Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*3938804197*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB18 11_0610_21/3RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 The sundew is a carnivorous plant that can trap small insects with sticky hairs and then digest
them. When an insect gets stuck, other nearby sticky hairs bend over to trap the insect.

Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated when the sundew traps insects?

A growth and excretion

B growth and sensitivity
C movement and excretion
D movement and sensitivity

2 Systems of classification show which organisms share more recent ancestors.

What is the most accurate system of classification?

A using anatomy
B using DNA base sequences
C using morphology
D using a pedigree diagram

3 Which part of a plant cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D vacuole

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 3

4 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.

Structures X and Y are both part of the same

A cell.
B organ.
C tissue.
D vessel.

5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?

A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 4

6 Four freshly cut potato cylinders were soaked for one hour in different salt solutions before being
pinned to cork blocks. Two of the blocks are shown.

pin rigid
flaccid
potato cylinder
potato cylinder

cork block

Which solution would cause the potato cylinder to be most flaccid?

A 0.1 mol per dm3 salt solution

B 0.3 mol per dm3 salt solution
C 0.7 mol per dm3 salt solution
D 1.0 mol per dm3 salt solution

7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g

3.7 0.0

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s iodine
solution solution

A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown

8 Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct?

A Base A always pairs with base C.

B Base A always pairs with base T.
C It consists of proteins.
D It forms a single helix.

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 5

9 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion.

Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes?

A B C D

starch starch
solution starch solution
and salivary solution and salivary
amylase amylase

water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C

10 A student wrote some notes about enzymes.

She wrote:

‘The ......1...... of the enzyme is ......2...... to an area on the substrate.

This area on the substrate can fit into it to form an ......3...... complex’.

Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A active site complementary enzyme-substrate

B active site similar enzyme-product
C shape complementary enzyme-product
D shape similar enzyme-substrate

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 6

11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown.

The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again
three hours later.

In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?

A B C D

black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
water
plant

water
snail

12 The diagram shows a plant cell.

cell membrane vacuole

nucleus
cell wall

cytoplasm
chloroplast

Which type of cell is shown?

A cuticle cell
B epidermal cell
C palisade mesophyll cell
D spongy mesophyll cell

13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron?

A bleeding gums
B poor wound healing
C reduced number of red blood cells
D weak bones and teeth

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 7

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal.

Which structure produces lipase?

A
C

15 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a buttercup root.

What is the function of the tissue labelled Z?

A site of photosynthesis
B site of respiration
C transport of sugars
D transport of water

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 8

16 Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times
during the year.

At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?

A
spring
new leaves
start to grow

D B
winter summer
no leaves leaves are
are present mature

C
autumn
leaves die
and fall

17 The diagram shows a circulatory system.

2 3

capillaries of capillaries of the

the lungs heart rest of the body

1 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

18 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?

atrioventricular semilunar
valves valves

A valves close valves close

B valves close valves open
C valves open valves close
D valves open valves open

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 9

19 The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The
diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.

Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?

correct
name of X name of Y
shape of Y

A antigen antibody

B antibody antigen

C antigen antibody

D antibody antigen

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 10

20 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.

2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?

A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

21 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in mammals?

A alcohol + carbon dioxide

B alcohol + oxygen
C lactic acid + carbon dioxide
D lactic acid

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 11

22 Which row describes the functions of the bladder, kidneys and liver?

production excretion storage

of urea of urea of urine

A liver bladder kidneys

B bladder kidneys liver
C liver kidneys bladder
D kidneys liver bladder

23 The diagram shows the structure of the eye.

Which structure refracts light?

A
C

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 12

24 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.

The diagram shows their investigation.

light light
piece of glass piece of glass

X X
at the start of after some time
the experiment no curvature towards light

light light

piece of glass piece of glass

Y Y
at the start of after some time
the experiment gives curvature towards light

Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?

A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling.
B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light.
C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the shaded side of the seedling.
D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the side of the seedling facing the
light.

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 13

25 The diagram shows part of the mechanism that controls blood sugar concentration.

liver

1 more glucose 3 more glycogen

2 less glucose 4 less glycogen blood vessels

blood vessels 5 more glucagon

6 less glucagon

pancreas

A person does one hour of exercise.

Starting with the pancreas, what is the sequence of events in which the hormone glucagon is
involved?

A 5→3→2 B 5→4→1 C 6→3→1 D 6→4→2

26 The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006.

8000

7250
number of
cases of 6500
MRSA
5750

5000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
year

Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen?

A 2002 and 2003

B 2003 and 2004
C 2004 and 2005
D 2005 and 2006

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 14

27 Which row describes sexual reproduction?

gamete zygote genetically different

nucleus nucleus offspring produced

A diploid diploid 
B diploid haploid 
C haploid diploid 
D haploid haploid 

28 Which statement describes human male gametes?

A large, few and non-motile

B large, numerous and motile
C small, few and non-motile
D small, numerous and motile

29 Which organ secretes the most progesterone during pregnancy?

A adrenal gland
B ovary
C placenta
D uterus

30 What is the role of mRNA?

A assembles amino acids into protein molecules

B carries a copy of the gene out of the nucleus
C controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins
D duplicates chromosomes before mitosis

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 15

31 The diagram shows the formation of new diploid cells.

Y
X

What do arrows X and Y represent?

X Y

A duplication of chromosomes meiosis

B duplication of chromosomes mitosis
C meiosis duplication of chromosomes
D mitosis duplication of chromosomes

32 A man marries a woman who has a different blood group from him. They have two children. The
children have different blood groups from each other and different blood groups from their
parents.

What are the genotypes of the parent’s blood groups?

A IAIA and IAIB B IAIA and IoIo C IAIB and IBIB D IAIB and IoIo

33 Sickle-cell anaemia is a genetic disease that is caused by the allele HbS.

HbA is the normal allele.

A woman does not have the symptoms of the disease but her brother does show symptoms.

If her mother and father do not have symptoms, which statement is correct?

A The woman has the genotype HbSHbS.

B The woman’s brother has the genotype HbAHbA.
C The woman’s father and mother both have the genotype HbAHbS.
D The woman’s father and mother both have the genotype HbSHbS.

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 16

34 Over the last 30 years some antibiotics have become less effective in treating bacterial infection.

What is the reason for this?

A artificial selection
B asexual reproduction
C more effective new antibiotics
D natural selection

35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

nitrogen in
atmosphere
Z
W
animals plants
nitrate
ions
Y

X
ammonium ions

Which row correctly identifies the bacteria involved in processes W, X, Y and Z?

W X Y Z

A denitrifying decomposer nitrifying nitrogen-fixing

B denitrifying nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing
C nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing denitrifying
D nitrogen-fixing nitrifying decomposer denitrifying

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 17

36 The graph shows a bacteria population curve.

In which phase on the graph is the number of bacteria dying equal to the number dividing?

A B C D

number of
bacteria

0
0 time / min

37 Bacteria are used in genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Bacteria are used because of the presence of which cell structure?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D plasmids

38 What is an example of genetic engineering?

A using enzymes to make washing powders

B using pectinase to make fruit juice
C producing plants that have been given genes for resistance to insect pests
D using yeast to make bread

39 What is least likely to result from deforestation?

A increase in flooding
B increase in species
C loss of habitats
D loss of soil

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18 [Turn over

 18

40 Pieces of plastic between 1 µm and 1 mm in size are called microplastics. Microplastics are put
into some face creams and are produced during clothing manufacture. They can now be found in
increasing quantities in oceans all over the world.

As well as their small size, which other property of microplastics make them dangerous to living
organisms?

A They are lightweight.

B They are non-biodegradable.
C They are non-reactive.
D They are toxic.

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0610/21/O/N/18

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*3397490337*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB18 11_0610_22/3RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 A person drinks a glass of iced water and the volume of sweat they secrete decreases.

This is an example of which characteristic of living organisms?

A growth
B movement
C respiration
D sensitivity

2 Lichens are formed from two different organisms living together.

The table shows some of the characteristics of two organisms, X and Y, found in most lichens.

X Y
made of strands called hyphae single celled
hyphae have cell walls cell contains a nucleus
and many nuclei and chloroplasts

Which kingdoms are represented by X and Y?

X Y

A Fungus Plant
B Fungus Protoctist
C Protoctist Fungus
D Protoctist Plant

3 Two types of cell, one animal and one plant, were examined using a light microscope.

Which row shows the correct combination of cellular features that would be observed in the cells?

cell structure observed

animal cell plant cell

A chloroplast membrane vacuole cytoplasm

B cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast membrane
C membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus
D nucleus chloroplast cell wall membrane

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 3

4 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.

Structures X and Y are both part of the same

A cell.
B organ.
C tissue.
D vessel.

5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?

A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 4

6 The diagram shows a plant cell after it has been submerged in a solution, P, for 20 minutes.

Which row describes the water potential of solution P and the condition of the cell?

water potential of solution P condition of the cell

A higher than the cell sap in the vacuole plasmolysed and turgid
B higher than the cell sap in the vacuole under high turgor pressure
C lower than the cell sap in the vacuole plasmolysed and flaccid
D the same as the cell sap in the vacuole under low turgor pressure

7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g

3.7 0.0

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s iodine
solution solution

A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown

8 The base sequence of part of one strand of a DNA molecule is shown.

ATAGCC

What is the base sequence of the other strand?

A GCGATT B CGCTAA C TATCGG D ATAGCC

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 5

9 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion.

Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes?

A B C D

starch starch
solution starch solution
and salivary solution and salivary
amylase amylase

water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C

10 The graph shows the effect of temperature on the action of an enzyme.

enzyme
activity

0 20 40 60 80
temperature / °C

Why does the rate of reaction change when the temperature is increased from 20 °C to 30 °C?

more kinetic more frequent

energy of particles collisions of particles

A  
B  
C  
D  

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 6

11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown.

The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again
three hours later.

In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?

A B C D

black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
water
plant

water
snail

12 The diagram shows the structure of cells from the leaf of a plant.

What type of cells are they?

A epidermal cells
B guard cells
C palisade cells
D spongy cells

13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron?

A bleeding gums
B poor wound healing
C reduced number of red blood cells
D weak bones and teeth

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 7

14 Which row shows an enzyme with the correct site of production and products?

enzyme product(s)
enzyme
produced by of digestion

A amylase salivary glands amino acids

B amylase stomach sugar
C protease salivary glands sugar
D protease stomach amino acids

15 The diagram shows a plant cell.

What type of plant cell is this?

A guard cell
B mesophyll cell
C root cortex cell
D root hair cell

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 8

16 Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times
during the year.

At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?

A
spring
new leaves
start to grow

D B
winter summer
no leaves leaves are
are present mature

C
autumn
leaves die
and fall

17 The diagram shows a circulatory system.

2 3

capillaries of capillaries of the

the lungs heart rest of the body

1 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

18 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?

atrioventricular semilunar
valves valves

A valves close valves close

B valves close valves open
C valves open valves close
D valves open valves open

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 9

19 The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The
diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.

Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?

correct
name of X name of Y
shape of Y

A antigen antibody

B antibody antigen

C antigen antibody

D antibody antigen

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 10

20 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.

2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?

A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

21 As we breathe out, ......1...... is ......2...... through the lungs.

Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?

1 2

A carbon dioxide excreted

B carbon dioxide respired
C oxygen excreted
D oxygen respired

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 11

22 A person carries out vigorous exercise without drinking any water.

What would happen to the concentration and volume of the person’s urine immediately after
exercise?

urine urine
concentration volume

A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase

23 What does the central nervous system consist of?

A brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

B brain and spinal cord only
C brain only
D spinal cord and peripheral nerves only

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 12

24 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.

The diagram shows their investigation.

light light
piece of glass piece of glass

X X
at the start of after some time
the experiment no curvature towards light

light light

piece of glass piece of glass

Y Y
at the start of after some time
the experiment gives curvature towards light

Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?

A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling.
B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light.
C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the shaded side of the seedling.
D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the side of the seedling facing the
light.

25 What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?

A Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.

B Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
C Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
D Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 13

26 The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006.

8000

7250
number of
cases of 6500
MRSA
5750

5000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
year

Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen?

A 2002 and 2003

B 2003 and 2004
C 2004 and 2005
D 2005 and 2006

27 What are two adaptive features of a human sperm cell?

1 jelly coat present

2 relatively high number of mitochondria
3 acrosome present
4 relatively high energy stores

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

28 Which hormone maintains the thickness of the lining of the uterus during pregnancy?

A follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

B luteinising hormone (LH)
C oestrogen
D progesterone

29 What is a possible disadvantage of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?

A Donated eggs and sperm can be used.

B Embryos can be screened for genetic disorders.
C It requires more medical resources.
D Unused embryos can be stored.

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 14

30 A sperm cell from a domestic cat contains 19 chromosomes.

If this cell fertilises an egg, which zygote is produced?

A diploid, with 19 chromosomes

B diploid, with 38 chromosomes
C haploid, with 19 chromosomes
D haploid, with 38 chromosomes

31 The diagram shows a cell of an organism. The nucleus contains 12 chromosomes.

After it divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes would be present in one of the daughter
cells?

A 6 B 12 C 18 D 24

32 Pure-breeding black-feathered chickens are mated with pure-breeding white-feathered chickens.

All of the individuals in the offspring in the F1 generation have both black and white feathers.

What will be the ratio of offspring phenotypes when two of the F1 generation chickens are
crossed?

A 1 black : 1 white
B 1 black : 2 black and white : 1 white
C 3 white : 1 black
D 3 black : 1 white

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 15

33 The diagram shows the bases on part of a chromosome, P, responsible for the production of
normal haemoglobin. The same part of another chromosome, Q, is responsible for the production
of sickle-cell haemoglobin.

G A G G T G
C T C C A C

chromosome P chromosome Q

What has caused the difference between the two chromosomes?

A discontinuous variation
B gene mutation
C phenotypic variation
D selective breeding

34 Farmers have bred Holstein-Friesian cattle to produce more milk than older breeds of cattle.

Which process was used to produce these cattle?

A adaptation
B genetic engineering
C natural selection
D selective breeding

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 16

35 The diagram shows a food web.

hedgehog
robin

caterpillar
greenfly beetle

rose plant cabbage plant

Which row shows a food chain in this food web?

primary secondary
producer
consumer consumer

A hedgehog caterpillar robin

B cabbage plant greenfly beetle
C cabbage plant beetle robin
D rose plant hedgehog greenfly

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Which change is caused by the action of denitrifying bacteria?

nitrogen gas
in the air

D A plants
death
nitrate in B
feeding
the soil
death
animals
C

faeces and
urine

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 17

37 The diagram shows an industrial fermenter used to produce penicillin.

What is a function of the part labelled X?

A add oxygen to the solution

B maintain an even temperature throughout the solution
C record the pH of the solution
D sterilise the solution

38 Genetic engineering involves various stages.

1 human DNA is inserted into bacterial plasmid DNA

2 recombinant plasmid inserted into bacteria
3 restriction enzyme cuts bacterial plasmid DNA
4 restriction enzyme cuts human DNA

What is the correct sequence for genetic engineering?

A 1→2→4→3

B 2→3→4→1

C 3→2→4→1

D 4→3→1→2

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18 [Turn over

 18

39 The statements describe some of the events that occur during eutrophication.

What is directly responsible for the increase in bacteria?

A a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration

B an increase in nitrate concentration
C an increase in the population of algae
D an increase in the death of producers

40 In 1991 there were only fourteen Daviesia cunderdin plants.

What happens to a plant population that becomes very small?

A Each plant will produce fewer offspring.

B Each plant will produce more offspring.
C Variation in the population is increased.
D Variation in the population is reduced.

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/O/N/18

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*6778270274*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB18 11_0610_23/4RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 The Venus flytrap is a plant that feeds on insects. When a fly lands on the leaf, the leaf folds very
quickly and traps the fly. The leaves produce enzymes which digest the fly.

Which characteristics of living organisms are involved?

A excretion, growth, nutrition

B movement, excretion, nutrition
C movement, sensitivity, growth
D movement, sensitivity, nutrition

2 The diagrams show four organisms not drawn to the same scale.

Which organism is a prokaryote?

A B

not to
scale
C D

3 Sunflowers have yellow flowers.

Which cell structure is found in sunflower leaves but not in the petals of the flowers?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplast
D vacuole

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 3

4 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.

Structures X and Y are both part of the same

A cell.
B organ.
C tissue.
D vessel.

5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?

A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration

6 Which process is involved in the uptake of glucose by the epithelial cells of kidney tubules?

A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D transpiration

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 4

7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g

3.7 0.0

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s iodine
solution solution

A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown

8 Which processes depend on the fact that water is a solvent?

evaporation glucose
movement of water loss of sweat from
from the spongy transported
by osmosis the skin surface
mesophyll cells in blood plasma

A    
B    
C    
D    

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 5

9 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion.

Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes?

A B C D

starch starch
solution starch solution
and salivary solution and salivary
amylase amylase

water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C

10 The graph shows how an enzyme-controlled reaction is affected by temperature.

X
6
5
4
rate
/ arbitrary 3
units
2 Y
1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
temperature / °C

Which statement explains the change in activity between X and Y?

A There are more effective collisions.

B There is a change in the enzyme shape.
C There is more substrate present.
D The kinetic energy of the molecules has increased.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 6

11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown.

The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again
three hours later.

In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?

A B C D

black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
water
plant

water
snail

12 Which region in the leaf of a green plant contains phloem?

A palisade mesophyll
B spongy mesophyll
C upper epidermis
D vascular bundle

13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron?

A bleeding gums
B poor wound healing
C reduced number of red blood cells
D weak bones and teeth

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 7

14 The diagram shows the activity of salivary amylase, pancreatic lipase and stomach protease at
different pH levels.

enzyme
activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH

From the graph, what is the optimum pH for the protease enzyme?

A 2.0 B 3.5 C 7.0 D 8.0

15 The diagram shows a section through the stem of a dicotyledonous plant.

Which part transports water and mineral ions?

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 8

16 Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times
during the year.

At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?

A
spring
new leaves
start to grow

D B
winter summer
no leaves leaves are
are present mature

C
autumn
leaves die
and fall

17 The diagram shows a circulatory system.

2 3

capillaries of capillaries of the

the lungs heart rest of the body

1 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

18 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?

atrioventricular semilunar
valves valves

A valves close valves close

B valves close valves open
C valves open valves close
D valves open valves open

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 9

19 The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The
diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.

Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?

correct
name of X name of Y
shape of Y

A antigen antibody

B antibody antigen

C antigen antibody

D antibody antigen

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 10

20 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.

2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?

A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

21 Glucose is required for respiration.

Which other molecule is required for aerobic respiration?

A carbon dioxide
B nitrogen
C oxygen
D water

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 11

22 Which row correctly shows the organ where each substance is excreted?

carbon dioxide excess water salts urea

A kidneys liver lungs lungs

B liver liver liver skin
C lungs kidneys kidneys kidneys
D lungs kidneys liver skin

23 The diagram shows the appearance of the iris and pupil in three different light conditions.

1 2 3
iris

pupil

Which row shows the size of the pupil of the eye in each light condition?

no moderate bright
light light light

A 1 2 3
B 1 3 2
C 2 1 3
D 3 2 1

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 12

24 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.

The diagram shows their investigation.

light light
piece of glass piece of glass

X X
at the start of after some time
the experiment no curvature towards light

light light

piece of glass piece of glass

Y Y
at the start of after some time
the experiment gives curvature towards light

Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?

A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling.
B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light.
C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the shaded side of the seedling.
D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the side of the seedling facing the
light.

25 In a mammal, body temperature is regulated by negative feedback.

As a result of negative feedback, what happens in the mammal’s body as the temperature of the
external environment decreases?

A relaxation of hair erector muscles

B sweating
C vasoconstriction
D vasodilation

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 13

26 The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006.

8000

7250
number of
cases of 6500
MRSA
5750

5000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
year

Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen?

A 2002 and 2003

B 2003 and 2004
C 2004 and 2005
D 2005 and 2006

27 Pollen grains are transferred from the anthers to the stigma. The pollen grains adhere to the
sticky stigma. The statements describe what happens next.

1 The pollen grain grows a pollen tube.

2 The pollen tube enters the ovule.
3 The pollen tube grows down the style.
4 The male nucleus fuses with an egg cell nucleus.

In which order do these stages occur?

A 1→2→4→3

B 1→3→2→4

C 2→3→1→4

D 3→1→4→2

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 14

28 The diagram shows a woman’s menstrual cycle.

bleeding bleeding
starts stops

day day
0 28

P QR S

On which day does ovulation occur, and on which day could fertilisation occur?

ovulation fertilisation

A P R
B P S
C Q R
D Q S

29 Which method of contraception could also help prevent the spread of HIV?

A condom
B contraceptive pill
C monitoring cervical mucus
D vasectomy

30 Which name is given to different versions of a gene?

A allele
B chromosome
C length of DNA
D protein

31 Which feature of meiosis ensures that the zygote is diploid?

A Chromosomes are duplicated.

B Four gametes are formed.
C Genetically different gametes are formed.
D Haploid gametes are formed.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 15

32 Which genotypes result in a person having blood group A?

A IAIA and IAIB B IAIA and IAIo C IAIo and IoIo D IAIo and IAIB

33 The diagram shows a plant reproducing asexually by growing a plantlet from a runner. The
leaves of the plantlet appear different to the leaves of the parent plant.

parent plant

runner

plantlet

Which statement explains the difference in the leaf shape of the plantlet?

A A mutation has occurred in the genes of the plantlet.

B The plantlet inherited the genes from the parent plant.
C The plant was produced by meiosis.
D The plantlet was produced by the fusion of gametes.

34 What results from the process of natural selection and adaptation?

A artificial selection
B evolution
C reproduction
D selective breeding

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 16

35 The diagram shows a food web in the ocean.

shark

penguin seal

krill herring

algae

Which two animals are secondary and tertiary consumers?

A penguin and herring

B penguin and shark
C seal and penguin
D seal and shark

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 17

36 A student was given data on the change in the number of insects in a population over a period of
twelve weeks. The student was asked to name and label each phase.

phase
one phase two phase three
13
12
11
10
9
8
number
7
of insects
/ thousand 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / weeks

What is the correct label for phase three?

A death phase
B exponential (log) phase
C lag phase
D stationary phase

37 Insulin is now produced using genetically modified bacteria. Previously, diabetics were given
insulin extracted from the pancreas of animals.

Why is the insulin from bacteria regarded as a better ethical choice?

A insulin is produced from bacterial DNA

B it is accepted by vegetarians
C plasmids are involved
D the genetic code is shared

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 18

38 Plasmids are often used in genetic engineering.

What is a plasmid?

A bacterial cell
B gene
C loop of DNA
D protein

39 The diagram shows a food web in a woodland.

hawks

hedgehogs blackbirds sparrows hornets

snails caterpillars

tree type X tree type Y

What is most likely to happen if all of tree type X is removed by humans?

A The carbon dioxide concentration in the woodland will decrease.

B The population of hedgehogs will increase.
C The population of hornets will increase.
D The population of sparrows will decrease.

40 The increased availability of nitrates in rivers and lakes can result in the death of fish.

Which statement explains why fish die in rivers and lakes containing a high concentration of
nitrates?

A The increase in water plants stops the fish swimming.

B There is an increase in anaerobic respiration by plants.
C There are fewer water plants for fish to eat.
D There is an increase in aerobic respiration by decomposers.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2019
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*7538671578*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB19 11_0610_21/4RP
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 The diagram shows a plant.

light

Which characteristic of living organisms is shown by the plant in the diagram?

A excretion
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity

2 Using the binomial system of naming organisms, the name of the lion is Panthera leo.

Which statement is correct?

A The lion belongs to the kingdom Panthera.

B The lion belongs to the genus Panthera.
C The lion belongs to the species Panthera.
D The lion belongs to the genus leo.

3 The table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from a woodland and the groups to
which they belong.

animal group number in sample

arachnids 10
crustaceans 8
insects 80
myriapods 7

How many arthropods in total, in this sample, have six or eight legs?

A 15 B 88 C 90 D 98

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 3

4 Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?

chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A    key
B     = yes
C     = no
D   

5 The diagram shows a cell with an actual size of 30 µm.

30 mm

What is the magnification of the diagram?

A ×10 B ×100 C ×1000 D ×10 000

6 Red blood cells were placed in pure water.

Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.

What caused this change in appearance?

direction of from higher to lower from lower to higher

water movement water potential water potential

A into cells yes no

B into cells no yes
C out of cells yes no
D out of cells no yes

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 4

7 Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.

1 glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2 nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair
cells
3 water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf

For which must oxygen be present?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

8 Which identifies the chemical elements found in proteins?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

A     key
B     = present
C     = absent
D    

9 What is the correct definition of the term enzyme?

A carbohydrates that act as biological catalysts

B carbohydrates that act as substrates
C proteins that act as biological catalysts
D proteins that act as substrates

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 5

10 Two sealed test-tubes containing aquatic plants and hydrogencarbonate indicator were set up.

stopper

hydrogencarbonate
indicator

aquatic plant

The indicator in the sealed test-tubes shows the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide
present.

concentration of colour of
carbon dioxide indicator

low red
medium orange
high yellow

One of the sealed test-tubes was kept in the light for 24 hours and one of the sealed test-tubes
was kept in the dark for 24 hours.

The results are shown in the table.

test-tube
start colour end colour
kept in

light orange red

dark orange yellow

What is the correct explanation of what has taken place?

A Photosynthesis and respiration both occur in the light, but the rate of photosynthesis is
higher.
B Photosynthesis occurs in the light, but respiration does not.
C Respiration can only occur when photosynthesis is not taking place.
D The amount of carbon dioxide used and produced in the light is equal.

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 6

11 The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross-section under the microscope.

What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
C palisade mesophyll epidermis spongy mesophyll
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll epidermis

12 The pie charts show the composition of 100 g of four different foods.

Which food provides the most energy?

A B C D
key
carbohydrate
fats and oils
protein
water

13 One of the symptoms of the disease cholera is diarrhoea. This is due to water loss by osmosis
caused by the cholera toxin.

Cholera toxins result in

A secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine lowering the water potential.
B secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine raising the water potential.
C secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine lowering the water potential.
D secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine raising the water potential.

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 7

14 The diagram shows an experiment kept at room temperature.

tubing containing
starch, protease, test-tube
protein and simple
sugars
distilled water

membrane permeable
to small molecules only

What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?

A amino acids and simple sugars

B protein and amino acids
C protein and simple sugars
D starch and simple sugars

15 What is an example of diffusion?

A dust particles being moved by ciliated cells in the trachea

B oxygen molecules moving into a red blood cell in the lungs
C pollen grains moving from anthers to stigmas in the wind
D red blood cells moving in a blood capillary in a muscle

16 In plants, what is transported by translocation?

A glucagon
B glycogen
C starch
D sucrose

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 8

17 The diagram shows human blood cells, as seen under a microscope.

What is the function of cell X?

A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
C to defend against disease
D to make the blood clot

18 Which row describes the features of passive immunity?

antibodies involves effective

made memory cells period

A no no short term
B no yes short term
C yes no long term
D yes yes long term

19 Which row shows the approximate percentage of gases in expired air?

percentage of percentage of
carbon dioxide oxygen

A 12 9
B 4 16
C 24 24
D 27 20

20 What is the correct equation for aerobic respiration?

A 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

B C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O

C C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

D C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 9

21 Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?

A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B anaerobic respiration of lactic acid in the muscles
C excretion of lactic acid by the lungs
D removal of lactic acid by the alimentary canal

22 The neurones at synapses contain vesicles.

Which type of substance is found inside the vesicles?

A enzyme
B chromosomes
C neurotransmitter
D steroid

23 The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.

iris
circular muscles

radial muscles

pupil

How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?

circular muscles radial muscles

A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 10

24 More adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands when a person is frightened.

This increase affects several parts of the body.

change increases decreases

1 blood glucose concentration   key

2 heart rate   = yes
3 breathing rate and depth   = no
4 dilation of pupil  

Which rows are correct?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

25 A patient has dye injected into the blood supply to his kidneys. The dye appears in his excretory
system as shown.

key
dye
no dye

Which part is blocked?

A the kidney
B the ureter
C the bladder
D the urethra

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 11

26 Which statement is a reason why viruses are unharmed by antibiotics such as penicillin?

A They are very small in size.

B They do not have a cell wall.
C They have genetic material.
D They have a protein coat.

27 Several athletes have been banned from their sport for using the drug nandrolone. This drug
helps the body to build up muscle tissue.

What sort of drug is nandrolone?

A anabolic steroid
B antibiotic
C depressant
D neurotransmitter

28 Which statement about the hormone FSH is correct?

A It stimulates ovulation.
B It stimulates ovulation and menstruation.
C It stimulates the maturation of follicles.
D It stimulates the maturation of follicles and menstruation.

29 HIV is transmitted by body fluids during sexual contact.

HIV affects the immune system.

Which statement best describes the effect of HIV?

A The body has increased immunity.

B The body produces fewer antibodies.
C The body produces more antibodies.
D The number of lymphocytes increases.

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 12

30 How many chromosomes are there in each of the human cells shown in the table?

motor mature red

goblet cell sperm
neurone blood cell

A 0 23 0 0
B 23 23 23 0
C 46 46 0 23
D 46 46 46 23

31 The diagram shows a diploid cell and alleles R and r on one pair of chromosomes.

nucleus R
r
cytoplasm

When this cell divides by mitosis, which daughter cells will be produced?

chromosome number genotype

A diploid heterozygous
B diploid homozygous
C haploid heterozygous
D haploid homozygous

32 The diagram shows breeding rats where the allele for grey fur is dominant to white fur.

× ×
1 2 3 4

5 6

Which two individuals are definitely heterozygous for fur colour?

A 1 and 4 B 2 and 3 C 2 and 5 D 3 and 6

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 13

33 The diagram shows a hydrophyte in a lake.

surface of
water

Which statement about the leaves is correct?

A They cannot photosynthesise.

B They have a thick cuticle.
C They have large air spaces in the spongy mesophyll.
D They require many xylem vessels for support.

34 Some disease-causing bacteria survive treatment with an antibiotic.

Which statement about the surviving bacteria is correct?

A The antibiotic will work better on the next generation of bacteria.

B The bacteria have undergone a process of natural selection.
C The bacteria will now be resistant to all antibiotics.
D The resistance of the bacteria is a result of selective breeding.

35 Which row describes the energy flow into and through a food chain that starts with a plant?

energy transferred
energy entering
between organisms
a food chain
in a food chain

A chemical chemical
B chemical heat
C light chemical
D light heat

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19 [Turn over

 14

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

mineral
ions

decomposers plants

animals

What is one of the mineral ions?

A amino acids
B nitrate
C nitrogen
D protein

37 Which part of a bacterial cell makes it useful in genetic engineering?

A cell wall
B cytoplasm
C flagellum
D plasmid

38 Which enzyme would be used in a biological washing powder?

A DNA ligase
B lactase
C pectinase
D protease

39 What are the possible effects of deforestation?

decrease in atmospheric
loss of soil flooding
carbon dioxide

A yes yes no
B yes no yes
C no yes no
D no no yes

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 15

40 The bloodworm is an organism that is found in heavily polluted water.

The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.

Where would there be fewest bloodworms?

input of raw
sewage

C D
B
direction
of flow

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0610/21/O/N/19

 Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2019
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*8028550561*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB19 11_0610_22/5RP
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 The diagrams show a test-tube containing pond water. The green colour is caused by
microorganisms that have chloroplasts.

oxygen bubble

pale green dark green

pond water area

light off light on

Which characteristics of living organisms are shown?

A excretion, growth and movement

B movement, nutrition and sensitivity
C nutrition, reproduction and respiration
D reproduction, sensitivity and growth

2 Which shows an organism that has been named using the binomial system?

A Brown seaweed
B Polar bear
C Red fox
D Vulpes vulpes

3 The diagram shows an arthropod.

pedipalp

legs

To which group does it belong?

A arachnids
B crustaceans
C insects
D myriapods

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 3

4 Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?

chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A    key
B     = yes
C     = no
D   

5 The diagram shows a drawing of a human cheek cell.

X Y

The distance between points X and Y on the diagram is 30 mm.

The actual length of the cell between X and Y was 60 µm.

What is the magnification of the cell?

A ×50 B ×200 C ×500 D ×2000

6 Red blood cells were placed in pure water.

Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.

What caused this change in appearance?

direction of from higher to lower from lower to higher

water movement water potential water potential

A into cells yes no

B into cells no yes
C out of cells yes no
D out of cells no yes

7 Which process depends on active transport?

A absorption of carbon dioxide by plant leaves

B reabsorption of glucose by kidney tubules
C removal of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
D uptake of water by plant roots

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 4

8 Which identifies the chemical elements found in proteins?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

A     key
B     = present
C     = absent
D    

9 A student carries out a test to see whether the solution in a test-tube contains protein.

Which row shows the correct food test and a positive result?

colour seen with a

name of test
positive result

A Benedict’s test blue-black

B Benedict’s test purple
C biuret test blue-black
D biuret test purple

10 The diagram shows an experiment investigating the effect of light intensity on an aquatic plant.

light light
source source

20 cm 10 cm
P Q

Photosynthesis occurred in both test-tube P and test-tube Q. Both test-tubes were kept at the
same temperature. The number of bubbles produced in test-tube P was 12 bubbles per minute.

What is the most likely number of bubbles produced in one minute in test-tube Q?

A 0 B 3 C 12 D 48

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 5

11 The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross-section under the microscope.

What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
C palisade mesophyll epidermis spongy mesophyll
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll epidermis

12 The pie charts show the composition of 100 g of four different foods.

Which food provides the most energy?

A B C D
key
carbohydrate
fats and oils
protein
water

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 6

13 The cholera bacterium produces a toxin that results in water entering the alimentary canal and
causing diarrhoea.

The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.

Into which region are chloride ions secreted as a result of the toxin?

A
D

B
C

14 The diagram shows an experiment kept at room temperature.

tubing containing
starch, protease, test-tube
protein and simple
sugars
distilled water

membrane permeable
to small molecules only

What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?

A amino acids and simple sugars

B protein and amino acids
C protein and simple sugars
D starch and simple sugars

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 7

15 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate transpiration.

transparent
plastic bag

balance

plant 1 plant 2

Plant 1 is not covered. Plant 2 and its pot are covered by a transparent plastic bag.

The mass of each plant and its pot is measured. The masses are measured again after two
hours.

What is the result?

A The mass of both plants decreases by the same percentage.

B The mass of both plants stays the same.
C The mass of plant 1 decreases more than the mass of plant 2.
D The mass of plant 2 decreases more than the mass of plant 1.

16 Which description of translocation is correct?

A movement of glucose and amino acids from a sink to a source

B movement of glucose and amino acids from a source to a sink
C movement of sucrose and amino acids from a sink to a source
D movement of sucrose and amino acids from a source to a sink

17 Which factor increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease?

A low fat diet

B regular exercise
C relaxation
D smoking

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 8

18 Which row describes the features of passive immunity?

antibodies involves effective

made memory cells period

A no no short term
B no yes short term
C yes no long term
D yes yes long term

19 The diagram shows part of the human gas exchange system.

to P

Which row identifies P, Q and R?

P Q R

A alveolus wall capillary wall vein

B bronchiole alveolus wall capillary
C capillary layer of moisture bronchiole
D alveolus wall bronchiole capillary

20 What is the effect on germinating seeds of increasing the temperature from 10 °C to 20 °C?

A a decrease in the production of oxygen

B a decrease in the respiration rate
C an increase in the respiration rate
D an increase in the transpiration rate

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 9

21 Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?

A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B anaerobic respiration of lactic acid in the muscles
C excretion of lactic acid by the lungs
D removal of lactic acid by the alimentary canal

22 Which process transmits an impulse across a synapse?

A active transport
B diffusion
C gravity
D osmosis

23 The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.

iris
circular muscles

radial muscles

pupil

How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?

circular muscles radial muscles

A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 10

24 The diagram shows the shoot and root of a seedling responding to gravity.

Which row shows where the auxin accumulates and the effect of this in the shoot?

accumulates effect

A lower surface inhibits cell elongation

B lower surface promotes cell elongation
C upper surface inhibits cell division
D upper surface promotes cell division

25 A patient has dye injected into the blood supply to his kidneys. The dye appears in his excretory
system as shown.

key
dye
no dye

Which part is blocked?

A the kidney
B the ureter
C the bladder
D the urethra

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 11

26 Bacteria such as MRSA are resistant to antibiotics.

These processes can occur in bacteria.

1 artificial selection
2 genetic variation
3 mutation
4 natural selection

What would contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2, 3 and 4 only
D 2 and 4 only

27 Why do some athletes take anabolic steroids?

A to decrease blood glucose concentration

B to increase muscle mass
C to kill bacteria
D to reduce aggression

28 In humans, why are sperm cells produced in much greater numbers than egg cells?

A Many sperm cells are needed to fertilise an egg cell.

B Sperm cells are small in size.
C Sperm cells are non-motile.
D The chance of one sperm cell reaching an egg is very small.

29 There are many reasons why a woman does not become pregnant.

What can be treated by a drug that increases the secretion of FSH?

A inactive sperm
B follicles not developing
C thin uterine lining
D too few sperm

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 12

30 The diagram shows the cells of a mammalian embryo shortly after fertilisation.

Which is the correct description of these cells?

A gametes undergoing meiosis

B gametes undergoing mitosis
C stem cells undergoing meiosis
D stem cells undergoing mitosis

31 The diagram shows a diploid cell and alleles R and r on one pair of chromosomes.

nucleus R
r
cytoplasm

When this cell divides by mitosis, which daughter cells will be produced?

chromosome number genotype

A diploid heterozygous
B diploid homozygous
C haploid heterozygous
D haploid homozygous

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 13

32 The diagram shows a genetic cross between a male bird with black feathers and a female bird
with white feathers. All of the offspring have blue feathers.

parents FBFB × FWFW

black white

offspring FBFW
100% blue

Two of the blue offspring are crossed.

Which row shows the correct phenotype percentages for the cross?

percentage percentage percentage

black blue white

A 25 75 0
B 25 50 25
C 50 20 25
D 75 0 25

33 What is a feature of some xerophytes?

A large air spaces in the tissues

B leaves rolled up and covered with hairs
C leaves with stomata on the upper surface
D thin cuticle

34 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass.

Which organisms are found in position X?

A decomposers
B herbivores
C primary consumers
D producers

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19 [Turn over

 14

35 What is a trophic level?

A a group of interconnected food chains

B all of the consumers in an ecosystem
C an organism’s position in a food web
D the transfer of energy between organisms

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

At which stage is denitrification occurring?

nitrogen in
the atmosphere
A
B

nitrogen
animals nitrates
in plants

D
nitrites
ammonium
C
compounds

37 Which structures found in bacteria make bacteria useful in genetic engineering?

A cell walls
B membranes
C nuclei
D plasmids

38 Which chemical reaction is catalysed by maltase?

A glycogen → glucose + maltose

B maltose → glucose + glucose

C maltose → starch

D starch → glucose + maltose

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 15

39 What are the possible effects of deforestation?

decrease in atmospheric
loss of soil flooding
carbon dioxide

A yes yes no
B yes no yes
C no yes no
D no no yes

40 The bloodworm is an organism that is found in heavily polluted water.

The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.

Where would there be fewest bloodworms?

input of raw
sewage

C D
B
direction
of flow

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0610/22/O/N/19

 Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2019
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*6635924783*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

IB19 11_0610_23/5RP
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 The diagrams show a plant at the start of an experiment, and the same plant two weeks later.

light from
one side

start of experiment after two weeks

Which characteristics of living organisms are demonstrated by this experiment?

A excretion, growth, movement

B excretion, movement, reproduction
C growth, movement, sensitivity
D sensitivity, growth, respiration

2 Donkeys and zebras are different species. They can breed to produce an animal called a zedonk.

Zedonks are not fertile.

Which statement is correct?

A Zedonks and donkeys are the same species.

B Zedonks and zebras are the same species.
C Zedonks are a species.
D Zedonks are not a species.

3 Which feature is characteristic only of birds?

A hair and wings

B hard-shelled eggs and feathers
C scales and soft-shelled eggs
D wings and soft-shelled eggs

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 3

4 Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?

chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A    key
B     = yes
C     = no
D   

5 A bacterium is 0.5 µm long.

A student makes a drawing of the bacterium. The student’s drawing is 100 mm long.

What is the magnification of the student’s drawing?

A ×0.005 B ×50 C ×200 D ×200 000

6 Red blood cells were placed in pure water.

Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.

What caused this change in appearance?

direction of from higher to lower from lower to higher

water movement water potential water potential

A into cells yes no

B into cells no yes
C out of cells yes no
D out of cells no yes

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 4

7 The diagram shows a root hair cell.

cytoplasm
vacuole

mitochondria
nucleus

Why does a root hair cell contain a large number of mitochondria?

A to provide energy for the absorption of water from the soil

B to provide energy for the diffusion of mineral ions from the soil
C to provide energy for osmosis
D to provide energy for the active transport of mineral ions from the soil

8 Which identifies the chemical elements found in proteins?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

A     key
B     = present
C     = absent
D    

9 Enzyme X digests protein in the stomach.

Four test-tubes were set up, each contained the same amounts of protein and enzyme X. The
test-tubes are kept at different levels of pH and temperature, as shown in the table.

In which test-tube will protein digestion be quickest?

pH temperature / °C

A 2 20
B 2 35
C 7 20
D 7 35

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 5

10 Which substance is used up in photosynthesis?

A chlorophyll
B light
C oxygen
D water

11 The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross-section under the microscope.

What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
C palisade mesophyll epidermis spongy mesophyll
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll epidermis

12 The pie charts show the composition of 100 g of four different foods.

Which food provides the most energy?

A B C D
key
carbohydrate
fats and oils
protein
water

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 6

13 Cholera is a disease caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae which produces a toxin in the
infected person’s gut.

What is the effect of this toxin?

A It causes loss of water from the gut into the blood.

B It causes loss of water from the gall bladder into the blood.
C It causes water to enter the gut from the blood.
D It causes water to enter the gall bladder from the blood.

14 The diagram shows an experiment kept at room temperature.

tubing containing
starch, protease, test-tube
protein and simple
sugars
distilled water

membrane permeable
to small molecules only

What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?

A amino acids and simple sugars

B protein and amino acids
C protein and simple sugars
D starch and simple sugars

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 7

15 The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant root.

What is found at Q and R?

Q R

A palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B phloem xylem
C spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
D xylem phloem

16 Rabbits can damage trees by eating the bark and phloem.

leaves

bark

remaining stem

bark

roots

If the damage goes all the way around the stem, what will happen in the tree?

A Sugars cannot move from the leaves to the roots causing swelling above the ring.
B Sugars cannot move from the leaves to the roots causing swelling below the ring.
C Water cannot move from the leaves to the roots causing swelling above the ring.
D Water cannot move from the leaves to the roots causing swelling below the ring.

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 8

17 The table shows the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood
of four patients.

Which patient is most likely to have a deficiency of iron in their diet and will find it difficult to form
a blood clot?

red blood cells white blood cells platelets

/ cells per mm3 / cells per mm3 / cells per mm3

A 2 525 000 643 296 000

B 2 275 000 756 27 500
C 7 250 000 650 275 000
D 7 325 000 405 25 000

18 Which row describes the features of passive immunity?

antibodies involves effective

made memory cells period

A no no short term
B no yes short term
C yes no long term
D yes yes long term

19 What is the sequence of structures through which a molecule of oxygen passes from the air to
the blood of a person?

1 bronchiole
2 capillary
3 alveolus wall
4 larynx

A 1→4→2→3

B 3→2→1→4

C 4→1→3→2

D 4→2→1→3

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 9

20 How do green plants and mammals obtain their energy?

green plants mammals

A from the soil from sleeping and resting

B from the air around the plant from the air they breathe
C from the Sun from digested and absorbed food
D from water and carbon dioxide from water and oxygen

21 Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?

A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B anaerobic respiration of lactic acid in the muscles
C excretion of lactic acid by the lungs
D removal of lactic acid by the alimentary canal

22 The diagram shows a synapse.

neurone 1

neurone 2

Heroin is a drug that can bind with receptors in a synapse.

What is the most likely effect heroin will have on the synapse?

A cause the impulse to travel back along neurone 1

B prevent neurotransmitter binding with receptors on neurone 2
C stop the impulse being generated in neurone 1
D transfer the impulse to a different neurone other than neurone 2

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 10

23 The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.

iris
circular muscles

radial muscles

pupil

How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?

circular muscles radial muscles

A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax

24 In a plant shoot, where is auxin made and what is its effect?

where made effect

A leaves promotes cell division

B leaves promotes cell elongation
C shoot tip promotes cell division
D shoot tip promotes cell elongation

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 11

25 A patient has dye injected into the blood supply to his kidneys. The dye appears in his excretory
system as shown.

key
dye
no dye

Which part is blocked?

A the kidney
B the ureter
C the bladder
D the urethra

26 Which statement about antibiotics is correct?

A Antibiotics are used to treat all transmissible diseases.

B Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.
C Antibiotic resistance can be stopped by increasing their use.
D Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.

27 Which substance in tobacco smoke directly reduces the oxygenation of blood?

A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C nicotine
D tar

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 12

28 The concentrations of LH and oestrogen are measured during part of a menstrual cycle.

On which day does ovulation occur?

day from concentration concentration

start of of LH of oestrogen
menstrual cycle / arbitrary units / arbitrary units

A 7 10 30
B 10 12 135
C 13 120 130
D 16 20 25

29 Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced during the menstrual cycle in a woman who is
not pregnant?

oestrogen progesterone

A adrenal gland ovary

B ovary ovary
C ovary placenta
D placenta pancreas

30 A haploid nucleus is defined as one that contains

A one chromosome.
B one set of unpaired chromosomes.
C two chromosomes.
D two sets of chromosomes.

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 13

31 The diagram shows a diploid cell and alleles R and r on one pair of chromosomes.

nucleus R
r
cytoplasm

When this cell divides by mitosis, which daughter cells will be produced?

chromosome number genotype

A diploid heterozygous
B diploid homozygous
C haploid heterozygous
D haploid homozygous

32 Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in the haemoglobin gene.

The normal base sequence is shown in 1, and the sickle-cell base sequence is shown in 2.

1 TGA GGA CTC CTC

2 TGA GGA CAC CTC

What causes the change in the DNA?

A the addition of one base

B the addition of two bases
C the change of one base for another
D the deletion of one base

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 14

33 The diagram shows part of a section through the leaf of a water lily.

Their leaves are adapted to help them to live on the surface of the water.

How is the leaf of this plant adapted to being a hydrophyte?

A It does not have a cuticle.

B It has a palisade layer.
C It has an epidermis.
D It has stomata on upper surface.

34 What could be responsible for the conversion of nitrogen in the atmosphere to nitrates in the soil?

A decomposers
B denitrifying bacteria
C lightning
D nitrifying bacteria

35 Which statement describes the effect of a disease which kills members of a population?

A It causes an exponential (log) increase in the population size.

B It decreases the rate of growth of the population.
C It decreases the food supply available to the population.
D It reduces the lag phase of the population.

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 15

36 The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers in a food chain.

hawks

tree shrews

caterpillars

kapok tree

What type of organism is the tree shrew?

A producer
B primary consumer
C secondary consumer
D tertiary consumer

37 The diagram shows a bacterium.

Which structure is used in genetic engineering?

D C

38 Penicillin is made in a fermenter by growing organisms.

Which type of organism is used in the production of penicillin?

A bacterium
B fungus
C protoctist
D virus

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19 [Turn over

 16

39 What are the possible effects of deforestation?

decrease in atmospheric
loss of soil flooding
carbon dioxide

A yes yes no
B yes no yes
C no yes no
D no no yes

40 The bloodworm is an organism that is found in heavily polluted water.

The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.

Where would there be fewest bloodworms?

input of raw
sewage

C D
B
direction
of flow

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0610/23/O/N/19

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2020
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*4028138665*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

IB20 11_0610_21/3RP
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Hedgehogs are mammals. Touching a hedgehog causes it to roll into a ball to protect itself.

Which characteristics is it displaying?

A excretion and movement

B growth and sensitivity
C movement and growth
D movement and sensitivity

2 What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon?

broad leaves parallel veins

A   key
B   = yes
C   = no
D  

3 The photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.

R Q P

Which parts labelled on the photomicrograph indicate that this is a plant cell?

A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

4 The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.

The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 m.

What is the magnification of the image?

A 10 B 1000 C 10 000 D 100 000

5 What are features of osmosis?

requires a partially
diffusion is
requires cell walls permeable
involved
membrane

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

6 The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis.

1 2
glass tube

liquid
level

very concentrated concentrated

water
sucrose solution sucrose solution

partially
permeable membrane

After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?

liquid level in liquid level in

tube 1 tube 2

A falls falls
B falls rises
C rises falls
D rises rises

7 Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?

A cellulose, glycogen and starch

B fats, cellulose and proteins
C proteins, oils and glycogen
D starch, fats and oils

8 When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?

A G with A B G with C C G with G D G with T

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

9 The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of an enzyme.

rate of
reaction

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pH

What does the graph show?

A The enzyme is destroyed at pH 9.

B The enzyme works best at pH 6.
C The rate of reaction halves as the pH changes from pH 5 to pH 7.
D The rate of reaction is the same at pH 5 and pH 8.5.

10 The graph shows how enzyme activity is affected by temperature.

rate of
reaction

0 20 40 60
temperature / °C

How can the change in activity between 40 C and 55 C be explained?

A Heat has killed the enzyme.

B The enzyme has been used up.
C The reactants are moving faster.
D The substrate is less likely to fit into the active site.

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

11 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three
different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 C.

0.10% carbon dioxide

X
rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
0.02% carbon dioxide

light intensity

What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?

A carbon dioxide concentration

B light intensity
C surface area of the plant
D temperature

12 The diagram shows a section through a leaf.

Which row correctly identifies tissues X and Y?

X Y

A palisade mesophyll cuticle

B palisade mesophyll upper epidermis
C spongy mesophyll cuticle
D spongy mesophyll upper epidermis

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

13 Which stage of nutrition takes place when food molecules become part of a body cell?

A absorption
B assimilation
C digestion
D ingestion

14 What is the definition of chemical digestion?

A Large insoluble molecules are changed into smaller soluble molecules.

B Large soluble molecules are changed into smaller soluble molecules.
C Small insoluble molecules and ions are passed through the wall of the small intestine.
D Small soluble molecules and ions are passed through the wall of the small intestine.

15 In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?

A mesophyll  root hair  xylem

B mesophyll  xylem  root hair

C root hair  mesophyll  xylem

D root hair  xylem  mesophyll

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

16 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a plant stem.

What is the name and function of the tissue labelled X?

tissue function

A phloem transports sugars

B phloem transports water and minerals
C xylem transports sugars
D xylem transports water and minerals

17 The table shows some features of blood vessels.

Which row shows the features of a vein?

direction of size of the central thickness of

blood flow hole (lumen) wall

A away from large thick

the heart
B away from small thick
the heart
C towards heart small thin
D towards heart large thin

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

18 Where are valves found that prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction?

A capillaries and arteries

B lungs and veins
C heart and capillaries
D heart and veins

19 The sequence of amino acids in antibodies enables them to complete which function?

A bind to a specific antigen

B bind to all pathogens
C perform phagocytosis
D confer passive immunity for all diseases

20 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.

Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?

from pulmonary artery

C

to pulmonary vein

21 The list shows some processes that happen in the human body.

1 water enters cells by osmosis

2 muscles contract
3 impulses travel along neurones
4 oxygen diffuses into cells

Which of these require energy released by respiration?

A 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

10

22 The table shows the composition of blood entering and leaving the liver and the kidneys.

Which row is correct?

highest concentration lowest concentration

of urea in the blood of urea in the blood

A entering kidneys leaving liver

B entering kidneys entering liver
C leaving kidneys entering liver
D leaving kidneys leaving liver

23 Which is the correct sequence of structures through which a nerve impulse passes in a reflex
arc?

A effector  motor neurone  relay neurone  sensory neurone  receptor

B effector  sensory neurone  relay neurone  motor neurone  receptor

C receptor  motor neurone  relay neurone  sensory neurone  effector

D receptor  sensory neurone  relay neurone  motor neurone  effector

24 The diagram shows an eye.

Which labelled part contains cells that are sensitive to light?

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

11

25 When hormones are secreted, they affect different parts of the body.

The table shows some features that are affected by four different hormones.

Which hormone is adrenaline?

feature
blood glucose menstrual sperm
pulse rate pupil size
concentration cycle production

A      key
= affected by
B      hormone
= not affected
C      by hormone
D     

26 When the environment is hot, how do the arterioles in the skin and hair erector muscles react?

hair erector
arterioles
muscles

A dilate relax
B dilate contract
C constrict relax
D constrict contract

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

12

27 The diagram shows one parent Hydra growing and releasing an offspring from the side of its
body.

offspring

parent
hydra

Which row is correct?

parent and
involves asexual
offspring are
reproduction
genetically identical

A   key
B   = yes
C   = no
D  

28 Which row describes self-pollination?

pollen transferred from anther to stigma of

a different flower a flower on a
on the same different plant of same flower
plant the same species

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

29 Which feature is only found in the male gamete?

A acrosome
B enzymes
C jelly coat
D mitochondria

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

13

30 The graph shows how the mass of DNA changes during a mitotic cell division.

Where on the graph are two cells formed?

A B C D

mass of
DNA per cell
/ arbitrary units

time / hours

31 What happens during meiosis?

A A diploid cell divides to form diploid cells.

B A diploid cell divides to form haploid cells.
C A haploid cell divides to form diploid cells.
D A haploid cell divides to form haploid cells.

32 Red-green colour blindness is a condition that occurs more frequently in men than in women.

Which statement about this condition is correct?

A It can pass from father to son.

B It is a sex-linked characteristic.
C It shows co-dominance.
D The gene is on the Y chromosome.

33 Which statement explains why the allele for sickle-cell anaemia is commonly found in human
populations in certain parts of the world?

A It is transmitted by mosquitoes.
B It protects people against malaria.
C It prevents people being bitten by mosquitoes.
D It increases oxygen transport.

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

14

34 The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of which process?

A evolution by artificial selection

B evolution by natural selection
C variation due to genetic engineering
D variation due to asexual reproduction

35 The diagram contains information about the number and mass of organisms in a food web.

2 25
average
foxes owls organism
mass / g
fox 13 000
150 3500 hazelnut 3
squirrels shrews
shrew 20
owl 600
500 000
hazelnuts squirrel 400

What is the total biomass of all the primary consumers in this food web?

A 130 kg B 420 kg C 3650 kg D 130 000 kg

36 The diagram shows some of the stages in the nitrogen cycle.

Which arrow represents the process of nitrogen fixation?

nitrogen in
the air

A
B
D herbivore

dead organic
matter
not to
bean plant scale
with root
nodules
nitrates

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

15

37 Which term is used to describe the phase of fastest growth in a population of bacteria?

A stationary
B lag
C exponential
D sigmoid

38 Which are reasons why bacteria are often useful in biotechnology?

1 lack of ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth

2 they have the same genetic code as all other organisms
3 their DNA is located in a nucleus that can easily be altered with enzymes

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 3 D 2 and 3 only

39 Penicillin is produced in a fermenter by growing the fungus Penicillium. The graph shows how the
mass of living Penicillium fungus and the concentration of penicillin changed over time.

mass of living
mass concentration
Penicillium
of penicillin
fungus
concentration

0 1 2 3 4 5
time / days

When is the best time to collect the penicillin?

A at 1.5 days
B at 3 days
C at 3.5 days
D at 5 days

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

16

40 The number of Atlantic bluefin tuna fish found in the Atlantic Ocean has significantly decreased in
the last 50 years.

Which method would make the biggest improvement in the conservation of tuna fish stocks?

A decreasing the size of holes in fishing nets

B genetic engineering of tuna
C introducing fishing quotas
D selective breeding of tuna

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0610/21/O/N/20

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2020
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*2813144370*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

IB20 11_0610_22/3RP
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which process is carried out by all organisms?

A growth
B photosynthesis
C sexual reproduction
D transpiration

2 What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon?

broad leaves parallel veins

A   key
B   = yes
C   = no
D  

3 The photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.

R Q P

Which parts labelled on the photomicrograph indicate that this is a plant cell?

A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S

4 The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.

The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 m.

What is the magnification of the image?

A 10 B 1000 C 10 000 D 100 000

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

5 What are features of osmosis?

requires a partially
diffusion is
requires cell walls permeable
involved
membrane

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

6 The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis.

1 2
glass tube

liquid
level

very concentrated concentrated

water
sucrose solution sucrose solution

partially
permeable membrane

After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?

liquid level in liquid level in

tube 1 tube 2

A falls falls
B falls rises
C rises falls
D rises rises

7 Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?

A cellulose, glycogen and starch

B fats, cellulose and proteins
C proteins, oils and glycogen
D starch, fats and oils

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

8 When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?

A G with A B G with C C G with G D G with T

9 The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of an enzyme.

rate of
reaction

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pH

What does the graph show?

A The enzyme is destroyed at pH 9.

B The enzyme works best at pH 6.
C The rate of reaction halves as the pH changes from pH 5 to pH 7.
D The rate of reaction is the same at pH 5 and pH 8.5.

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

10 The graph shows how enzyme activity is affected by temperature.

rate of
reaction

0 20 40 60
temperature / °C

How can the change in activity between 40 C and 55 C be explained?

A Heat has killed the enzyme.

B The enzyme has been used up.
C The reactants are moving faster.
D The substrate is less likely to fit into the active site.

11 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three
different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 C.

0.10% carbon dioxide

X
rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
0.02% carbon dioxide

light intensity

What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?

A carbon dioxide concentration

B light intensity
C surface area of the plant
D temperature

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

12 The graph shows how the percentage of protein found in potatoes was affected by the
concentration of nitrate fertiliser added to the crop when it was growing.

percentage
of protein
in potatoes

concentration of
nitrate fertiliser added

These results suggest that greater concentrations of nitrate fertiliser allow the potatoes to make
more

A amino acids.
B cellulose.
C lipid.
D starch.

13 Which stage of nutrition takes place when food molecules become part of a body cell?

A absorption
B assimilation
C digestion
D ingestion

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

14 The diagram shows the apparatus used in an experiment to demonstrate two processes that take
place in the body.

test-tube

pure water
dialysis
tubing
ends dialysis tubing which
tightly is partially permeable
sealed
mixture of saliva
and starch solution

After one hour, the water outside the dialysis tubing contained reducing sugars.

Which two processes are represented by this experiment?

A absorption and digestion

B absorption and egestion
C digestion and egestion
D digestion and ingestion

15 In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?

A mesophyll  root hair  xylem

B mesophyll  xylem  root hair

C root hair  mesophyll  xylem

D root hair  xylem  mesophyll

16 What is a function of phloem?

A transports minerals to the roots

B transports starch to the roots
C transports sugar to the roots
D transports water to the roots

17 What ensures that blood flows in one direction in the human circulatory system?

A diffusion of carbon dioxide

B diffusion of oxygen
C thick walled arteries
D valves

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

18 The diagrams show four components of blood.

Which component produces antibodies?

A B C D

19 A patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. The patient
recovered and survived.

What describes the effect in the patient’s body?

active passive memory cells

immunity immunity produced

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

20 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.

Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?

from pulmonary artery

C

to pulmonary vein

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

21 What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A carbon dioxide
B ethanol
C lactic acid
D water

22 How do the concentrations of glucose and urea in urine compare to their concentrations in blood
plasma?

glucose
urea concentration
concentration in
in urine (compared
urine (compared to
to blood plasma)
blood plasma)

A higher lower
B higher same
C same same
D lower higher

23 Which structure contains relay neurones?

A gland
B muscle
C spinal cord
D synapse

24 A man injures his arm in an accident. Afterwards, he can move his hand but cannot feel objects
touching his hand.

What could cause this?

A Both sensory and motor neurones are cut.

B Effectors are damaged.
C Motor neurones are cut.
D Sensory neurones are cut.

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

10

25 How does the skin react when the body becomes cold?

arterioles supplying
sweat production
the skin surface

A constrict decreases
B dilate increases
C move towards skin surface decreases
D move away from skin surface increases

26 Which characteristic of viruses prevents them from being affected by antibiotics?

A They cannot reproduce on their own.

B They contain DNA or RNA.
C They have no cell structure.
D They are much smaller than bacteria.

27 Some flowers can only be pollinated by specific insect species.

What will happen if none of these insects are present?

A genetically different seed produced

B genetically identical seed produced
C no seed produced
D only small amounts of seed produced

28 Which hormone is used in contraceptive pills?

A insulin
B LH
C FSH
D progesterone

29 Which hormone causes the lining of the uterus to become thick and glandular before ovulation?

A adrenaline
B FSH
C oestrogen
D progesterone

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

11

30 The diagrams show human nuclei and the number of chromosomes in each nucleus.

Which diagram represents nuclear division of skin cells for growth and repair?

A B C D

46 46 23 23 23

23 23 46 46 46 23 23

31 Meiosis is sometimes called ‘reduction division’.

What is reduced during meiosis?

A Body cells are reduced in size.

B Chromosomes are reduced in number.
C The number of gametes is reduced.
D The rate of cell division is reduced.

32 In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive.

A test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a black guinea pig.

What would be the expected result of the test cross if the black guinea pig was heterozygous?

A 50% black, 50% white

B 25% black, 75% white
C 100% black
D 100% white

33 What is not affected by the environment?

A height
B skin colour
C blood group
D weight

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

12

34 Desert plants have evolved to survive in places where very little water is available.

Which process is reduced to enable them to retain as much water as possible?

A transpiration
B translocation
C respiration
D digestion

35 The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers.

level

What is the correct description of the trophic levels?

trophic level
1 2 3

A producers primary consumers secondary consumers

B producers secondary consumers tertiary consumers
C secondary consumers primary consumers producers
D secondary consumers tertiary consumers producers

36 Bacteria are active in the nitrogen cycle.

Which process in the nitrogen cycle is carried out by nitrifying bacteria?

A the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia

B the conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrates
C the conversion of ammonia to nitrates
D the conversion of nitrates to nitrogen

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

13

37 The diagram shows a population growth curve.

500

400
number of
300
individuals
in the
population 200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
time / days

How long does the population remain in the stationary phase?

A 8 days
B 12 days
C 23 days
D 48 days

38 The stages describe how genetic engineering can be used to produce human insulin from
bacteria.

1 cut bacterial plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes

2 extract gene for insulin from human DNA with restriction enzymes
3 insert recombinant plasmid into bacteria
4 join human DNA to bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase
5 replicate bacteria containing recombinant plasmid

Which sequence will lead to the production of human insulin by bacteria?

A 21435

B 25134

C 42315

D 43512

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

14

39 What is an example of sustainable use of resources?

A allowing only young fish to be caught

B cutting down a forest and not replanting trees
C controlling the number of fish caught with quotas
D planting deforested areas with one species of crop plant

40 The hormones from the female contraceptive pill can pollute water courses.

What effect do they have?

A decrease the amount of oxygen for fish

B decrease the sperm count of men
C increase the growth of producers
D increase the number of decomposers

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

15

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0610/22/O/N/20

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2020
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*5736740124*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

IB20 11_0610_23/4RP
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
 PMT

1 The diagram shows some of the processes carried out by living organisms.

carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere
X

Y
light energy
green
chicken
plant X

Y Y

waste waste
products products

Which two characteristics of living organisms are represented by arrows X and Y?

A excretion and sensitivity

B nutrition and excretion
C respiration and growth
D sensitivity and reproduction

2 What are features of the leaves of a plant that is a dicotyledon?

broad leaves parallel veins

A   key
B   = yes
C   = no
D  

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

3 The photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.

R Q P

Which parts labelled on the photomicrograph indicate that this is a plant cell?

A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S

4 The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.

The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 m.

What is the magnification of the image?

A 10 B 1000 C 10 000 D 100 000

5 What are features of osmosis?

requires a partially
diffusion is
requires cell walls permeable
involved
membrane

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

6 The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis.

1 2
glass tube

liquid
level

very concentrated concentrated

water
sucrose solution sucrose solution

partially
permeable membrane

After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?

liquid level in liquid level in

tube 1 tube 2

A falls falls
B falls rises
C rises falls
D rises rises

7 Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?

A cellulose, glycogen and starch

B fats, cellulose and proteins
C proteins, oils and glycogen
D starch, fats and oils

8 When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?

A G with A B G with C C G with G D G with T

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

9 The graph shows the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of an enzyme.

rate of
reaction

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pH

What does the graph show?

A The enzyme is destroyed at pH 9.

B The enzyme works best at pH 6.
C The rate of reaction halves as the pH changes from pH 5 to pH 7.
D The rate of reaction is the same at pH 5 and pH 8.5.

10 The graph shows how enzyme activity is affected by temperature.

rate of
reaction

0 20 40 60
temperature / °C

How can the change in activity between 40 C and 55 C be explained?

A Heat has killed the enzyme.

B The enzyme has been used up.
C The reactants are moving faster.
D The substrate is less likely to fit into the active site.

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

11 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three
different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 C.

0.10% carbon dioxide

X
rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
0.02% carbon dioxide

light intensity

What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?

A carbon dioxide concentration

B light intensity
C surface area of the plant
D temperature

12 The diagram shows part of a leaf.

What is layer X?

A lower epidermis
B palisade mesophyll
C spongy mesophyll
D vascular bundle

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

13 Which stage of nutrition takes place when food molecules become part of a body cell?

A absorption
B assimilation
C digestion
D ingestion

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

Which labelled part stores bile?

C B

15 In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?

A mesophyll  root hair  xylem

B mesophyll  xylem  root hair

C root hair  mesophyll  xylem

D root hair  xylem  mesophyll

16 A decrease in which factor normally causes the transpiration rate to increase?

A humidity
B light intensity
C number of stomata
D temperature

17 In a mammal, what ensures the blood flows one-way round the circulatory system?

A brain
B capillaries
C lungs
D valves

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

18 Which row correctly identifies the blood vessels?

largest internal thickest muscular transports blood

space (lumen) wall towards the heart

A pulmonary artery capillary pulmonary vein

B pulmonary artery pulmonary vein capillary
C pulmonary vein capillary pulmonary artery
D pulmonary vein pulmonary artery pulmonary vein

19 A baby acquires protection from pathogens from its mother’s breast milk.

What is this protection called?

A active immunity
B immunisation
C vaccination
D passive immunity

20 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.

Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?

from pulmonary artery

C

to pulmonary vein

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

21 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A alcohol, carbon dioxide and water

B alcohol and carbon dioxide only
C carbon dioxide and lactic acid
D lactic acid only

22 What happens as a result of deamination?

A Amino acids are converted to proteins.

B Glycogen is stored.
C Starch is produced.
D Urea is produced.

23 Sensory neurones conduct impulses from

A the brain and spinal cord to muscles.

B one sense organ to another sense organ.
C sense organs to the brain and spinal cord.
D muscles to sense organs.

24 What is a function of the cornea?

A carries impulses to the brain

B contains light-sensitive receptors
C controls how much light enters the eye
D refracts light

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

10

25 The diagram shows some blood vessels near the surface of the skin.

skin surface

direction of
blood flow

X Y Z

If vasodilation occurs at X, what happens to the blood flow at Y and Z?

Y Z

A decreases decreases
B decreases stays constant
C increases increases
D increases stays constant

26 Which substances can be misused to improve athletic performance?

1 alcohol
2 anabolic steroids
3 testosterone

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 2 only D 2 and 3 only

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

11

27 Scientists investigated the amount of genetic variation found within different crop plants. They
grew large numbers of each crop and measured the genetic variation within the species of crop.
The results are shown in the table.

percentage
crop genetic
variation

banana 0
pea 65
carrot 54

Which crop or crops have been produced by sexual reproduction?

A banana only
B banana, pea and carrot
C pea only
D pea and carrot only

28 Which organ secretes progesterone?

A ovary
B pancreas
C salivary gland
D testis

29 Which statement explains why the hormone FSH is used in fertility treatment?

A It causes the formation of a zygote during in vitro fertilisation (IVF).

B It stimulates ovulation for artificial insemination (AI).
C It stimulates the production of large numbers of eggs for use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
D It is used to maintain the uterus wall ready for artificial insemination (AI).

30 Which substance is coded for by a length of DNA?

A base
B glucose
C glycerol
D lipase

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

12

31 Some features of cell division are listed.

1 chromosome number is maintained

2 haploid cells are produced
3 new cells are genetically different
4 results in variation

Which features are involved in meiosis?

A 1, 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 2, 3 and 4 only
D 2 and 3 only

32 Which statement about the inheritance of red-green colour blindness is correct?

A The gene for red-green colour blindness is located on the X chromosome.

B Females are more likely to have red-green colour blindness than males.
C The allele for red-green colour blindness is the dominant allele.
D The gene for red-green colour blindness is located on the Y chromosome.

33 A couple are both heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele.

What is the probability that their first child will have sickle-cell anaemia?

A 25% B 33% C 50% D 75%

34 How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

A Artificial selection changes the characteristics of living things.

B Artificial selection is based on genetic variation.
C Artificial selection does not involve competition for resources.
D Artificial selection occurs over many generations.

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

13

35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Which letter represents denitrification?

atmospheric
nitrogen
D ammonia

nitrites nitrites A

nitrates

nitrates plants
decay

C organic feeding
nitrogen
compounds
B animals

36 A few yeast cells were placed in a container of nutrient solution.

The graph shows how their population size changed over time.

population 4
size 2

time

Which row shows when the reproduction rate was greater than the death rate for the numbered
phases on the graph?

reproduction rate greater than death rate

1 2 3 4

A     key
B     = yes
C     = no
D    

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PMT

14

37 The diagram shows a fermenter used to produce penicillin.

What is the function of part X?

A allow microorganisms to enter the fermenter

B maintain an even temperature inside the fermenter
C monitor the temperature inside the fermenter
D sterilise the contents of the fermenter

38 Bacteria are used to make insulin.

This happens in several stages.

1 bacteria synthesise insulin in fermenters

2 the insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid
3 removal of the insulin gene from a human chromosome
4 a section of a plasmid is removed

In which order do these stages occur?

A 1324

B 1432

C 4231

D 4321

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

15

39 The table shows some of the processes that occur during eutrophication.

Which row shows the correct increase or decrease of each process?

nitrate ion oxygen

light availability rate of respiration
availability in availability in
in the water by decomposers
the water the water

A increases decreases decreases increases

B increases decreases increases decreases
C decreases increases increases increases
D decreases increases decreases decreases

40 The graph shows the effect of fishing on fish stocks over 20 years. In year 11, a fishing quota was
introduced followed by a total ban on fishing in year 16.

key
fish stocks
mass fish caught
of fish

1 6 11 16
year

What effects did these conservation measures have on the fish population?

A The fish population became extinct.

B The fish population started increasing immediately after the fishing quota was introduced.
C The fish population started increasing only after a total ban on fishing was introduced.
D There was no effect on the fish population.

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0610/23/O/N/20

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2021
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*6434775130*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB21 11_0610_21/4RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which characteristics of all living organisms are needed to release energy for growth?

A breathing and respiration

B excretion and nutrition
C excretion and respiration
D nutrition and respiration

2 Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.

What does this indicate about these animals?

A They have been eating the same types of food.

B They have not been exposed to substances that cause mutation.
C They must be members of the same genus.
D They share an ancestor.

3 Which row shows the structure on the outside of a plant cell and the location of the chloroplasts in
the cell?

structure on the location of

outside of a plant cell chloroplasts

A cell membrane in the cytoplasm

B cell membrane in the vacuole
C cell wall in the cytoplasm
D cell wall in the vacuole

4 The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.

The actual length of the mitochondrion is 3 m.

What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?

A 5 B 45 C 5000 D 45 000

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

5 The diagram shows some cells.

cilia

cytoplasm

nucleus

Where are these cells found?

A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchus
D plant roots

6 Which statement about turgor pressure is correct?

A It creates a pull in the xylem which allows water to move upwards.

B It allows sucrose and amino acids to travel upwards and downwards in the phloem.
C It is a pressure that is only found in cells containing chloroplasts.
D It is pressure that helps to provide support for plants.

7 Which words complete the definition of diffusion?

‘Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of their ……1…... concentration to a
region of their ……2…... concentration, ……3…... a concentration gradient.’

1 2 3

A higher lower up
B higher lower down
C lower higher up
D lower higher down

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

8 The bases on one of the strands of a DNA molecule have the sequence shown.

A-A-T-C-T-G

What is the corresponding sequence of bases on the other strand?

A A-A-T-C-T-G
B C-C-G-A-G-T
C G-G-C-T-C-A
D T-T-A-G-A-C

9 In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then
removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.

The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.

white area

green area

Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue-black
iodine solution
stays brown

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.

y-axis

x-axis

What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

x-axis y-axis

A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

11 Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram.

In which test-tube is the starch digested most quickly?

A B C D

water-bath water-bath
at 15 °C at 35 °C

starch solution starch solution

and amylase and amylase

starch solution starch solution

and boiled amylase and boiled amylase

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12 Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is
kept in the dark.

green leaf
green leaf

black paper

orange
hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution

After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each
test-tube?

light dark

A colourless blue-black
B purple yellow
C red blue
D yellow purple

13 Which food is the best source of vitamin C?

A bread
B meat
C milk
D oranges

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

14 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

Which structure produces hydrochloric acid?

A
D

15 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.

process X

What is process X?

A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion

16 The diagrams show sections of a leaf and a root.

not to
1 scale

section of a leaf section through a root

Which two labelled structures identify xylem?

A 1 and 4 B 2 and 3 C 1 and 3 D 2 and 4

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

17 What holds the water molecules together during the transpiration pull in the xylem?

A active transport
B cohesion
C diffusion
D turgor pressure

18 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A lymphocytes
B phagocytes
C plasma
D red blood cells

19 What is the function of the septum in the heart?

A to contract in order to pump blood to the body

B to prevent back flow of blood when the ventricles contract
C to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing
D to provide the heart muscle itself with oxygenated blood

20 What causes the air pressure in the lungs to decrease during breathing in?

A contraction of the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm

B expansion of the lungs causing a decrease in the volume of the alveoli
C outward movement of the ribs and upward movement of the diaphragm
D higher pressure in the atmosphere than in the lungs causing the alveoli to expand

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

21 Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed.

1 mucus
2 skin
3 stomach acid
4 phagocytosis

Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 4 only

22 In a balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration, what are the products?

A 6O2 and 6H2O

B C6H12O6 and 6O2
C 6O2 and 6CO2
D 6CO2 and 6H2O

23 The diagram shows the structure of part of a kidney tubule and associated blood vessels.

glomerulus

Which substances are normally present in the filtrate at X?

glucose urea

A absent absent
B absent present
C present absent
D present present

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

10

24 Which situation is a voluntary action?

A an increase in heart rate in response to danger

B blinking to avoid injury to the eye
C raising your hand to answer a question
D sweating in hot weather

25 When we read a book, our eyes accommodate to view near objects.

Which statement is correct when viewing a near object?

A ciliary muscle contracts, suspensory ligaments are slack, lens is thicker

B ciliary muscle contracts, suspensory ligaments are tense, lens is thinner
C ciliary muscle relaxes, suspensory ligaments are slack, lens is thinner
D ciliary muscle relaxes, suspensory ligaments are tense, lens is thicker

26 How does the body increase blood glucose concentration?

A Insulin released by the liver triggers the pancreas to release glucose.

B Glucagon released by the pancreas triggers the liver to release glucose.
C Insulin released by the pancreas triggers the liver to release glucose.
D Glucagon released by the liver triggers the pancreas to release glucose.

27 Which definition of a drug is correct?

A a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction
B a protein that functions as a biological catalyst
C a substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body
D a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity
of one or more specific target organs

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

11

28 A seed is placed and grown on a rotating disc, as shown.

seed pinned to the

constantly rotating disc

Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling shoot after seven days?

A B C D

29 Which hormone stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle?

A FSH
B LH
C oestrogen
D progesterone

30 Some descriptions of different human cells are listed.

1 contains 46 chromosomes
2 haploid nucleus
3 diploid nucleus
4 contains one set of unpaired chromosomes

Which descriptions are correct for the nucleus of a human gamete?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

31 Which adaptive feature is only found in female gametes?

A acrosome containing enzymes

B flagellum
C jelly coat
D nucleus containing chromosomes

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12

32 A man of genotype IAIB and woman of genotype IBIo have a child.

What is the chance that the child will have the same blood group as one of its parents?

A zero B 1 in 4 C 1 in 2 D 3 in 4

33 Which statement is correct?

A Genetic variation can be caused by phenotypic variation.

B Mutations can be caused by phenotypic variation.
C Phenotypic variation can be caused by genetic variation.
D Phenotypic variation cannot be caused by mutations.

34 The diagram shows a section through the leaf of a water lily.

Water lilies are hydrophytes.

They have larger air spaces than most other plants.

How does this adaption help the lily to survive?

A increases the number of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

B makes the leaf buoyant enough to float on water
C provides more space for the xylem and phloem
D speeds up gas exchange between the leaf and water

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

13

35 A species of insect usually has pale-coloured wings. This helps to camouflage them on
pale-coloured tree trunks. A few of the insects in this species have darker coloured wings.

After a number of years the tree trunks become darker in colour due to environmental changes.
The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured
wings in this species.

Which process causes this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

A biotechnology
B conservation
C natural selection
D selective breeding

36 The graph shows the growth curve for a population of bacteria.

number of S
bacteria

P
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
time / hours

The table identifies each phase shown in the graph.

Which row is correct?

death exponential stationary

lag phase
phase (log) phase phase

A P Q R S
B S Q P R
C S P Q R
D P S R Q

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

14

37 Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human protein.

What happens during this process?

A The human plasmids are isolated using restriction enzymes.

B Ligase is used to create sticky ends in bacterial plasmids.
C Restriction enzymes are used to create sticky ends in human DNA.
D Human DNA is isolated using ligase.

38 Human insulin is a protein that can be made by genetically engineered bacteria. This involves the
transfer of genetic information to bacteria.

The diagrams show cells and parts of cells involved in this process.

1 2 3 4

bacterial plasmid human cell ribosome

cell
not to scale

What is the correct order of transfer of genetic information?

A 3  2  1  4

B 1  2  4  3

C 3  4  2  1

D 1  2  3  4

39 What is an effect of an increase in the use of insecticides?

A decreased competition between crop plants and weeds

B decreased numbers of extinctions
C decreased numbers of pollinators
D decreased use of fertilisers

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

15

40 The graphs show changes that occur in a lake during the process of eutrophication.

W X

biomass

time

concentration

time

What are the labels for W, X and Y?

W X Y

A decomposers producers oxygen

B decomposers producers sulfur dioxide
C producers decomposers oxygen
D producers decomposers sulfur dioxide

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0610/21/O/N/21

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2021
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*9188095747*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

IB21 11_0610_22/4RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
 PMT

1 All living things can remove toxic materials and other substances that are in excess of
requirements.

What is this process called?

A egestion
B excretion
C nutrition
D respiration

2 Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.

What does this indicate about these animals?

A They have been eating the same types of food.

B They have not been exposed to substances that cause mutation.
C They must be members of the same genus.
D They share an ancestor.

3 The diagram shows some tissues in part of a plant root. The arrows represent the movement of
water into and across the plant root tissues.

How many different tissues are shown?

A 2 B 4 C 5 D 7

4 The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.

The actual length of the mitochondrion is 3 m.

What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?

A 5 B 45 C 5000 D 45 000

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

5 The diagram shows some cells.

cilia

cytoplasm

nucleus

Where are these cells found?

A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchus
D plant roots

6 Which statement about diffusion is correct?

A The process requires energy from respiration.

B The particles must cross a cell membrane.
C The net movement of particles is up a concentration gradient.
D The process involves the random movement of particles.

7 The diagram shows the uptake of mineral ions by root hair cells.

inside root
hair cell
X

cell membrane

en
er
gy

mineral ion passing

into the root hair cell
from the soil

Which type of molecule is labelled X in the diagram?

A glucose
B lipid
C protein
D starch

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

8 The bases on one of the strands of a DNA molecule have the sequence shown.

A-A-T-C-T-G

What is the corresponding sequence of bases on the other strand?

A A-A-T-C-T-G
B C-C-G-A-G-T
C G-G-C-T-C-A
D T-T-A-G-A-C

9 In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then
removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.

The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.

white area

green area

Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue-black
iodine solution
stays brown

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.

y-axis

x-axis

What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

x-axis y-axis

A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

11 Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram.

In which test-tube is the starch digested most quickly?

A B C D

water-bath water-bath
at 15 °C at 35 °C

starch solution starch solution

and amylase and amylase

starch solution starch solution

and boiled amylase and boiled amylase

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12 Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is
kept in the dark.

green leaf
green leaf

black paper

orange
hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution

After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each
test-tube?

light dark

A colourless blue-black
B purple yellow
C red blue
D yellow purple

13 The diagram shows the surface view of part of the epidermis of a leaf.

How many guard cells are present?

A 0 B 3 C 6 D 12

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

Where does most water absorption take place?

15 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.

process X

What is process X?

A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

16 The diagram shows a newly planted seedling and the same seedling a few hours after being
planted.

seedling when planted seedling a few hours

after planting

soil

What is the correct explanation for the change in the appearance of the leaves?

A Transpiration is faster than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become flaccid.
B Transpiration is faster than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become turgid.
C Transpiration is slower than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become flaccid.
D Transpiration is slower than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become turgid.

17 Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids in the phloem tissue of a plant from
source to sink.

Which organ can act as a source?

A flower
B growing shoot tip
C new developing root
D storage root

18 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A lymphocytes
B phagocytes
C plasma
D red blood cells

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

19 What do shunt vessels connect?

A arterioles to capillaries
B arterioles to venules
C capillaries to lymphatic vessels
D capillaries to venules

20 Which graph shows how the pressure inside the lungs changes when taking one breath in?

A B

pressure pressure

atmospheric atmospheric
pressure time pressure time

C D

pressure pressure

atmospheric atmospheric
pressure time pressure time

21 Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed.

1 mucus
2 skin
3 stomach acid
4 phagocytosis

Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 4 only

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

10

22 The diagram shows the apparatus used to measure the rate of respiration in germinating seeds.
As the seeds respire, the bubble of coloured water moves along the glass tube.

glass tube

germinating soda lime bubble of

seeds (to absorb coloured water
carbon dioxide)

The temperature is increased from 20 C to 40 C.

What happens to the movement of the bubble as the temperature increases?

A The bubble moves more quickly towards the seeds at 40 C than at 20 C.

B The bubble moves more quickly away from the seeds at 40 C than at 20 C.

C The bubble moves more quickly towards the seeds at 20 C than at 40 C.

D The bubble moves more quickly away from the seeds at 20 C than at 40 C.

23 Which statement about lactic acid is correct?

A Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration in yeast.

B Lactic acid build-up in tissues can lead to an oxygen debt.
C Lactic acid is produced from sucrose during anaerobic respiration.
D Lactic acid is transported from the liver to the muscles after exercise.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

11

24 The diagram shows a mammalian kidney.

renal artery
renal vein

What are areas X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A cortex medulla ureter

B cortex ureter medulla
C medulla cortex ureter
D medulla ureter medulla

25 The structures listed are part of the nervous system.

1 brain
2 effector
3 receptor
4 relay neurone

In a reflex arc, which structures are connected to a motor neurone by synapses?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

26 Which process is a response of the body that is part of a negative feedback process?

A release of insulin in response to low blood glucose concentration

B vasoconstriction in response to an increase in blood temperature
C synthesis of glycogen in response to increase in blood glucose concentration
D sweating in response to a decrease in blood temperature

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12

27 Which row shows the pupil reflex in bright light?

muscles in iris
size of pupil
circular radial

A contracts relaxes larger

B contracts relaxes smaller
C relaxes contracts larger
D relaxes contracts smaller

28 A seed is placed and grown on a rotating disc, as shown.

seed pinned to the

constantly rotating disc

Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling shoot after seven days?

A B C D

29 Commercial plant growers use asexual reproduction to grow coffee plants which produce crops of
coffee beans.

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A The coffee beans produced by all of the plants are identical.

B Two parent plants are needed.
C One parent is needed.
D All plants are equally susceptible to the same disease.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

13

30 Which statement about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?

A Antibodies cannot be made.

B HIV infections can be treated with antibiotics.
C HIV destroys lymphocytes.
D HIV is spread by coughing and sneezing.

31 Which statement about a diploid human cell is correct?

A There are 22 chromosomes and an X or a Y chromosome.

B There are 22 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes.
C There are 23 chromosomes.
D There are 23 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes.

32 The gene for haemophilia is found on the X chromosome and the allele for haemophilia is
recessive.

In the pedigree diagram the dominant allele is shown as XH and the recessive allele is shown
as Xh.

XHXh XH Y
key

female

male

M N

What is the probability of child M having haemophilia?

A 0.00 B 0.25 C 0.50 D 1.00

33 What is an adaptive feature of xerophytes?

A They do not have root hair cells.

B Their leaves have a large surface area.
C They have many stomata.
D Their leaves have thick cuticles.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

14

34 The graph shows the growth of a bacterial population.

Which section represents the exponential (log) phase?

number of B
bacteria
D

time

35 A species of insect usually has pale-coloured wings. This helps to camouflage them on
pale-coloured tree trunks. A few of the insects in this species have darker coloured wings.

After a number of years the tree trunks become darker in colour due to environmental changes.
The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured
wings in this species.

Which process causes this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

A biotechnology
B conservation
C natural selection
D selective breeding

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

15

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

atmospheric
nitrogen
1
proteins and 5
amino acids urea
in animals
ammonium 7

4
2
3 proteins and
death and
nitrates amino acids
decomposition
in plants
6

ammonium

Which processes are carried out by bacteria?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2, 4 and 5
C 1, 2, 5 and 6
D 1, 2, 6 and 7

37 What is a characteristic of bacteria that makes them useful in genetic engineering?

A The genetic code of bacteria is different to plants and animals.

B Their nucleus contains DNA.
C Plasmids can be transferred between cells.
D They have large numbers of mitochondria.

38 What is the useful product of anaerobic respiration in the manufacture of bread?

A carbon dioxide
B ethanol
C lactic acid
D oxygen

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

16

39 What are reasons why species become endangered?

A habitat destruction, hunting and introduced species

B habitat protection, introduced species and monitoring
C habitat destruction, hunting and captive breeding programmes
D hunting, pollution and seed banks

40 If the nitrate concentration in a lake increases, fish may die due to the events listed.

1 increased aerobic respiration by decomposers

2 increased decomposition of dead producers
3 increased growth of producers
4 reduction in dissolved oxygen

Which sequence of events would lead to the death of the fish?

A 1324

B 2143

C 3214

D 3412

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2021
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*1269215875*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

IB21 11_0610_23/6RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
 PMT

1 An Amoeba is a single-celled organism.

The diagram shows an Amoeba engulfing a food particle.

Amoeba

food particle

Which characteristics of living organisms are shown?

A excretion, movement and nutrition

B excretion, nutrition and sensitivity
C movement, nutrition and sensitivity
D movement, reproduction and sensitivity

2 Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.

What does this indicate about these animals?

A They have been eating the same types of food.

B They have not been exposed to substances that cause mutation.
C They must be members of the same genus.
D They share an ancestor.

3 The diagram shows two guard cells.

Which label is correct?

A cell membrane

B cell wall

C vacuole

D cytoplasm

4 The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.

The actual length of the mitochondrion is 3 m.

What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?

A 5 B 45 C 5000 D 45 000

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

5 The diagram shows some cells.

cilia

cytoplasm

nucleus

Where are these cells found?

A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchus
D plant roots

6 In which diagram would oxygen diffuse into the cell?

A B

high oxygen low oxygen high oxygen high oxygen

concentration concentration concentration concentration
in the cell outside of the cell in the cell outside of the cell

cell membrane cell membrane

C D

low oxygen low oxygen low oxygen high oxygen

concentration concentration concentration concentration
in the cell outside of the cell in the cell outside of the cell

cell membrane cell membrane

7 Which statement about the role of the pressure of water in supporting plants is correct?

A The pressure of water inside the cells presses inwards on the cell wall.
B The pressure of water outside the cells presses inwards on the cell wall.
C The pressure of water inside the cells presses outwards on the cell wall.
D The pressure of water outside the cells presses outwards on the cell wall.

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

8 The bases on one of the strands of a DNA molecule have the sequence shown.

A-A-T-C-T-G

What is the corresponding sequence of bases on the other strand?

A A-A-T-C-T-G
B C-C-G-A-G-T
C G-G-C-T-C-A
D T-T-A-G-A-C

9 In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then
removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.

The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.

white area

green area

Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue-black
iodine solution
stays brown

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.

y-axis

x-axis

What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

x-axis y-axis

A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

11 Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram.

In which test-tube is the starch digested most quickly?

A B C D

water-bath water-bath
at 15 °C at 35 °C

starch solution starch solution

and amylase and amylase

starch solution starch solution

and boiled amylase and boiled amylase

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12 Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is
kept in the dark.

green leaf
green leaf

black paper

orange
hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution

After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each
test-tube?

light dark

A colourless blue-black
B purple yellow
C red blue
D yellow purple

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

13 The diagram shows part of a leaf cross-section.

Which cells can carry out photosynthesis?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 2, 3 and 4 C 2, 4 and 5 D 1, 3 and 5

14 Which part of the alimentary canal produces an enzyme that digests proteins?

A C

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

15 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.

process X

What is process X?

A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion

16 How is the structure of root hair cells related to their function?

A They have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

B Their cell wall is partially permeable to absorb water by osmosis.
C They have a large surface area to increase the rate of mineral ion uptake.
D Both the cell wall and cell membrane control the active uptake of mineral ions.

17 In plants, how are amino acids moved between sources and sinks?

A by translocation through xylem vessels

B by transpiration through phloem tissues
C by translocation through phloem tissues
D by transpiration through xylem vessels

18 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A lymphocytes
B phagocytes
C plasma
D red blood cells

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

19 The diagram shows the external structure of the human heart.

Which label identifies a coronary artery?

20 Which row shows what happens at the start of inspiration?

external internal
volume air pressure
intercostal intercostal diaphragm
of thorax in thorax
muscles muscles contracts
increases increases
contract contract

A      key
B       = yes
C       = no
D     

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

10

21 Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed.

1 mucus
2 skin
3 stomach acid
4 phagocytosis

Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 4 only

22 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

Which row shows the correct labels?

part of the gas exchange system

1 2 3 4

A trachea larynx bronchus diaphragm

B larynx trachea bronchus diaphragm
C trachea larynx diaphragm bronchus
D larynx trachea diaphragm bronchus

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

11

23 What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O

B C6H12O6  2C3H6O3

C C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2

D 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

24 The diagram shows a kidney tubule.

In which part of the tubule is the glucose concentration highest?

position of
glomerulus

D
A

to ureter

25 What happens to the muscles in the iris when a person moves from a brightly lit room to a dimly
lit room?

A The circular muscles and the radial muscles relax.

B The circular muscles contract and the radial muscles relax.
C The circular muscles and the radial muscles contract.
D The circular muscles relax and the radial muscles contract.

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

12

26 What happens when someone has a low blood glucose concentration?

A Insulin is released from the pancreas.

B Glycogen is released from the pancreas.
C Glucagon is released from the liver.
D Glucose is released from the liver.

27 How can the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria be reduced?

A treating every disease with antibiotics

B treating infections caused by a virus with antibiotics
C using antibiotics only when essential
D using antibiotics regularly to prevent disease

28 A seed is placed and grown on a rotating disc, as shown.

seed pinned to the

constantly rotating disc

Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling shoot after seven days?

A B C D

29 Which statement describes a structural adaptation of wind-pollinated flowers?

A They have long filaments so that the anthers hang outside of the flower.
B They have round, sticky sepals to trap pollen grains.
C Their large petals protect the stigma.
D Their stamens are feathery so there is a large surface area.

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

13

30 What are likely consequences of HIV infection?

1 decreased lymphocyte numbers

2 reduced active immunity
3 reduced passive immunity

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

31 Which row is correct for the type of cell?

sets of
type of cell nucleus
chromosomes

A body diploid two

B gamete diploid one
C gamete haploid two
D body haploid one

32 Which structures in bacterial cells synthesise proteins?

A cell wall
B chloroplasts
C nucleus
D ribosomes

33 A man with blood group AB and a woman with blood group O have a child.

What are the correct percentages of the possible blood groups for this child?

A 50% A and 50% B

B 50% AB and 50% O
C 25% A, 25% B and 50% O
D 25% AB, 25% A, 25% B and 25% O

34 Which statement about a person who is heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele is correct?

A They are not resistant to malaria and their genotype is HbAHbS.

B They are not resistant to malaria and their genotype is HbSHbS.
C They are resistant to malaria and their genotype is HbAHbS.
D They are resistant to malaria and their genotype is HbSHbS.

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

14

35 A species of insect usually has pale-coloured wings. This helps to camouflage them on
pale-coloured tree trunks. A few of the insects in this species have darker coloured wings.

After a number of years the tree trunks become darker in colour due to environmental changes.
The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured
wings in this species.

Which process causes this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

A biotechnology
B conservation
C natural selection
D selective breeding

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

Which letter represents denitrification?

nitrogen
gas in air
B
A
animals plants

D faeces
nitrate ions
C in soil
ammonium
ions in soil

37 Reasons why bacteria might be used in biotechnology and genetic engineering are listed.

1 All bacteria are harmless organisms.

2 Bacteria contain plasmids.
3 Bacteria share the same genetic code as other organisms.
4 There is a lack of ethical concerns about using bacteria.

Which reasons make bacteria useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 2, 3 and 4 C 1 and 4 D 2 and 3 only

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

15

38 Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human proteins, such as human insulin.

Which enzyme is used to join the human gene and the bacterial plasmid together to create a
recombinant plasmid?

A lipase
B recombinant enzyme
C DNA ligase
D restriction enzyme

39 The bar chart shows the tolerance of some river organisms to different levels of pH.

trout
bass
perch
frogs
salamanders
clams
crayfish
snails
mayflies
6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
pH

Which organisms would be most affected if the pH of a river decreased from pH 6.0 to pH 5.5?

A crayfish and mayflies

B frogs and perch
C snails and clams
D trout and salamanders

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21 [Turn over

 PMT

16

40 What is meant by a sustainable resource?

A a resource that is produced by non-intensive farming and is rarely used

B a resource that is removed from a habitat without changing the environment
C a resource that does not pollute the environment
D a resource that is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0610/23/O/N/21

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2022
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*9998044581*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB22 11_0610_21/4RP
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which process provides an organism with the raw materials needed for tissue repair?

A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration

2 Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?

A a genus
B a kingdom
C a species
D an organ system

3 Root hair cells are found on plant roots.

Which feature is present in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplasts
D cytoplasm

4 The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.

Which type of cell carries out the most photosynthesis?

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

5 Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.

1 glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2 nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair
cells
3 water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf

For which examples must oxygen be present?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

6 The graph shows how the turgor pressure inside a plant cell varies when the cell is placed in
external solutions of different concentrations.

turgor pressure
inside cell

concentration of external solution

What is the state of the cell at point X?

A It has gained water and is flaccid.

B It has gained water and is turgid.
C It has lost water and is flaccid.
D It has lost water and is turgid.

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

7 The diagram shows a length of DNA.

What is the sequence of bases in the unlabelled strand of DNA, starting from the top of the
diagram?

A CGTACA B TACGTG C GCTAGA D ATGCAC

8 Amylase and pepsin are digestive enzymes. The shapes of their active sites are different.

What causes the difference in the shapes of their active sites?

A They are produced by different parts of the digestive system.

B They have different pH ranges.
C They contain different sequences of amino acids.
D They are made of different proportions of the bases A, T, C and G.

9 The rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction decreases when the temperature falls below the
optimum.

Some possible reasons why it slows down are listed.

1 The enzyme molecules are denatured.

2 The molecules have less kinetic energy.
3 The shapes of the substrate molecules are changed.
4 There are less frequent collisions between molecules.

Which reasons cause the reaction to slow down?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

10 Which description of an enzyme-catalysed reaction is correct?

A The substrate binds to an enzyme with the same shape and a product is formed.
B The product binds to an enzyme with the same shape and a substrate is formed.
C The product binds to an enzyme with a complementary shape and a substrate is formed.
D The substrate binds to an enzyme with a complementary shape and a product is formed.

11 Four test-tubes are set up as shown. The test-tubes are kept at 20 C in a water-bath, in the light,
for two hours.

In which test-tube does the hydrogencarbonate indicator turn yellow?

A B C D

black
paper

equal volumes of red

hydrogencarbonate indicator

12 The substances listed are found in the leaf of a plant.

Which substance is obtained from the soil?

A carbon dioxide
B chlorophyll
C glucose
D mineral ions

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

13 The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small
intestine.

What is the immediate effect of this on the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries, and
on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

water potential
blood in contents of
capillaries small intestine

A lowered lowered
B lowered raised
C raised lowered
D raised raised

14 The graph shows the concentration of maltose in different parts of the alimentary canal.

maltose
concentration

mouth stomach small intestine

distance through the alimentary canal

What causes the change in concentration at X?

A absorption of maltose
B action of amylase
C action of maltase
D assimilation of maltose

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

15 The diagram shows a bean seedling soon after it has germinated.

Where is most water absorbed?

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

16 Scientists investigate the movement of substances in a plant.

They cut a ring of tissue from the stem.

Removing the tissue removes some of the transport vessels found around the edge of the stem.

A few days later they notice swelling above the area where the tissue has been removed.

leaves

tissue
removed time swelling

roots

What causes the swelling?

A Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the sink.
B Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the source.
C Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the sink.
D Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the source.

17 The diagram shows the outside of a human heart.

Which structure is a coronary artery?

A B
C

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

18 What happens in the heart when blood flows from the atria to the ventricles?

atria atrioventricular ventricle

muscles valves muscles

A contract close relax

B contract open relax
C relax close contract
D relax open contract

19 Campylobacter is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning.

Which word describes Campylobacter?

A antibody
B disease
C pathogen
D symptom

20 What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?

A 0.04% B 4% C 16% D 21%

21 Which row shows processes that all use energy from respiration?

passage
cell muscle active
diffusion osmosis of nerve
division contraction transport
impulses

A      
B      
C      
D      

key
= uses energy from respiration
= does not use energy from respiration

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

10

22 What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A glucose  alcohol + carbon dioxide

B glucose  alcohol

C glucose  lactic acid + carbon dioxide

D glucose  lactic acid

23 Which substances are excreted from the human body?

1 carbon dioxide
2 urea
3 water

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 1, 2 and 3 D 2 and 3 only

24 What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?

A Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.

B Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
C Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
D Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

25 Which structure can reduce how much light enters the eye?

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

11

26 The diagram shows a section through human skin.

X
Y

What are the structures labelled X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A receptor sweat gland hair erector muscle

B receptor hair erector muscle sweat gland
C sweat gland receptor hair erector muscle
D sweat gland hair erector muscle receptor

27 A disease cannot be treated with antibiotics.

What could be the reasons for this?

1 It is not a bacterial disease.

2 The pathogen is a virus.
3 The patient has become resistant to the antibiotic.

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

12

28 The diagram shows a strawberry plant. These plants can reproduce asexually by producing
‘plantlets’.

plantlet

Why is this method of reproduction useful to strawberry farmers?

A Plantlets are produced by meiosis and are genetically different.

B Plantlets are produced by meiosis and are genetically identical.
C Plantlets are produced by mitosis and are genetically different.
D Plantlets are produced by mitosis and are genetically identical.

29 Which statement about human gametes is correct?

A The female gamete has an acrosome and is non-motile.

B The female gamete has a jelly coating and is motile.
C The male gamete has a flagellum and is non-motile.
D The male gamete has an acrosome and is motile.

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

13

30 The diagram shows the stages of protein synthesis in a cell.

nucleus
cytoplasm

3 NOT TO
SCALE

ribosome

protein

Which row identifies molecules 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A DNA amino acid mRNA

B amino acid DNA mRNA
C DNA mRNA amino acid
D mRNA DNA amino acid

31 Which description of stem cells is correct?

A unspecialised cells that divide by meiosis to produce daughter cells that may become
specialised for specific functions
B specialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that may become further
specialised for specific functions
C unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that may become
specialised for specific functions
D specialised cells that divide by meiosis to produce daughter cells that may become
specialised for specific functions

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

14

32 In some breeds of cattle, hair colour shows codominance. The coats may be red, white or roan (a
mixture of red and white hairs).

What are the expected phenotypes when a parent with a red coat (HRHR) is crossed with a parent
with a roan coat (HRHW)?

A 50% red : 50% roan

B 75% red : 25% roan
C 75% red : 25% white
D 50% red : 50% white

33 Which statement is correct?

A Discontinuous variation is mainly caused by environmental factors.

B Ionising radiation and some chemicals decrease the rate of mutation.
C A gene mutation is a change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule.
D Small variations in height within a human population are an example of discontinuous
variation.

34 A person who is homozygous for the sickle cell allele has a child with a person that is
heterozygous.

What is the likelihood that the offspring would be homozygous for the sickle cell allele?

A 100% B 75% C 50% D 25%

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

15

35 The diagram shows a food web.

NOT TO
SCALE

eagle

stoat
hare

rabbit
grouse adder

shrew
bee heather beetle

How many organisms are feeding at more than one trophic level?

A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

16

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

nitrogen in atmosphere

animals plants 1
6
5 2

bacteria in nitrogen-containing nitrate

plant roots compounds ions

decomposers

3
soil bacteria ammonium ions nitrite ions

Which row shows the correct labels?

nitrogen
denitrification absorption nitrification
fixation

A 3 2 4 6
B 3 5 4 1
C 1 2 3 6
D 1 5 3 4

37 Which statement explains why bacteria are used in genetic engineering?

A Bacteria can only manufacture simple molecules.

B Bacteria growing in a laboratory cause ethical concerns.
C Bacteria have a slow reproduction rate.
D Bacteria have plasmids.

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

17

38 The graph shows the growth of the fungus Penicillium and its production of the antibiotic penicillin
in a fermenter.

concentration
of penicillin

mass of
Penicillium
concentration
or mass

time

Which stage of the Penicillium growth curve produces the highest concentration of penicillin?

A lag phase
B exponential phase
C stationary phase
D death phase

39 Which statement about sustainable resources is correct?

A They include fossil fuels.

B They include non-renewable resources.
C Their production rate is equal to their removal rate.
D Their production rate is smaller than their removal rate.

40 What is the least sustainable method of helping to maintain a population of fish in a lake?

A Only allow female fish to be caught and eaten.

B Only allow fishing at certain times of the year.
C Only allow fishing in certain areas of the lake.
D Only allow the largest fish to be caught and eaten.

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

18

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

19

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

20

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 0610/21/O/N/22

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2022
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*5176895387*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB22 11_0610_22/4RP
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which process provides an organism with the raw materials needed for tissue repair?

A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration

2 Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?

A a genus
B a kingdom
C a species
D an organ system

3 Root hair cells are found on plant roots.

Which feature is present in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplasts
D cytoplasm

4 The cells listed have specialised structures that allow them to carry out their functions.

1 ciliated cell
2 nerve cell
3 root cortex cell
4 sperm cell

Which cells have structures that can move?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

5 Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.

1 glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2 nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair
cells
3 water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf

For which examples must oxygen be present?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

6 Plant tissue is placed in a solution.

What would cause plasmolysis of the plant cells?

1 the external solution having a higher water potential than the plant cells
2 the external solution having a lower water potential than the plant cells
3 water moving out of the plant cells
4 water moving into the plant cells

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

7 DNA is a molecule consisting of two linked strands.

Part of a single strand of DNA has the sequence of bases shown.

ACCGTTGAA

What is the sequence of bases in the second strand?

A ACCGTTGAA
B GTTACCAGG
C TGGCAACTT
D CAATGGTCC

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

8 The graph shows the concentration of a substance during the course of an enzyme-controlled
reaction.

concentration

time

Which substance is this?

A enzyme
B enzyme-substrate complex
C product
D substrate

9 The graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.

enzyme
activity

0 20 40 60 80
temperature / °C

At which temperature do effective collisions happen most frequently?

A 15 C B 40 C C 60 C D 80 C

10 Which statement about enzymes is correct?

A They are made of carbohydrates.

B Their activity is unaffected by pH.
C They are used up during the reaction.
D They have a complementary shape to their substrate.

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

11 Two test-tubes were filled with hydrogencarbonate indicator. An aquatic plant was placed into
each test-tube and the test-tubes were sealed with bungs, as shown.

hydrogencarbonate box that

lamp excludes light
indicator

aquatic plants
test-tube X test-tube Y

Test-tube X was illuminated and test-tube Y was kept in the dark. The results are shown.

colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator

test-tube at the start of at the end of
the investigation the investigation

X orange red
Y orange yellow

What causes the colour changes in the hydrogencarbonate indicator in X and Y?

X Y
A a decrease in the an increase in the
concentration of carbon dioxide concentration of carbon dioxide
B a decrease in the an increase in the
concentration of oxygen concentration of oxygen
C an increase in the a decrease in the
concentration of carbon dioxide concentration of carbon dioxide
D an increase in the a decrease in the
concentration of oxygen concentration of oxygen

12 The substances listed are found in the leaf of a plant.

Which substance is obtained from the soil?

A carbon dioxide
B chlorophyll
C glucose
D mineral ions

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

13 The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small
intestine.

What is the immediate effect of this on the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries, and
on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

water potential
blood in contents of
capillaries small intestine

A lowered lowered
B lowered raised
C raised lowered
D raised raised

14 The graph shows the concentration of maltose in different parts of the alimentary canal.

maltose
concentration

mouth stomach small intestine

distance through the alimentary canal

What causes the change in concentration at X?

A absorption of maltose
B action of amylase
C action of maltase
D assimilation of maltose

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

15 The diagram shows a bean seedling soon after it has germinated.

Where is most water absorbed?

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

16 Scientists investigate the movement of substances in a plant.

They cut a ring of tissue from the stem.

Removing the tissue removes some of the transport vessels found around the edge of the stem.

A few days later they notice swelling above the area where the tissue has been removed.

leaves

tissue
removed time swelling

roots

What causes the swelling?

A Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the sink.
B Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the source.
C Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the sink.
D Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the source.

17 The diagram shows the outside of a human heart.

Which structure is a coronary artery?

A B
C

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

18 The photomicrograph shows some different types of blood cell.

What is the function of the cell labelled X?

A clotting blood
B phagocytosis
C producing antibodies
D transporting oxygen

19 Campylobacter is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning.

Which word describes Campylobacter?

A antibody
B disease
C pathogen
D symptom

20 What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?

A 0.04% B 4% C 16% D 21%

21 Which process could continue without energy from respiration?

A active transport
B growth
C osmosis
D protein synthesis

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

10

22 Which row shows the products of anaerobic respiration in humans and yeast?

products in humans products in yeast

A lactic acid only alcohol only

B lactic acid only alcohol and carbon dioxide
C lactic acid and carbon dioxide alcohol only
D lactic acid and carbon dioxide alcohol and carbon dioxide

23 A person eats foods containing proteins. Some of the amino acids in the proteins are converted
to urea and excreted from the body.

1 2 3
proteins amino acids urea urine

Which row identifies the sites of processes 1, 2 and 3?

site of process 1 site of process 2 site of process 3

A stomach liver kidney

B liver kidney bladder
C stomach kidney liver
D liver stomach kidney

24 What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?

A Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.

B Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
C Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
D Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

25 Which hormone causes an increase in breathing rate, an increase in heart rate and the widening
of pupils?

A insulin
B adrenaline
C oestrogen
D testosterone

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

11

26 Which row about tropic responses is correct?

gravitropism phototropism

A root grows away from gravity shoot grows away from light source
B root grows away from gravity shoot grows towards light source
C root grows towards gravity shoot grows away from light source
D root grows towards gravity shoot grows towards light source

27 What is the definition of a drug?

A a substance produced by a gland that is carried in the blood and alters the activity of target
organs
B a substance produced by white blood cells that is carried in the blood and destroys bacteria
and viruses
C a substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions carried out in the
body
D a substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions in the body and is not changed by
the reaction

28 What is the sequence of events in sexual reproduction in plants?

A growth of pollen tube  fertilisation  pollination

B growth of pollen tube  pollination  fertilisation

C pollination  fertilisation  growth of pollen tube

D pollination  growth of pollen tube  fertilisation

29 Which statement describes passive immunity?

A the process of antigen production in the body

B defence against pathogens by antibodies acquired from another individual
C the type of immunity that results from vaccination
D immunity that results in the production of memory cells

30 What happens to the number of chromosomes when a cell divides by meiosis?

A doubles from diploid to haploid

B doubles from haploid to diploid
C halves from diploid to haploid
D halves from haploid to diploid

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

12

31 A sex-linked condition is caused by a recessive allele. A healthy male and female are both
unaffected by the condition but the female has one copy of the recessive allele.

What is the chance of their offspring being affected by the sex-linked condition?

A 50% of all their offspring

B 100% of male offspring and 0% of female offspring
C 25% of all their offspring
D 50% of male offspring and 25% of female offspring

32 The diagram shows the unspecialised cells of a mammalian embryo soon after fertilisation.

What is the correct description of these cells?

A embryo cells undergoing meiosis

B gametes undergoing mitosis
C stem cells undergoing mitosis
D zygote undergoing meiosis

33 Which feature is a leaf adaptation for a xerophyte?

A hair-like structures on the leaves

B large surface area
C many stomata
D thin waxy cuticle

34 What is an example of evolution?

A the genetic engineering of bacteria to produce human insulin

B the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
C the changes made to livestock as a result of artificial selection
D the production of lactose-free milk

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

13

35 The diagram shows the flow of energy through living organisms.

energy from photosynthesis energy feeding energy in

the Sun in plants animals

Which term should be placed in both boxes to complete the diagram?

A chemical
B heat
C kinetic
D light

36 The diagram shows the nitrogen cycle in the ocean.

Which stage represents nitrification?

atmosphere
nitrogen A

nitrate
B
upper part D
phytoplankton
of the sea
with sunlight
zooplankton
and fish

lower part ammonia

nitrate
of the sea
without sunlight C

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

14

37 The graph shows how much penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium in a fermenter. It also
shows the concentrations of sugars, ammonium ions and Penicillium. Penicillium uses sugars as
a food source and needs ammonium ions.

penicillin
sugars

concentration
Penicillium
ammonium ions

time

What does the graph show about the conditions needed for penicillin production?

A A high concentration of ammonium ions must be maintained.

B Most penicillin is produced when nutrient concentrations are low.
C Penicillium cannot produce penicillin when its concentration decreases.
D Sugars must be added constantly to the fermenter.

38 The list shows some of the steps in the production of human insulin by genetic engineering.

1 The human insulin gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid using DNA ligase.
2 A recombinant plasmid is inserted into a bacterium.
3 The bacterium containing the recombinant plasmid replicates.
4 The insulin gene is removed from human DNA using a restriction enzyme.

What is the correct sequence of these steps?

A 1243

B 2431

C 3214

D 4123

39 Deforestation results in an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What is the correct explanation?

A There is less decay.

B There is less photosynthesis.
C There is less respiration.
D There is less transpiration.

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

15

40 Which definition of sustainable development is correct?

A providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment
B using a resource more quickly than it can be replaced
C using increasing areas of land for crops, livestock production and housing
D conservation of endangered species by captive breeding programmes and seed banks

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 0610/22/O/N/22

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2022
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*3591968192*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB22 11_0610_23/4RP
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which process provides an organism with the raw materials needed for tissue repair?

A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration

2 Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?

A a genus
B a kingdom
C a species
D an organ system

3 Root hair cells are found on plant roots.

Which feature is present in a root hair cell but not in a sperm cell?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplasts
D cytoplasm

4 What is an example of a tissue?

A a chloroplast
B the palisade mesophyll
C a neurone
D the pancreas

5 Some examples of substances moving across membranes are listed.

1 glucose molecules into the epithelium that lines the small intestine
2 nitrate ions from a dilute solution in soil into a more concentrated solution in root hair
cells
3 water molecules from mesophyll cells into the air spaces of a leaf

For which examples must oxygen be present?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

6 In which diagram would most oxygen molecules diffuse across the membrane per minute?

A B
30 °C 70 °C 30 °C 70 °C

key
membrane
C D oxygen molecules
30 °C 70 °C 30 °C 70 °C

7 The list shows some statements about enzymes.

1 They all contain the element nitrogen.

2 They are proteins.
3 They can be denatured by cold temperatures.
4 Their specificity is due to the complementary shapes of the active site and the
substrate.

Which statements are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 2 and 4 only D 3 and 4

8 Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct?

A DNA contains six types of base.

B DNA contains three strands coiled to form a helix.
C DNA is made of a chain of amino acids.
D DNA has two strands with cross-links between pairs of bases.

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

9 A doctor tested the urine of four patients for both glucose and protein. The colours of the urine
samples after testing are shown in the table.

Which patient’s urine contained both protein and glucose?

colour after colour after

testing with testing with
biuret solution Benedict’s solution

A blue brick red

B blue blue
C purple brick red
D purple blue

10 The equation shows the digestion of protein to amino acids.

protease
protein amino acids

In the equation, what is protease?

A a catalyst

B a product
C a solvent
D a substrate

11 The graph shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

rate of
photosynthesis X

light intensity

What are the limiting factors at X and Y?

X Y

A carbon dioxide concentration carbon dioxide concentration

B carbon dioxide concentration light intensity
C light intensity carbon dioxide concentration
D light intensity light intensity

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

12 The substances listed are found in the leaf of a plant.

Which substance is obtained from the soil?

A carbon dioxide
B chlorophyll
C glucose
D mineral ions

13 The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small
intestine.

What is the immediate effect of this on the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries, and
on the water potential of the contents of the small intestine?

water potential
blood in contents of
capillaries small intestine

A lowered lowered
B lowered raised
C raised lowered
D raised raised

14 The graph shows the concentration of maltose in different parts of the alimentary canal.

maltose
concentration

mouth stomach small intestine

distance through the alimentary canal

What causes the change in concentration at X?

A absorption of maltose
B action of amylase
C action of maltase
D assimilation of maltose

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

15 The diagram shows a bean seedling soon after it has germinated.

Where is most water absorbed?

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

16 Scientists investigate the movement of substances in a plant.

They cut a ring of tissue from the stem.

Removing the tissue removes some of the transport vessels found around the edge of the stem.

A few days later they notice swelling above the area where the tissue has been removed.

leaves

tissue
removed time swelling

roots

What causes the swelling?

A Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the sink.
B Phloem vessels have been removed and sucrose cannot move to the source.
C Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the sink.
D Xylem vessels have been removed and minerals cannot move to the source.

17 The diagram shows the outside of a human heart.

Which structure is a coronary artery?

A B
C

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

18 The diagrams represent blood flow in the circulatory systems of fish and humans.

fish circulation human circulation

gills
body
4
1 2 lungs
heart 5
6
heart
3 body

In the fish circulation and the human circulation, where is the oxygen concentration highest?

fish human
circulation circulation

A 1 4
B 1 5
C 2 4
D 3 6

19 Campylobacter is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning.

Which word describes Campylobacter?

A antibody
B disease
C pathogen
D symptom

20 What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?

A 0.04% B 4% C 16% D 21%

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

21 Which actions use energy released from respiration?

1 muscle contraction
2 protein synthesis
3 cell division
4 transmitting nerve impulses

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 3 and 4 only

22 What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

A glucose + oxygen  lactic acid

B glucose  carbon dioxide

C glucose + carbon dioxide  alcohol

D glucose  lactic acid

23 Which statement about the formation of urea is correct?

A Urea is formed in the kidneys from excess amino acids.

B Urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids.
C Urea is formed in the kidneys from excess fatty acids.
D Urea is formed in the liver from excess fatty acids.

24 What is a response to a low concentration of glucose in the blood?

A Glucagon will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.

B Glucagon will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.
C Insulin will cause the body to convert glucose into glycogen.
D Insulin will cause the body to convert glycogen into glucose.

25 Which endocrine gland secretes insulin?

A adrenal
B ovary
C pancreas
D testis

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

10

26 Which factors affect the growth of plants?

A gravity and light only

B gravity, light and temperature
C gravity and temperature only
D light and temperature only

27 The table shows the recommended daily amounts (RDA) of some nutrients for a person with
special dietary requirements, and their actual intake of those nutrients.

dietary RDA for

actual intake
component this person

carbohydrate / g 260 265

protein / g 44 41
fat / g 33 32
vitamin C / mg 60 5
vitamin D / g 10 11
fibre / g 26 27
iron / mg 15 15
calcium / mg 700 710

What would the person be at risk of developing if they continued with the same daily intake of
these nutrients?

A constipation
B coronary heart disease
C obesity
D scurvy

28 What are advantages of using sexual reproduction to produce crop plants?

1 It produces genetic variation to help breed new varieties of crop plant.

2 It ensures that crops have the identical characteristics.
3 It quickly produces many identical copies of a plant.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

11

29 Where is the hormone progesterone produced?

1 ovaries
2 placenta
3 uterus

A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

30 Which row correctly describes mitosis?

number of
new cells are duplication of
chromosomes in a
genetically identical chromosomes
daughter cell compared
to the parent cell occurs
to the parent cell

A no before mitosis same

B no during mitosis halved
C yes before mitosis same
D yes during mitosis halved

31 The diagram shows the flow of energy through a food chain.

1
5

2 4 6 7

Which row correctly labels this energy flow diagram?

chemical
chemical chemical energy
energy loss energy in
energy in energy in loss by
by excretion tertiary
producers decomposers respiration
consumers

A 2 8 5 3 7
B 1 7 5 3 6
C 2 8 3 5 7
D 1 7 3 5 6

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

12

32 A man and a woman have four children. The diagram shows the blood groups of the children.

father mother

child 1 child 2 child 3 child 4

group A group AB group O group O

What are the possible genotypes of the father and mother?

A IAIA and IBIo

B IAIB and IoIo
C IAIo and IBIB
D IAIo and IBIo

33 How do the leaves of hydrophytes differ from those of xerophytes?

A more hairs on the surface of the leaves

B smaller total surface area
C stomata on the undersides of the leaves
D thinner cuticle

34 Broccoli and cauliflower are crop plants that have been produced from a common wild plant.

Which process would be used to produce the broccoli and cauliflower plants from wild plants?

A artificial selection
B competition
C evolution
D natural selection

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

13

35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

nitrogen in the
atmosphere

bacterium X

nitrates in soil

Which process in the cycle is performed by bacterium X?

A decomposition
B nitrification
C nitrogen fixation
D denitrification

36 The graph shows changes in the population size of a microorganism growing in a fermenter.

What is the exponential phase?

A B C D

population
size

time

37 Bacteria are useful in genetic engineering because they possess plasmids.

Which statement describes the importance of a plasmid?

A It is a circle of DNA and human genes can be inserted into it.

B It is the nucleus of the bacterium and human genes can be inserted into it.
C It can be destroyed and replaced with human insulin.
D It is a circle of DNA and human insulin can be inserted into it.

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22 [Turn over

 PMT

14

38 Which statement is correct?

A DNA ligase is used to cut DNA.

B DNA ligase is used to make proteins.
C Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA.
D Restriction enzymes are used to make proteins.

39 What can reduce the occurrence of famine?

A increasing population size

B long periods of drought
C poverty
D equal distribution of food

40 What is a consequence of deforestation?

A flooding due to reduced transpiration by trees

B increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere due to increased photosynthesis
C reduced carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere due to increased decomposition of
dead trees
D reduced oxygen concentration in the atmosphere due to reduced respiration of trees

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

15

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 0610/23/O/N/22

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2023
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*2838750896*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

IB23 11_0610_21/5RP
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Some processes carried out by living organisms are listed.

1 egestion
2 excretion
3 reproduction
4 respiration

Which processes are carried out by all living organisms?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2, 3 and 4 only
D 3 and 4 only

2 The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.

What does Homo refer to?

A mammal
B genus
C kingdom
D species

3 Some structures found in cells are listed.

1 cell membrane
2 cell wall
3 mitochondria
4 nucleus

Which structures are found in prokaryotic cells?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

4 In a mesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found?

A between the cell wall and the cell membrane

B in the cytoplasm
C in the nucleus
D in the vacuole

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

5 The diagram shows a flatworm. The flatworm has been magnified by 100.

50 mm

What is the actual size of the flatworm?

A 0.5 m B 5 m C 50 m D 500 m

6 The diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and
after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes.

start of the after placing in a

experiment dilute solution of salts

Which statement explains what happens?

A Dissolved salts enter the cell by diffusion.

B Dissolved salts leave the cell by diffusion.
C Water enters the cell by osmosis.
D Water leaves the cell by osmosis.

7 The concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil.

What would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell?

1 mitochondria
2 oxygen
3 membrane proteins
4 cell wall

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 1 and 2 only
D 1 only

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

8 What is the colour change shown by Benedict’s solution when heated with a reducing sugar?

A blue to purple
B blue to red
C brown to blue-black
D red to yellow

9 The diagram shows the digestive system.

Which part absorbs the most water?

D
B

10 Which statement is correct?

A The active site of an enzyme has the same shape as the substrate.
B The active site is not affected by changes in temperature.
C The shape of the active site of an enzyme is complementary to its substrate.
D The substrate and product combine at the active site.

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

11 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three
different carbon dioxide concentrations. In each case the temperature is 15 C.

0.10% carbon dioxide

X
rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis
0.02% carbon dioxide

light intensity

What is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point X on the graph?

A carbon dioxide concentration

B light intensity
C surface area of the plant
D temperature

12 The diagram shows a test-tube at the start and at the end of an enzyme experiment.

enzyme + enzyme +
substrate 10 minutes products
temperature
35 °C

At the end of the experiment, the mixture in the test-tube contains glycerol.

Which row correctly identifies the enzyme and the substrate it acts on?

substrate it
enzyme
acts on

A amylase fat
B amylase glucose
C lipase fat
D lipase glucose

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

13 The diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human.

Which tooth is a molar?

B
C
A

14 What is meant by chemical digestion?

A Large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules.
B Large soluble molecules are broken down into small insoluble molecules.
C Small insoluble molecules are built up into large soluble molecules.
D Small soluble molecules are built up into large insoluble molecules.

15 The diagram shows a villus in the small intestine.

What is absorbed at X?

A fatty acids
B glucose
C glycogen
D starch

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

16 What is a description of transpiration?

A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere

B loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant
C movement of water from the roots to the leaves
D movement of water through the cells of the leaf

17 Parts of a plant are listed.

1 mesophyll cells
2 root cortex cells
3 root hair cells
4 xylem vessels

What is the pathway taken by water in the plant?

A 1423

B 1234

C 3142

D 3241

18 The diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal.

gill capillaries lung capillaries

X
R Y
S
ventricle
atria
atrium

Z ventricles
T

body capillaries body capillaries

fish circulation mammal circulation

Which letters represent areas with the most oxygenated blood?

A R and X B S and Y C T and Y D T and Z

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

19 What is the role of lymphocytes in the blood?

A antibody production
B blood clotting
C phagocytosis
D oxygen transport

20 A patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. The patient
recovered and survived.

What describes the effect of the injection in the patient’s body?

active passive memory cells

immunity immunity produced

A    key
B    = yes
C    = no
D   

21 Which table correctly shows the difference in composition of inspired air compared with
expired air?

A B

inspired air expired air inspired air expired air

oxygen less more oxygen less more

carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less

C D

inspired air expired air inspired air expired air

oxygen more less oxygen more less

carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

22 Which row shows the correct combination of muscle contractions and the pressure in the thorax
when breathing out?

internal external
pressure
intercostal intercostal diaphragm
in thorax
muscles muscles

A contracted contracted contracted high

B contracted relaxed relaxed high
C relaxed contracted contracted high
D relaxed relaxed relaxed low

23 Three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed.

1 In humans, the product is lactic acid.

2 In yeast, the product is lactic acid.
3 It releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.

Which statements are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

24 What is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast?

A C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + 6H2O

B 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

C C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2

D 2C2H5OH + 2CO2  C6H12O6

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

10

25 The diagram shows the human excretory system.

Which labelled structure is the urethra?

26 The diagrams show three types of neurones.

L
NOT TO
SCALE

Which sequence shows the direction that impulses will travel during a reflex action?

A LMN

B MLN

C MNL

D NML

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

11

27 Which statement about rods and cones in the eye is correct?

A Both rods and cones detect different colours of light.

B Only cones are present in the blind spot.
C Rods are more sensitive than cones in low light intensity.
D There are three types of rods but only one type of cone.

28 Which diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics?

diseases diseases
caused by rickets caused by
bacteria viruses

A    key
B    = can be treated
C    = cannot be treated
D   

29 Which statement about human sexual reproduction is correct?

A All gametes are haploid.

B Fertilisation occurs when two diploid nuclei fuse.
C The sperm is the male zygote.
D Sexual reproduction results in haploid offspring.

30 Where is oestrogen produced?

A cervix
B ovaries
C oviducts
D uterus

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

12

31 Which row shows correct information about mitosis?

number of chromosomes
cells produced by mitosis in the daughter cells
compared to the parent cell

A are genetically different half the number

to the parent cell
B are genetically different the same number
to the parent cell
C are genetically identical half the number
to the parent cell
D are genetically identical the same number
to the parent cell

32 Polydactyly is a condition that can occur in cats and results in affected individuals having extra
toes.

The diagram shows the inheritance of the condition in a family of cats.

key
polydactyl female cat
polydactyl male cat
non-polydactyl female cat
non-polydactyl male cat

What does the family tree show about the allele for polydactyly?

A It is codominant.
B It could be dominant or recessive.
C It is dominant.
D It is recessive.

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

13

33 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a marram grass leaf.

Which feature is an adaptation of a xerophyte?

A the presence of chloroplasts

B the presence of fine hairs
C the presence of phloem tissue
D the presence of xylem vessels

34 Some statements about mutations are given.

1 A random change in the amino acid sequence in DNA causes gene mutation.
2 A mutation is a genetic change.
3 Ionising radiation decreases the rate of mutation.
4 New alleles are formed by mutations.

Which statements are correct?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

14

35 The graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in one area.

X
population

time

Which statements are correct?

1 At X, the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

2 At X, there are no deaths and the population is limited by a lack of food.
3 At Y, the birth rate and death rate are equal.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 only

36 In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive.

A test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a guinea pig with black fur.

What would be the expected result of the test cross if the guinea pig with black fur was
homozygous?

A 50% black, 50% white

B 25% black, 75% white
C 100% black
D 100% white

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

15

37 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

nitrogen gas in the atmosphere

decomposition
animal
by bacteria
protein

process R feeding ammonium process T

by bacteria digestion ions by bacteria
in the soil in the soil
plant decomposition
protein by bacteria

absorption process S
by bacteria
nitrates in the soil

Which row shows the correct processes for R, S and T?

denitrification nitrogen fixation nitrification

A R S T
B T S R
C T R S
D S R T

38 During eutrophication, what causes the death of fish?

A increased growth of producers

B increased photosynthesis by producers
C decreased concentration of carbon dioxide in the water
D decreased concentration of oxygen in the water

39 Which product is made using an enzyme rather than bacteria or fungi?

A insulin
B penicillin
C lactose-free milk
D mycoprotein

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

16

40 Some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed.

1 using yeast to produce ethanol

2 artificial selection of sheep with thick wool
3 using bacteria to produce human substances

What are examples of genetic modification?

A 1 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 3 only

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0610/21/O/N/23

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2023
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*6444434436*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

IB23 11_0610_22/5RP
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 PMT

1 Which processes are characteristics of all living organisms?

1 digestion
2 respiration
3 excretion

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 only C 2 and 3 only D 2 only

2 Using the binomial system, the Arctic fox is called Vulpes lagopus.

Which row is correct?

Vulpes lagopus

A genus kingdom
B genus species
C species genus
D species kingdom

3 Which feature is found in viruses?

A cell wall
B mitochondria
C nucleus
D protein coat

4 Which features are possessed by all plant cells?

a cell wall chloroplasts

A   key
B    = yes
C    = no
D  

5 The length of a bacterium in a diagram is 50 mm. The magnification of the diagram is 5000.

What is the actual length of the bacterium?

A 1 m B 10 m C 100 m D 1000 m

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

6 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate osmosis in living cells.

water
potato

glass dish

concentrated
sugar solution

What happens to the volumes of water and sugar solution after 12 hours?

volume of
volume of water
sugar solution

A decreases increases
B increases increases
C increases remains the same
D remains the same decreases

7 Which statements about active transport are correct?

1 It transports particles from a low concentration to a high concentration.

2 It always transports particles into cells.
3 It involves protein molecules in the cell membrane.
4 It uses energy from respiration.

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 3 and 4 only
C 1 and 2 only
D 3 and 4 only

8 Which row identifies the chemical elements in proteins?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

A     key
B      = present
C      = absent
D    

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

9 The table shows some large biological molecules and some small biological molecules.

large biological small biological

molecules molecules

1 cellulose glucose
2 oil amino acids
3 glycogen glucose
4 protein ethanol

Which rows correctly pair large molecules with the smaller molecules used to make them?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

10 The graph shows the results of an experiment to investigate the rate of respiration in an organism
in different environmental temperatures.

rate of
respiration

0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
temperature / °C

What explains the increase in the rate of respiration between 10 C and 30 C?

A The enzymes are denaturing.

B There are more frequent effective collisions between enzyme and substrate molecules.
C There are fewer enzyme-substrate complexes formed.
D There is less kinetic energy.

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

11 The diagram shows how the rate of photosynthesis varies with light intensity.

The four curves show different conditions of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration.

30 °C, 0.2% CO2

20 °C, 0.2% CO2

rate of
photosynthesis 30 °C, 0.1% CO2
P
20 °C, 0.1% CO2

light intensity

What limits the rate of photosynthesis at point P?

carbon dioxide
light intensity temperature
concentration

A    key
B     = yes
C     = no
D   

12 The diagram shows a cell with groups of bacteria around its edge.

cell cytoplasm

spiral-shaped
chloroplast

bacteria

The bacteria have moved to areas of high oxygen concentration.

Which process in the cell causes the bacteria to form these groups?

A digestion
B photosynthesis
C reproduction
D respiration

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

13 The diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human.

Which tooth is a premolar?

B
C
A

14 Some medicines are made into tablets which are coated in a starch-like substance.

The coating protects the medicine from the effects of gastric juice.

Which enzyme digests the coating and what is produced by this action?

enzyme products

A amylase fatty acids and glycerol

B amylase simple reducing sugars
C lipase fatty acids and glycerol
D lipase simple reducing sugars

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

15 The diagram shows a villus. The arrows show the direction of flow within vessels associated with
the villus.

Which vessel carries blood to the liver?

A
C D
B

16 From which part of a leaf does most water evaporate during transpiration?

A the cuticle
B the guard cells
C the spongy mesophyll cells
D the xylem vessels

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

17 The photograph shows a cross-section through a sunflower stem.

What is the name and function of the tissue labelled Z?

name of tissue function of tissue

A phloem transport of mineral ions

B phloem transport of sucrose
C xylem transport of mineral ions
D xylem transport of sucrose

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

18 The photomicrograph shows some blood cells.

What is the function of cell P?

A It carries carbon dioxide.

B It carries oxygen.
C It helps to clot blood.
D It produces antibodies.

19 The diagram shows the blood vessels associated with the liver.

X
aorta
Y
liver key
direction of
blood flow
Z

NOT TO
small intestine SCALE

What are the blood vessels labelled X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A hepatic artery hepatic portal vein hepatic vein

B hepatic portal vein hepatic artery hepatic vein
C hepatic vein hepatic artery hepatic portal vein
D hepatic vein hepatic portal vein hepatic artery

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

10

20 When a pathogen enters the blood, the immune system uses different mechanisms to destroy the
pathogen.

The diagram shows one of these mechanisms.

pathogen

Which row describes the structures involved?

structure X X is made by structure Y

A antigen lymphocytes antibody

B antigen phagocytes antibody
C antibody lymphocytes antigen
D antibody phagocytes antigen

21 What is the composition of expired air compared with inspired air?

carbon dioxide oxygen water vapour

A decreased increased increased

B decreased decreased increased
C increased decreased decreased
D increased decreased increased

22 During exercise, receptors detect a change in the blood and cause the breathing rate to increase.

Which change do the receptors detect and where are they found in the body?

change detected
location of receptors
in the blood

A carbon dioxide increases brain

B carbon dioxide increases lung
C carbon dioxide decreases brain
D carbon dioxide decreases lung

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

11

23 Yeast cells can convert glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Which statement about this process is correct?

A The alcohol produced can be used to make bread rise.

B The carbon dioxide produced can be burnt as a biofuel.
C The yeast cells are using oxygen for this process.
D The yeast cells are carrying out anaerobic respiration.

24 What is the correct balanced equation for one type of respiration?

A C2H5OH  2C6H12O6 + 2CO2

B 2C2H5OH  C6H12O6 + 2H2O

C C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2

D C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2H2O

25 Which row shows an organ and the substance it excretes?

substance
organ
excreted

A bladder water
B kidney ions
C lung oxygen
D urethra urea

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

12

26 The diagram shows a reflex arc in a human nervous system. The person’s finger has just made
contact with a sharp object.

Which part is the motor neurone?

27 Which hormones can increase blood glucose concentration?

A adrenaline and insulin

B adrenaline and glucagon
C adrenaline only
D glucagon only

28 What is defined as a substance that is taken into the body and modifies or affects chemical
reactions in the body?

A antibody
B drug
C hormone
D pathogen

29 What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction for a population in the wild?

A a reduction in genetic diversity

B a decreased ability to adapt to changes in the environment
C a reduction in reproduction if individuals are isolated
D an increased likelihood of a disease affecting all individuals

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

13

30 Pollen grains from a plant were placed onto the stigma of a flower of the same plant. The lengths
of the pollen tubes were measured for four hours. (The mean length of the style in this species of
plant is 2 mm.)

This was repeated using pollen from a different plant.

The results are shown.

3500
pollen from a different plant
3000

2500

mean length 2000

of the pollen
tubes / µm 1500

1000

500
pollen from the same plant
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

time / hours

Which statements are correct?

1 Self-pollination does not lead to fertilisation.

2 The difference in growth of the two types of pollen is an adaptation to increase
variation.
3 The pollen tubes from a different plant grew fastest between 2.0 hours and 4.0
hours.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

31 Which hormones are released by the placenta during pregnancy?

A FSH and LH
B FSH and progesterone
C oestrogen and LH
D progesterone and oestrogen

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

14

32 Why are cells in the pancreas the only body cells that produce insulin?

A All of the genes in the nucleus of a cell in the pancreas are expressed.
B Other body cells do not have the gene for insulin.
C The cells in the pancreas have twice as many genes as the other body cells.
D The gene for insulin is only expressed by cells in the pancreas.

33 Which statement is correct?

A Mitosis always produces offspring that are homozygous.

B Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical.
C Mitosis produces gametes in animals.
D Mitosis only produces haploid cells.

34 What are sources of genetic variation in populations?

1 meiosis
2 random mating
3 random fertilisation

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

35 Which row shows features of xerophytes that reduce water loss?

green colour leaves

presence of
from reduced to thick cuticle
stomata
chlorophyll spines

A    
B    
C    
D    

key
 = reduces water loss
 = does not reduce water loss

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

15

36 The diagram shows a food chain.

tree  insect  blue tit  hawk

Which statement about a pyramid based on this food chain is correct?

A Drawn as a pyramid of biomass, the hawk would have the largest bar size.
B Drawn as a pyramid of energy, the tree would have the largest bar size.
C Drawn as a pyramid of energy, the tree would have the smallest bar size.
D Drawn as a pyramid of numbers, the hawk would have the largest bar size.

37 During the nitrogen cycle, which process releases nitrogen gas into the air?

A decomposition
B denitrification
C nitrification
D nitrogen fixation

38 Red-green colour blindness is a sex-linked characteristic caused by a recessive allele.

Which prediction can be made about the children of a woman who is colour-blind and a man with
normal vision?

A Boys will be colour-blind, and girls will have a 50% chance of being colour-blind.
B Boys will be colour-blind, and girls will have normal vision.
C Girls will be colour-blind, and boys will have a 50% chance of being colour-blind.
D Girls will be colour-blind, and boys will have normal vision.

39 One method of conserving fish stocks is to have a minimum mesh size for fishing nets.

How is the mesh size chosen to conserve a particular fish species?

A The holes in the net must be small enough to catch only young fish.
B The holes in the net must be small enough to catch all fish old enough to reproduce.
C The holes in the net must be large enough to catch some fish of all ages.
D The holes in the net must be large enough to allow young fish to escape.

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

16

40 The diagram shows how a human gene can be inserted into a bacterium.

human cell
bacterium

1
2
gene removed from a a bacterial plasmid
human chromosome is removed and cut
3
a human gene is inserted
into the plasmid

Which row shows the correct processes at 1, 2, 3 and 4?

using
using ligase multiplication
restriction
enzymes of bacteria
enzymes

A 1 2 3
B 1 and 2 3 4
C 1 and 3 2 4
D 4 1 and 2 3

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0610/22/O/N/23

 PMT

Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2023
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*3773899572*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
• There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
• For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
• Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
• Write in soft pencil.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
• Do not use correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 40.
• Each correct answer will score one mark.
• Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB23 11_0610_23/5RP
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 PMT

1 What are characteristics of all living organisms?

A breathing, growth and movement

B egestion, nutrition and reproduction
C digestion, excretion and respiration
D reproduction, respiration and sensitivity

2 Using the binomial system, the name of a lion is Panthera leo.

Which statement is correct?

A The lion belongs to the kingdom Panthera.

B The lion belongs to the genus Panthera.
C The lion belongs to the species Panthera.
D The lion belongs to the genus leo.

3 The diagram shows an organism called Chlamydomonas.

ribosomes

nucleus
mitochondrion

chloroplast

Which processes can Chlamydomonas carry out?

A photosynthesis and respiration only

B photosynthesis, respiration, and protein synthesis
C protein synthesis and respiration only
D respiration only

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

4 The diagram shows the structure of a palisade cell from a leaf.

Which structure contains chlorophyll?

D
B

5 A diagram of a white blood cell has a diameter of 76 mm. The magnification of the diagram is
×8000.

What is the actual diameter of the white blood cell?

A 0.095 µm B 0.95 µm C 9.5 µm D 95.0 µm

6 Which diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell after it is placed in pure water?

A B

C D

7 Which process requires active transport?

A oxygen movement from the alveoli to the blood

B ion uptake by root hair cells from the soil
C water movement through a plant by transpiration pull
D absorption of water into a lacteal in a small intestine villus

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

8 Which row shows the chemical elements contained in fats?

carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen

A     key
B      = present
C      = absent
D    

9 Glycogen is a large molecule made from smaller molecules.

Which smaller molecules is glycogen made from?

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol

10 The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction catalysed by an enzyme.

X
rate of reaction

temperature

Which statement explains the shape of the graph at section X?

A The enzyme is not the correct one to act on this substrate.

B The enzyme is starting to denature.
C The number of active sites is increasing.
D The frequency of enzyme-substrate collisions is increasing.

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

11 During growth, potato plants produce flowers and underground storage organs called tubers.

During this time, which parts of the plant act as sources and sinks for translocation?

flowers leaves potato tubers

A sink sink source

B sink source sink
C source sink source
D source source sink

12 The diagram shows an experiment investigating the effect of light intensity on an aquatic plant.

light light
source source

20 cm 10 cm
P Q

Photosynthesis occurred in both test-tube P and test-tube Q. Both test-tubes were kept at the
same temperature. The number of bubbles produced in test-tube P was 12 bubbles per minute.

What is the most likely number of bubbles produced in one minute in test-tube Q?

A 0 B 3 C 12 D 48

13 Which human teeth are used for biting and cutting food?

A canines and molars

B incisors and canines
C molars and premolars
D premolars and incisors

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

14 The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

Which organ produces hydrochloric acid?

15 The diagram shows the structure of a villus. The artery, capillary, lacteal and vein are labelled
with letters.

Which letter shows where nutrients are absorbed into the blood?

D
C

direction of blood flow

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

16 By which process is water vapour lost from a leaf?

A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D photosynthesis

17 The pathway taken by water through a plant is shown.

root hair cells → root cortex cells → Z → mesophyll cells

Which part of the pathway is Z?

A palisade cells
B phloem
C stomata
D xylem

18 The graph shows the thickness of the muscular wall in each of the four chambers of the
mammalian heart.

Which chamber is the right ventricle?

thickness of
muscular wall

A B C D
heart chamber

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

19 Which row shows correct features of the circulatory system of a fish?

number of times
number of number of blood flows through
atria ventricles the heart during one
circuit of the body

A one one one

B one two two
C two one two
D two two two

20 Cholera infection can cause the following events.

1 Cells lining the small intestine secrete chloride ions.

2 Cholera bacteria produce a toxin.
3 Chloride ions move into the small intestine.
4 Water from the blood moves into the small intestine by osmosis.
5 Water potential of fluid in the small intestine becomes lower.

Which sequence of events will cause diarrhoea?

A 1→3→2→4→5

B 2→1→3→5→4

C 3→1→4→5→2

D 2→3→1→4→5

21 Which row shows the composition of expired air from a healthy person?

carbon dioxide oxygen

water vapour
% %

A 0.04 21 saturated
B 0.04 16 variable
C 4 21 variable
D 4 16 saturated

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

22 The table shows the relative concentrations of urea in the blood entering and leaving the kidneys
and liver.

Which row is correct?

highest concentration lowest concentration

of urea in the blood of urea in the blood

A entering kidneys leaving liver

B entering kidneys entering liver
C leaving kidneys entering liver
D leaving kidneys leaving liver

23 Which statement about anaerobic respiration is correct?

A Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases less energy per glucose molecule than
aerobic respiration.
B Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases more energy per glucose molecule than
aerobic respiration.
C Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and releases less energy per glucose
molecule than aerobic respiration.
D Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and releases more energy per glucose
molecule than aerobic respiration.

24 During exercise an oxygen debt may occur in muscles.

What is the cause of this oxygen debt?

A Aerobic respiration causes a decrease in lactic acid.

B Aerobic respiration causes an increase in lactic acid.
C Anaerobic respiration causes a decrease in lactic acid.
D Anaerobic respiration causes an increase in lactic acid.

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

10

25 The diagram shows parts of the body involved in excretion in humans.

Y
Z

What are the labelled parts?

W X Y Z

A bladder ureter kidney urethra

B kidney ureter bladder urethra
C bladder urethra kidney ureter
D kidney urethra bladder ureter

26 The diagram shows a reflex action when a person touches a hot object and pulls their hand
away.

hot skin on arm hand

neurone relay neurone
object → hand → → → → muscle → pulled
F neurone G
touched E H away

Which letter correctly identifies a structure?

A E is called the effector.

B F is called the motor neurone.
C G is called the motor neurone.
D H is called the receptor.

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

11

27 A light source is placed on one side of a growing plant.

What is the correct explanation of the role of auxin in shoot growth?

A Auxin is equally distributed in response to light and stimulates cell elongation.

B Auxin is equally distributed in response to light and inhibits cell elongation.
C Auxin is unequally distributed in response to light and stimulates cell elongation.
D Auxin is unequally distributed in response to light and inhibits cell elongation.

28 Which statement about antibiotics is correct?

A Antibiotics are drugs.

B Antibiotics are produced by white blood cells.
C Antibiotics can become resistant to bacteria.
D Antibiotics kill viruses.

29 The graph shows the number of cases of disease caused by MRSA bacteria in hospitals in one
city between 1998 and 2010.

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200
number
of cases 1000

800

600

400

200

0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

year

What was the percentage change in the number of cases between 2002 and 2003?

A 44% B 56% C 127% D 227%

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

12

30 Some descriptions of reproduction are listed.

1 formation of a zygote with a diploid nucleus

2 formation of a zygote with a haploid nucleus
3 fusion of diploid nuclei of two gametes
4 fusion of haploid nuclei of two gametes

Which are correct descriptions of sexual reproduction in humans?

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

31 Which statement about pollination in plants is correct?

A Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the style of the same
flower.
B Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower
on a different plant of the same species.
C Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the filament of the same
flower.
D Self-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on
a different plant.

32 The graph shows the changes in the concentration of a hormone that is involved in controlling
the menstrual cycle.

hormone
concentration

0 14 28
time / days

What is the hormone?

A FSH
B LH
C oestrogen
D progesterone

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

13

33 Pea plants produce either yellow or green seeds. Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y).

What are the most likely phenotypes of the offspring of a cross between YY and Yy plants?

A 50% yellow and 50% green

B 75% yellow and 25% green
C 100% yellow
D 100% green

34 The diagram shows the chromosomes of a cell after they have replicated and just before the cell
divides by mitosis.

Which pair of cells will be produced at the end of mitosis?

A B

C D

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23 [Turn over

 PMT

14

35 The table shows the number of stomata per mm2 on the upper and lower epidermis of four
different plants.

Which plant is most likely to be a hydrophytic plant?

number of stomata per mm2

upper epidermis lower epidermis

A 25 16
B 70 88
C 460 0
D 0 150

36 In which process in the nitrogen cycle do microorganisms take nitrogen from the air and convert it
into nitrogen compounds?

A decomposition
B denitrification
C nitrification
D nitrogen fixation

37 An increased concentration of nitrates in water may result in the death of fish because of
eutrophication.

Some stages of eutrophication are given.

1 increased aerobic respiration by decomposers

2 increased decomposition after death of producers
3 increased growth of producers
4 reduction in dissolved oxygen

What is the order of these stages that results in the death of fish?

A 1→4→3→2

B 1→2→4→3

C 3→2→1→4

D 3→4→2→1

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

15

38 Which word describes the number of different species in an area?

A biodiversity
B community
C ecosystem
D population

39 Which statement is an advantage of genetically modifying crops?

A Less pesticide is used if the genetically modified crop is resistant to pests.

B More herbicide is used if the genetically modified crop is resistant to herbicide.
C Seeds for genetically modified crops are more expensive.
D The genetically modified crop genes may be passed to other plants.

40 Which statements are correct descriptions of parts of the process of protein synthesis?

1 Amino acids are made by the ribosomes.

2 mRNA is copied.
3 The gene coding for the protein moves into the nucleus.
4 The ribosome assembles the amino acids into protein molecules.
5 The sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA.

A 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
B 1, 3 and 4 only
C 2, 3 and 5 only
D 4 and 5 only

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 PMT

16

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 0610/23/O/N/23

 Cambridge IGCSE®

BIOLOGY 0610/02
*0123456789*

Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) For examination from 2020

SPECIMEN PAPER
45 minutes
Additional materials: Multiple choice answer sheet
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the answer sheet in the spaces provided unless
this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet.

Read the instructions on the answer sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This document consists of 18 printed pages.

© UCLES 2017 [Turn over

 2

1 The diagram shows some liver cells as they appear under a microscope.

How many cell walls can be seen?

A 0 B 2 C 5 D 10

2 The diagram shows two pathogens, not drawn to the same scale.

pathogen L pathogen M

S
R cytoplasm

What identifies pathogens L and M and structures R and S?

L M R S

A prokaryote virus cell wall protein coat

B prokaryote virus protein coat cell wall
C virus prokaryote cell wall protein coat
D virus prokaryote protein coat cell wall

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 3

3 The diagram shows a high-power drawing of a plant cell.

The distance between X and Y on the diagram below is 80 mm.

The actual length of the cell between X and Y was 160 µm.

Y
X

What is the magnification of the cell?

A ×50 B ×100 C ×500 D ×1000

4 The diagram shows part of a plant root in the soil. The root is absorbing water.

At which labelled point is the water potential highest?

soil
particle
D
A B C

xylem
root hair cell

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 4

5 The diagram shows two solutions that are separated by a partially permeable membrane.

partially permeable
membrane

dilute concentrated
solution solution
of of
sucrose sucrose

X Y

In which direction will most water molecules move in relation to their concentration gradient?

A from X to Y against their concentration gradient

B from X to Y down their concentration gradient
C from Y to X against their concentration gradient
D from Y to X down their concentration gradient

6 Which statement describes active transport?

A the movement of ions through proteins in a cell membrane, releasing energy

B the movement of ions through proteins in a cell membrane, using energy
C the movement of water through lipids in a cell membrane, releasing energy
D the movement of water through lipids in a cell membrane, using energy

7 The diagram shows an experiment using an uncooked potato. The skin of the potato was
removed as shown.

concentrated
sugar solution

potato
skin has been
water removed

Which diagram shows the result of the experiment after 24 hours?

A B C D

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 5

8 One strand of a DNA molecule contains the base sequence AGT.

What is the base sequence on the other strand of the DNA molecule?

A AGT
B GAT
C TAC
D TCA

9 The following can be used to write a word equation for photosynthesis.

1 carbon dioxide and water

2 light and chlorophyll

3 glucose and oxygen

Which shows a correct word equation for photosynthesis?

A 1 → 2 in the presence of 3

B 1 → 3 in the presence of 2

C 2 → 3 in the presence of 1

D 3 → 1 in the presence of 2

10 Which row shows the most likely number of chloroplasts in three types of cell in a leaf?

vascular
epidermis mesophyll
bundle cell

A 0 6 17
B 0 17 0
C 17 6 0
D 17 0 6

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 6

11 The diagram shows a tooth.

bone

What are the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A dentine enamel pulp

B enamel dentine pulp
C enamel pulp dentine
D pulp dentine enamel

12 What is the function of the lacteal in a villus?

A absorbs the fatty acids

B allows substances to pass from the lumen of the intestine into the villus
C takes oxygen to the villus
D absorbs the glucose and amino acids

13 On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?

A into the leaf by diffusion

B into the leaf by respiration
C out of the leaf by diffusion
D out of the leaf by respiration

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 7

14 The diagram shows a capillary and some body cells.

body cell

Q
P capillary wall

How do ions pass from P to Q?

A by diffusion in blood
B by diffusion in tissue fluid
C by osmosis in blood
D by osmosis in tissue fluid

15 These actions may be important in controlling the spread of disease.

1 washing hands after going to the toilet

2 disposing of waste frequently

3 using separate cutting boards for meat and salad

4 disposing of raw sewage into a river

Which would help control the spread of disease?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 4 only

16 New-born babies have passive immunity.

Why is this only temporary?

A No memory cells are produced in the baby.

B The antibodies are insufficient in number.
C The antibodies only act in the mother.
D The immunity is not inherited.

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 8

17 The table shows some of the features of respiration.

Which row is correct for anaerobic respiration?

amount of energy
releases
released per chemical reaction
carbon dioxide
glucose molecule

A high always the same sometimes

B low different in different organisms sometimes
C high different in different organisms always
D low always the same always

18 The diagram shows some apparatus used to investigate respiration. Yeast, warm water and
substance Z were put into a test-tube. After a while, the limewater began to go cloudy.

yeast, warm water limewater

and substance Z

What is substance Z?

A alcohol
B glucose
C nitrogen
D oxygen

19 What happens during the process of breathing out?

external intercostal pressure in the lungs volume of thorax

diaphragm contracts
muscles contract increases increases

A yes yes no yes

B yes no yes yes
C no yes no no
D no no yes no

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 9

20 The diagram shows a kidney tubule and some of its associated blood vessels.

Which substance is entirely reabsorbed from the fluid at R to the blood at P?

A glucose
B salts
C urea
D water

21 Which of the following can be an effector in a reflex arc?

A a gland
B a light receptor
C the brain
D the spinal cord

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 10

22 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

When focusing on a close object at night, what is the state of structures P and Q?

P Q

A contracted tight
B contracted slack
C relaxed tight
D relaxed slack

23 The diagram shows a shoot that has been placed on its side. The shoot begins to grow upwards.

up
P

What causes the shoot to grow upwards?

A increased cell division by meiosis at P

B increased cell division by mitosis at P
C more cell elongation at P than Q
D more cell elongation at Q than P

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 11

24 Some roots are known to be gravitropic.

Which pair of diagrams show a controlled experiment to find out if these roots are also
phototropic?

light proof light proof light

box box

light

1 2 3 4

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4

25 Which feature of sexual reproduction helps a species to evolve?

A Fewer offspring are produced than in asexual reproduction.

B Offspring are the result of the fusion of the nuclei of dissimilar gametes.
C Offspring always inherit advantageous characteristics.
D Offspring produced will always be in a suitable environment.

26 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.

What is the function of the part labelled X?

A gamete production and hormone secretion

B gamete production only
C hormone secretion only
D zygote production and hormone secretion

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 12

27 The diagram shows the menstrual cycle of a woman during the month of September.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30

key

= ovulation

= menstruation

Why can fertilisation not take place if sperms are released into the vagina on 8th September?

A Sperms are washed out of the female uterus by the menstrual flow.
B Sperms can survive in the female reproductive system for only 3 or 4 days.
C Sperms must be released after ovulation for fertilisation to take place.
D The uterus lining is washed out of the female body during menstruation.

28 Which states a function of the four hormones FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen in controlling
the menstrual cycle?

FSH LH progesterone oestrogen

A stimulates the maintains the lining causes an egg to causes the mature
pituitary gland to of the uterus during mature in an ovary egg to be released
release LH the middle part of from the ovary
the menstrual cycle

B causes an egg to causes the mature prepares the uterus stimulates the
mature in an ovary egg to be released to receive a fertilised pituitary gland to
from the ovary ovum release LH

C prepares the uterus stimulates the stops FSH being maintains the lining
to receive a fertilised ovaries to release produced of the uterus during
ovum oestrogen the middle part of
the menstrual cycle

D maintains the lining stops FSH being causes the mature prepares the uterus
of the uterus during produced egg to be released to receive a fertilised
the middle part of from the ovary ovum
the menstrual cycle

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 13

29 The diagram shows a cell of an organism formed by reduction division. The nucleus contains
20 chromosomes.

What is the diploid number for this organism?

A 10 B 20 C 40 D 46

30 What are the possible blood groups of the offspring of parents who have blood group A and B?

A AB only
B A and B
C A, B and AB
D A, B, AB and O

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 14

31 The diagram shows a family tree and the inheritance of the ability to taste a certain substance.

The allele for the ability to taste this substance is dominant.

1st generation David Mary Jeanne Mark

2nd generation

key
male ‘taster’ male ‘non-taster’

female ‘taster’ female ‘non-taster’

Which statement about the genotypes of the sisters Mary and Jeanne is correct?

A Mary is heterozygous and Jeanne is homozygous.

B Mary is homozygous and Jeanne is heterozygous.
C They are both heterozygous.
D They are both homozygous.

32 Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive condition. A haemophiliac man has one son who has
inherited haemophilia and two more sons who have not.

The man’s wife is pregnant again. If this baby is a girl, what is the chance that she will have
haemophilia?

A 0% B 25 % C 50 % D 75 %

33 Antibiotics often do not work as effectively against bacterial infections as they used to.

What change has taken place in the bacteria, and what type of selection has brought this about?

change in the bacteria type of selection

A have become immune to the antibiotic artificial

B have become immune to the antibiotic natural
C have become resistant to the antibiotic artificial
D have become resistant to the antibiotic natural

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 15

34 The diagram shows an Arctic ecosystem.

polar bear

glaucous gull ringed seal

little auk arctic cod

squid

amphipods shrimps

herbivorous
copepods

phytoplankton

sunlight

How many organisms can act as tertiary consumers in this food web?

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 16

35 The diagram shows the circulation of nitrogen in nature.

nitrogen
in the air
3
2

lightning
ammonium organic
nitrate in nitrogen
1 fertiliser NO in plants
legumes

plants NH4+
5
2 in soil

nitrate animals
in soil
nitrite
in soil
4 4

What is correct?

denitrification nitrification nitrogen fixation

A 1 5 3
B 2 5 4
C 3 2 1
D 1 4 3

36 What is the correct match of example to ecological term?

community ecosystem population trophic level

A all lake organisms freshwater lake freshwater shrimps pond weed as

primary producer
B freshwater shrimps all lake organisms pond weed as freshwater lake
primary producer
C freshwater lake pond weed as freshwater shrimps all lake organisms
primary producer
D freshwater shrimps freshwater lake all lake organisms pond weed as
primary producer

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 17

37 Some rabbits colonised an island for the first time. The graph shows how their population size
changed over the next few years.

population
size

time

What explains the way the size of the rabbit population changed during the exponential (log)
phase?

A birth rate and death rate in equilibrium

B increasing number of rabbits able to reproduce
C increase in the number of predators
D limiting factors begin to take effect

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 18

38 The diagram shows a bacterium whose plasmid is being used during genetic engineering to
produce human insulin.

section of
DNA cut
and removed

plasmid

What is inserted at P so that the bacterium can produce human insulin, and which enzyme is
used to catalyse the insertion?

A a section of human DNA, using DNA ligase

B a section of human DNA, using restriction enzymes
C a section of human mRNA, using DNA ligase
D a section of human mRNA, using restriction enzymes

39 Modern technology has resulted in the production and use of insecticides.

Which statement is a false description of insecticides?

A Insecticides can affect food chains.

B Insecticides can cause pollution.
C Insecticides improve yields.
D Insecticides target weeds.

40 Which of these measures will help to prevent acid rain?

A avoiding the use of non-recyclable plastics

B filtering sulfur dioxide in power station chimneys
C reducing methane emissions in industry and agriculture
D using alkaline fertilisers on fields

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 0610/02/SP/20

 Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY0610/02
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) For examination from 2023
SPECIMEN PAPER 45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*0123456789*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
● There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
● For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
● Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
● Write in soft pencil.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
● Do not use correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● Each correct answer will score one mark.
● Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 18 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

© UCLES 2020 [Turn over

 2

1 The diagram shows a plant.

light

Which characteristic of living organisms is shown by the plant in the diagram?

A excretion

B reproduction

C respiration

D sensitivity

2 Lichens are formed from two different organisms living together.

Organism X and organism Y are found in most lichens.

The table shows some of the characteristics of organism X and organism Y.

X Y
made of strands called hyphae single-celled
hyphae have cell walls and cell contains a nucleus and
many nuclei chloroplasts

Which kingdoms do X and Y belong to?

X Y
A fungus prokaryote
B fungus protoctist
C protoctist fungus
D protoctist plant

3 Which part of a plant cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

A cell membrane

B cell wall

C cytoplasm

D vacuole

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 3

4 The diagram shows the structure of a plant cell.

What is a function of this specialised plant cell?

A It absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.

B It absorbs ions from the soil.

C It transports sucrose from leaves.

D It transports water in stems.

5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?

A active transport

B diffusion

C osmosis

D transpiration

6 Four freshly cut potato cylinders were soaked for one hour in different salt solutions The potato
cylinders were then pinned to cork blocks. Two of the potato cylinders are shown.

pin turgid
flaccid
potato cylinder
potato cylinder

cork block

Which solution would cause the potato cylinder to be the most flaccid?

A 0.1 mol per dm3 salt solution

B 0.3 mol per dm3 salt solution

C 0.7 mol per dm3 salt solution

D 1.0 mol per dm3 salt solution

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 4

7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including starch

reducing sugar / g per 100 g
/ g per 100 g
3.7 0.0

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s solution iodine solution

A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown

8 Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct?

A Base A always pairs with base C.

B Base A always pairs with base T.

C DNA is made of protein.

D DNA forms a single helix.

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 5

9 The diagrams show a protease enzyme catalysing the breaking of part of a protein molecule into
smaller pieces.

Which diagram has three correct labels?

A B
product
active site
substrate product

enzyme enzyme

C D

active site active site

substrate

enzyme substrate

product

10 A student wrote some notes about enzymes.

She wrote:

‘The …1… of an enzyme is …2… to an area on the substrate.

This area on the substrate can fit into it to form an …3… complex’.

Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3
A active site complementary enzyme-substrate
B active site similar enzyme-product
C shape complementary enzyme-product
D shape similar enzyme-substrate

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 6

11 The apparatus shown was used in an experiment.

The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start of the
experiment and again three hours later.

In which test-tube will the carbon dioxide concentration decrease?

A B C D

black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
aquatic
plant

aquatic
animal

12 The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.

What is the name of the cell labelled X?

A epidermal cell

B guard cell

C palisade mesophyll cell

D spongy mesophyll cell

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 7

13 Why do plants need nitrate ions?

A Nitrogen is a component of amino acids.

B Nitrogen is a component of fatty acids.

C Nitrogen is a component of glucose.

D Nitrogen is a component of starch.

14 In which part of the body of a mammal does physical digestion occur?

A gall bladder

B liver

C mouth

D pancreas

15 The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

Where is protein digested by trypsin?

B C

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 8

16 The photomicrograph shows a cross-section through the root of a buttercup plant.

What is the function of the tissue labelled Z?

A photosynthesis

B respiration

C transport of sugars

D transport of water

17 Roots and leaves both act as sources and sinks for sucrose and amino acids at different times
during the year.

At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?

A
spring
new leaves
start to grow

D B
winter summer
no leaves leaves are
are present mature

C
autumn or fall
leaves die
and fall off

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 9

18 The diagram shows a section through a human heart.

Which blood vessel is the pulmonary vein?

A D

19 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?

atrioventricular valves semilunar valves

A close close
B close open
C open close
D open open

20 What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inspired air?

percentage of percentage of
oxygen carbon dioxide
A 16 4.00
B 16 8.00
C 20 0.04
D 20 4.00

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 10

21 The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The
diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.

Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?

name of X name of Y correct shape of Y

A antigen antibody

B antibody antigen

C antigen antibody

D antibody antigen

22 Which environmental conditions must always be present for seed germination?

A carbon dioxide and water

B light and suitable temperature

C oxygen and carbon dioxide

D water and oxygen

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 11

23 The diagram shows a reflex arc.

Which structure is the sensory neurone?

A B

hot pan not to scale

24 What happens to the muscles in the iris, to make the pupil smaller?

circular muscles radial muscles

A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 12

25 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.

The diagram shows their investigation.

light light
piece of glass piece of glass

X X
at the start of after some time
the experiment does not bend towards the light

light light

piece of glass piece of glass

Y Y
at the start of after some time
the experiment bends towards the light

Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?

A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling.

B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light.

C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin diffusing down the shaded side of the seedling.

D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin diffusing down the side of the seedling facing the
light.

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 13

26 The diagram shows part of the mechanism that controls blood sugar concentration.

liver
3 more glycogen in
the liver
4 less glycogen in
the liver

1 more glucose in the blood

2 less glucose in the blood

5 more glucagon released

6 less glucagon released

pancreas

A person does one hour of exercise.

Starting with the pancreas, what is the sequence of events in which the hormone glucagon is
involved?

A 5→3→2 B 5→4→1 C 6→3→1 D 6→4→2

27 The diagram shows the first part of a kidney nephron and its blood supply.

During filtration, protein molecules do not pass through the wall of the glomerulus.

Which part contains the highest concentration of protein?

B
A
C

direction of
blood flow
D

28 Which row describes sexual reproduction?

genetically different
gamete nucleus zygote nucleus
offspring produced
A diploid diploid no
B diploid haploid no
C haploid diploid yes
D haploid haploid yes

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 14

29 Which organ secretes the most progesterone during pregnancy?

A adrenal gland

B ovary

C placenta

D uterus

30 What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A assembles amino acids into protein molecules

B moves a copy of the gene from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

C controls cell function

D duplicates chromosomes before mitosis

31 The diagram shows the cell of an organism. The nucleus contains 12 chromosomes.

After this cell divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes would be present in one of the daughter
cells?

A 6 B 12 C 18 D 24

32 A man marries a woman who has a different blood group from him. They have two children. The
children have different blood groups from each other and different blood groups from their parents.

What are the genotypes of the parents’ blood groups?

A IAIA and IAIB B IAIA and IoIo C IAIB and IBIB D IAIB and IoIo

33 Pure-breeding black-feathered chickens are mated with pure-breeding white-feathered chickens.

All of the offspring (F1 generation) have black feathers and white feathers.

When two of the F1 generation chickens are crossed, what will be the ratios of offspring
phenotypes?

A 1 black : 1 white

B 1 black : 2 black and white : 1 white

C 3 white : 1 black

D 3 black : 1 white

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 15

34 Over the last 30 years some antibiotics have become less effective in treating bacterial infections.

What is the reason for this?

A artificial selection

B asexual reproduction

C more effective new antibiotics

D natural selection

35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

nitrogen in
atmosphere
Z
W
animals plants
nitrate
ions
Y

X
ammonium ions

Which row identifies the bacteria involved in processes W, X, Y and Z?

W X Y Z
A denitrifying decomposer nitrifying nitrogen-fixing
B denitrifying nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing
C nitrifying decomposer nitrogen-fixing denitrifying
D nitrogen-fixing nitrifying decomposer denitrifying

36 The table shows processes in the carbon cycle that release carbon dioxide into the air, or remove
carbon dioxide from the air.

Which row is correct?

releases carbon removes carbon

dioxide into the air dioxide from the air
A decay photosynthesis
B combustion respiration
C photosynthesis combustion
D respiration decay

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 16

37 What helps to maintain fish stocks?

A fishing during all seasons

B fishing in all areas of the oceans

C maintaining protected areas

D reducing the mesh size of nets

38 The statements describe some of the events that occur during eutrophication.

What is directly responsible for the increase in decomposers?

A a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration

B an increase in nitrate concentration

C an increase in the population of algae

D an increase in the death of producers

39 Which cell structure makes bacteria useful for genetic modification?

A cell membrane

B cell wall

C cytoplasm

D plasmids

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20

 17

40 The diagram shows an industrial fermenter that is used to produce penicillin.

What is a function of the part labelled X?

A add oxygen to the solution

B maintain an even temperature throughout the solution

C record the pH of the solution

D sterilise the solution

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20 [Turn over

 18

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0610/02/SP/20