7 P Block Elements 4.pptx
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Amita Rajput7 P Block Elements 4.pptx
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Amita RajputCHAPTER-7 CLASS-XII
THE p- BLOCK
ELEMENTS
Prepared by
Mr. B.SENTHAMIZHSELVAN
PART -4 PGT CHEMISTRY
JNV MYSORE
KARNATAKA
HYDERABAD REGION
Contents
PART - 4
• Allotropes of Sulphur - Rhombic sulphur
and Monoclinic sulphur
• Preparation, Physical and Chemical
Properties and uses of :
Sulphur di-oxide
Sulphuric acid
• Structure of oxo-acids of sulphur
SULPHUR
Allotrophic
forms of
Sulphur
Rhombic Monoclinic
Sulphur Sulphur
( α – Sulphur ) ( β – Sulphur )
Rhombic Sulphur ( α – Sulphur / Yellow sulphur
)
Rhombic Sulphur is
~yellow in colour
~melting point - 385.8 K
~specific gravity – 2.06
~formed on evaporating
the solution of Roll
Sulphur in carbon
disulphide
~insoluble in water and
readily soluble in carbon
disulphide
At room temperature, rhombic sulphur
is stable and it transforms to
monoclinic sulphur when heated above
369K or 96o C. This temperature is
called as transition temperature.
Monoclinic sulphur ( β – Sulphur )
Monoclinic sulphur
~melting point – 393 K
~specific gravity – 1.98
~soluble in carbon
disulphide
~prepared by melting
rhombic sulphur in a
dish and cooling
Both Rhombic and Monoclinic Sulphur
have S8 molecules. They both have
puckered or typical forms. Several
other modifications of sulphur
containing 6 – 20 atoms per ring have
been prepared.
QUESTION
• Which form of sulphur shows paramagnetic
behaviour ?
• In vapour state sulphur partly exists as S2
molecule which has two unpaired electrons in
the antibonding π * orbitals like O2 and,
hence, exhibits paramagnetism.
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
Methods of Preparation:
• General Method
S (s) + O2 🡪 SO2 (g)
• Lab Method
SO32- (aq) + 2H+ 🡪 H20 (l) + SO2 (g)
• Industrial Method
4FeS2 (g) + 11O2 (g) 🡪 2Fe2O3 (s) + 8SO2 (g)
PROPERTIES OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
Colourless gas
Pungent smell
Highly soluble in water
When passed through water forms
sulphurous acid (H2SO3)
When passed through NaOH
2NaOH + SO2 🡪 Na2SO3 + H2O
Na2SO3 + H2O + SO2 🡪 2NaHSO3
When made to react with chlorine it gives sulphuryl
chloride
SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 🡪 SO2Cl2 (l)
When reacted with oxygen in presence of vanadium (V)
pentoxide forms sulphur dioxide
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ----🡪 2SO3 (g)
It behaves as Reducing agents
Converts Fe3+ 🡪 Fe2+
2Fe3+ + SO2 + 2H2O 🡪 2Fe2+ + SO42- + 4H+
Decolourises acidified KMnO4 solution
5SO2 + 2MnO4- + 2H2O 🡪 5SO42- + 4H+ + 2Mn2+
It is a test for detection of SO2 gas.
Its angular in shape
Resonating structures:
USES OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
(i) in refining petroleum and sugar
(ii) in bleaching wool and silk and
(iii) as an anti-chlor, disinfectant and
preservative.
(iv)Sulphuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulphite
and calcium hydrogen sulphite (industrial
chemicals) are manufactured from sulphur
dioxide.
(v) Liquid SO2 is used as a solvent to dissolve a
number of organic and inorganic chemicals.
OXOACIDS OF SULPHUR
SULPHURIC ACID
Preparation of Sulphuric acid –CONTACT PROCESS
1. Burning of sulphur or sulphide ore in air to generate SO2.
S + O2 -----🡪 SO2
2. Conversion of SO2 to SO3 by the reaction with oxygen in the
presence of a catalyst V2O5.
V 2O 5
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ----🡪 2SO3 (g) + H
3. Absorption of SO3 in H2SO4 to give Oleum (H2S2O7)
SO3 + H2SO4 🡪 H2S2O7 (oleum)
H2S2O7 + H2O 🡪 H2SO4
Flow chart for the formation/manufacture of
sulphuric acid by contact process
Properties of sulphuric acid
a) Colourless, dense, oily liquid
b) Dissolves in water with large quantity of
heat evolved. This is the reason why
concentrated acid must be added slowly into
water with constant stirring.
c) Chemical activities/chemical reaction/chemical
properties of sulphuric acid are a result of
following characteristics:
✔ low volatility
✔ strong acidic character
✔ strong affinity for water
✔ ability to act as an oxidizing agent
Q. How do you prove that it is a dibasic acid ?
Ans. This acid forms two series of salts:
Normal sulphates and
acid sulphates (Bisulphates).
It can also be proved by following two reactions :
H2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l) 🡪 H3O+ (aq ) + HSO4- (aq)
HSO4- (aq) + H2O (l) 🡪 H3O+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)
(i) Because of its low volatility it is used in manufacture of
more volatile acids from their volatile salts
2MX + H2SO4 🡪 2HX + M2SO4 (X= F, Cl, NO3)
(ii) Concentrated H2SO4 is a strong dehydrating agent
🡪It is used to dry wet gases provided; they do not
react with it.
🡪It is used to remove water from organic compound
like charring of carbohydrates.
C12H22O11 ------🡪 12C + 11H2O
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
(iii) Strong oxidizing agent property of hot concentrated
H2SO4 is intermediate between phosphoric and
nitric acid.
Cu + 2H2SO4 (conc.) 🡪 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
C + 2H2SO4 (conc. ) 🡪 CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H20
3S + 2H2SO4 (conc. ) 🡪 3SO2 + 2H2O
USES OF SULPHURIC ACID
Sulphuric acid is a very important industrial chemical.
A nation’s industrial strength can be judged by the quantity
of sulphuric acid it produces and consumes. It is needed for
the manufacture of hundreds of other compounds and also
in many industrial processes.
The bulk of sulphuric acid produced is used in the
manufacture of fertilisers (e.g., ammonium sulphate,
superphosphate).
Other uses are in:
(a) petroleum refining
(b) manufacture of pigments, paints and dyestuff intermediates
(c) detergent industry
(d) metallurgical applications (e.g., cleansing metals before
enameling, electroplating and galvanising
(e) storage batteries
(f ) in the manufacture of nitrocellulose products and
(g) as a laboratory reagent.
