portable drilling machine (or) Hand drilling machine

2. Sensitive drilling machine (or) Bench drilling machine

3. Upright drilling machine

4. Radial drilling machine

5. Gang drilling machine

6. Multiple spindle drilling machine

7. Deep hole drilling machine

1. Portable drilling machine (or) Hand drilling machine-

Portable drilling machine Portable drilling machine can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop. It
is used for drilling holes on work pieces in any position, which is not possible in a standard drilling machine.

2. Sensitive drilling machine (or) Bench drilling machine

It is designed for drilling small holes at high speeds in light jobs. High speed and hand feed are necessary
for drilling small holes

3. Upright drilling machine

The upright drilling machine is designed for handling medium sized workpieces. Though it looks like a
sensitive drilling machine, it is larger and heavier than a sensitive drilling machine. Holes of diameter upto
50mm can be made with this type of machine

4. Radial drilling machine

A radial drilling machine is used in various metalworking and fabrication industries for drilling
operations. As the name suggests, the machine's radial arm can rotate and extend in different
directions, positioning the drilling head at different points on the workpiece. This flexibility enables the
radial drilling machine to handle a wide range of drilling operations, from simple hole drilling to
complex and precise machining tasks. With its robust construction, easy adjustability, and multiple
spindle speeds, the radial drilling machine offers efficient and accurate drilling solutions for
manufacturing, construction, automotive, and aerospace industries.

5. Gang drilling machine

Gang drilling machine has a long common table and a base. Four to six drill heads are placed side by
side.

6. Multiple spindle drilling machine

This machine is used for drilling a number of holes in a work piece simultaneously and for reproducing
the same pattern of holes in a number of identical pieces.
7. Deep hole drilling machine

A special machine and drills are required to drill deeper holes in barrels of gun, spindles and connecting
rods. The machine designed for this purpose is known as deep hole drilling machine

Radial drilling machine

Base- The base is a large rectangular casting and is mounted on the floor of the shop.

Column -The column is a cylindrical casting, which is mounted vertically at one end of the base. It
supports the radial arm and allows it to slide up and down on its face.
Radial arm -The radial arm is mounted on the column parallel to the base and can be adjusted vertically.
The vertical front surface is accurately machined to provide guide ways for the drill head.

Drill head -The drill head is mounted on the radial arm and houses all mechanism for driving the drill at
different speeds and at different feed. A motor is mounted on top of the drill head for this purpose

Table-It is provided to hold the work holding device.

Work holding devices

The work should be held firmly on the machine table before performing any operation on it.

The devices used for holding the work in a drilling machine are

1. Drill vise

2. ‘T’ - bolts and clamps

3. Step block

4. V – block

5. Angle plate

6. Drill jigs

1. Drill vise
Vise is one of the important devices used for holding work piece on a drilling machine table. The work is
clamped in a vise between a fixed jaw and a movable jaw.
2. ‘T’ - bolts and clamps
The work pieces can be held directly on the machine table by means of ‘T’ - bolts and clamps. The top of
the machine table has ‘T’ - slots into which ‘T’ - bolts may be fitted.

3. Step block
4. V – block

5. Angle plate
Tool holding devices used in a drilling machine
Different tools are used for performing different operations. They are fitted into the drill spindle by
different methods. They are

1. By directly fitting in the spindle

2. By a sleeve

3. By a socket
4. By a chuck

5. Tapping attachment

1. Spindle
Almost all drilling machines have their spindle bored out to a standard taper (1:20) to receive the taper
shank of the tool. While fitting the tool, the shank of the drill (or any other tool) is forced into the tapered
hole and the tool is gripped by friction.

2. Sleeve
The drill spindle is suitable for holding only one size of tool shank. If the shank of the tool is smaller than
the taper in the spindle hole, a taper sleeve is used. The outside taper of the sleeve conforms to the
spindle taper and the inside taper holds the shanks of the smaller size tools
3. Socket

4. Chuck
This type of chuck is particularly adapted for holding tools having straight shanks. The drill chuck has a
taper shank which fits into the taper hole of the spindle. The jaws fitted in the body of the chuck holds
the straight shank drills.
Types of drill bits
A drill is a tool used to originate a hole in a solid material. A helical groove known as ‘flute’ is
cut along the length of the drill. Different types of drills are 1. Flat Drill 2. Straight fluted drill 3.
Twist drill 4. Centre drill.

Nomenclature of taper shank twist drill.

Twist drills are the type generally used in shop work. They are made of High-speed steel (HSS) or High
carbon steel. Main parts are

1. Axis- It is the longitudinal centerline of the drill running through the centers of the tang and the
chisel edge.
2. Body- It is the part of the drill from its extreme point to the commencement of the neck
3. Shank -It is the part of the drill by which it is held and driven.
4. Tang -The flattened end of the taper shank is known as tang.
5. Neck It is the part of the drill, which is diametrically undercut between the body and the shank of
the drill.
6. Point- It is the sharpened end of the drill.
7. Lip -It is the edge formed by the intersection of flank and face
8. Land- It is the cylindrically ground surface on the leading edges of the drill flutes adjacent to the
body clearance surface.
9. Flutes -The grooves in the body of the drill are known as flutes. Flutes form the cutting edges on the
point.
10. Angles –Chisel edge angle, Helix angle or rake angle Point angle and Lip clearance angle
Drilling machine operations
Though drilling is the primary operation performed in a drilling machine, a number of similar operations
are also performed on holes using different tools. The different operations that can be performed in a
drilling machine are:

1. Drilling

2. Reaming

3. Boring

4. Counter boring

5. Countersinking

6. Spot facing

7. Tapping

8. Trepanning

1. Drilling
2. Reaming

3. Boring

4. Counter boring
5. Countersinking
Countersinking is the operation of making a cone shaped enlargement at the end of the hole.
The included angle of the conical surface may be in the range of 60° to 90°. It is used to provide
recess for a flat headed screw or a counter sunk rivet fitted into the hole.

6. Spot facing
7. Tapping
Tapping is the operation of cutting internal threads by means of a cutting tool called ‘tap’.
Tapping in a drilling machine may be performed by hand or by power.
8. Trepanning