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Biology Practical

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63 views

Biology Practical

Uploaded by

neetbio70
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter-14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of


number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles)

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation


Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation;
hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves,
national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

PRACTICALS
Time allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme Marks

One Major Experiment 5 5


One Minor Experiment 2 & 3 4
Slide Preparation 1& 4 5
Spotting 7
Practical Record + Viva Voce 4
(Credit to the students’ work over
Investigatory Project and its 5
theacademic session may be
Project Record + Viva Voce given)
Total 30

A. List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.


2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

B. Study and observer the following (Spotting):

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).


2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.
3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through
permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.
7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood
groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colour blindness.
8. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging andbagging.
9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus
causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images or specimens.
Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
9
10. Models specimen showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants,
Cuscuta on host, lichens.
11. Flash cards models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Classes XI and XII


Evaluation Scheme

Time: 02 Hours Max. Marks: 30


Topic Marks
Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus 5
Written test (Based on given / prescribed practicals) 10
Practical Records 5
Viva 10
Total 30

General Guidelines
 The practical examination will be of two hour duration. A separate list of ten experiments
is included here.
 The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of
practical examination of all other students.
 The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.
 The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a total
of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be required
to answer any 10 questions.
 A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
 All questions included in the question paper should be related to the listed practicals.
Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
 These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to
record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each
subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.
 The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus
required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.
 Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for
assessment.
 The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory / principle / concept,
apparatus / materials / chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

Class XII

A. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in practicals
(All experiments) Beaker, flask, petriplates, soil from different sites - sandy, clayey, loamy,
small potted plants, aluminium foil, paint brush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes,
Bunsen burner/spirit lamp/water bath, large flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of
developmental stages highlighting morula and blastula of frog, beads/seeds of different
shapes/size/texture Ascaris, Cactus/Opuntia(model).
10

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