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atomic phy notes

Uploaded by

Aanya Lall
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CH 21 atomic physics

discrete energy levels

-13.6 eV is the ground state energy/ ionisation energy (negative as that is the
energy required to come out of the ground state, they are trapped by the
proton)

this is the EPE + KE

when you add energy an electron will jump to the next energy level. the
next energy level is at -3.4 eV. if you add 1 eV only, the atom will reject it
and nothing will happen to its position. must add at least 10.2 eV to excite
the atom and get it to a higher energy state.

for a hydrogen atom (-13.6, -3.4, -1.51, -0.85)

the gaps in energy become smaller and smaller, the energy levels become
closer.

photons are emitted when an atom de-excites (it returns to ground state)

short amount of time it is excited. the

energy of photon is directly proportionate to the frequency of the radiation.


E = hf (planks constant x frequency)

geiger-marsden (RUTHERFORD) experiment


gold foil experiment (v malleable)

could see where the alpha particles were deflected.

why was the foil very thin?


to allow the alpha particles to pass through

slight deflection?
positive postive charge repulsion

higher deflection?
closer to the nucleus

come in and bounce straight back?

CH 21 atomic physics 1
directly, straight at the nucleus. the nucleus is 50 times larger than the
alpha particle, so it remains unfased.

done in a evacuated container?

only the alpha particles emitted from the radioactive source would collide
with the gold foil. not be deflected by air molecules.

atomic spectra
quantised energy states - only certain allowable energy states that the
hydrogen atom can be in

energy of the photon is the difference in the energy of the energy levels.

n=2 (visible light)

nuclear energy levels are quantised

CH 21 atomic physics 2

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